Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata Harsh Singh 2022, var. nov.
Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata Harsh Singh var. nov. (Fig. 1, Fig. 2A, B & C) Diagnosis:—This new variety is different from its closely allied variety by its spurless lower sepal. Type: INDIA. Uttarakhand: Kumaon, on way to Sunderdunga glacier, 30.16541 N, 79.98718 E 2400 m, 7.09.2020, Harsh S...
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topic |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Ericales Balsaminaceae Impatiens Impatiens glauca Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata harsh singh |
spellingShingle |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Ericales Balsaminaceae Impatiens Impatiens glauca Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata harsh singh Singh, Harsh Sharma, Ashutosh Adamowski, Wojciech Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata Harsh Singh 2022, var. nov. |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Ericales Balsaminaceae Impatiens Impatiens glauca Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata harsh singh |
description |
Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata Harsh Singh var. nov. (Fig. 1, Fig. 2A, B & C) Diagnosis:—This new variety is different from its closely allied variety by its spurless lower sepal. Type: INDIA. Uttarakhand: Kumaon, on way to Sunderdunga glacier, 30.16541 N, 79.98718 E 2400 m, 7.09.2020, Harsh Singh 305876 (Holotype LWG; Isotype LWG) Etymology: The variety epithet ‘ ecalcarata ’ is derived from ‘e + calcarate’ meaning being without a spur thus presenting spurless nature of named variety. Flowering and fruiting:—Late June to September. Habitat and associated species:—The individuals of this species are found growing in moist, shady habitat with boulders along brooklets. Associated species include Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis (1981: 145), Impatiens tricornis Lindl. (1840: 26 t. 9), I. racemosa DC. (1824: 688), I. laxiflora Edgew. (1846: 40), Lecanthus peduncularis (Royle) Wedd. (1869: 164), Pilea scripta (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Wedd. (1854: 187) and Persicaria chinensis (L.) H. Gross. (1913: 269). Global Distribution:— India, Himachal Pradesh (Districts: Kangra, Kullu, Shimla and Sirmaur) (Subramani et al. , 2014) & Uttarakhand (Districts: Chamoli and Pithoragarh (Upper Kumaon Division)) and Nepal (Sudurpashchim Province, Far West Nepal & Karnali Zone, Mid-Western Nepal). We have excluded Chamba (Himachal Pradesh) as there is only single specimen mentioned from Kilar, Chamba 58761 (BSD) and our examining of that herbarium specimen shows lack of well-preserved flowers to confirm its identity, as it has only single comparatively large differing flower and leaves so it needs confirmation in field. Additional specimen examined: Uttarakhand, on way to Pindari glacier was earlier observed in 2017 year, 30.16877 N & 79.92510 E, 2500 m, 30.08.2017, Harsh Singh 26172 (LWG!) [about 15 mature plants]; Kumaon, on way to Sunderdunga glacier, 30.17080 N, 79.92583 E 2400 m, 7.09.2020, Harsh Singh 305874 (LWG!) (syntype); Kumaon, towards Katling, 2600 m, 9.09.2020, Harsh Singh 305882 (LWG!) (paratype). Conservation status:— Impatiens glauca was originally described from Kumaun Himalaya is known to be a Himalayan endemic species distributed in Indian western Himalaya and Nepal. Based on 4 years of field survey from 2017-2020 and literature surveys, 14 populations are known to be existent in the distribution range and each population is estimated to contain an average of less than 100 mature individuals comprising an overall population size of less than 1400 mature individuals. The EOO (Extent of Occurrence) and AOO (Area of Occupancy) is calculated using the online software GeoCAT, as 43,642 and 52 sq.km. respectively. The species distribution area is not severely fragmented and neither does it exhibit extreme fluctuation. However, there has been continuing decline observed in the quality of the habitat due to various reasons like cattle grazing around the habitat at many sites and also because some hiking routes traverse through some of the subpopulation and hence, plants get trampled. Although, the increment in population size in Criterion D is exponential, with 1400 mature individuals this species is just beyond the threshold, the species can be assessed as NT. Based on these facts, Criteria A, C, and E cannot be applied. However, based on Criterion B and D, following IUCN guidelines (IUCN 2019), the species can be assessed as Near Threatened [NT-B2b(iii); D]. We are also of the view that at least some more undiscovered populations may be present in Western and Central Uttarakhand which otherwise forms large distribution gap in between Eastern Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. Remarks:—Older literature gives erroneous descriptions of flower color in I. glauca. For example, Chowdhery & Wadhwa (1984) describe flowers as “greenish”, and Vivekananthan et al. (1997) as “orange or pale red”. Greenish coloration could be an effect of observation of flower buds or freshly opened flowers. Observations of living material of I. glauca show that spur in fully open flowers is set at angle 10-30 degrees downward in comparison with lower sepal long axis, not parallel to it, as in drawing in Akiyama & Ohba (1993). Vivekananthan et al. (1997) and Pusalkar & Srivastava (2018) give much shorter stature for the species: to 70 cm and 30-80 cm high, respectively; however, Chowdhery & Wadhwa (1984) wrote that it is “high herb”, without detailed data. Specimens from western Nepal (Polunin, Sykes and Williams 5052 and Polunin, Sykes and Williams 405) had annotations “to 5 feet high”. Our observations confirm that I. glauca could reach 1.8 m in late monsoon season. Majority of balsam species has spurred flowers, however there are numerous exceptions. Members of Madagascan section Trimorphopetalum (127 species; Fischer et al. 2017) have always spurless flowers. There are spurless species in North America ( I. ecornuta Gerry Moore, Zika & Rushworth (2012: 60)), Himalaya ( I. gammiei Hook. f. (1905: 16), I. occultans Hook. f. (1905: 17), I. tuberculata Hook. f. & Thomson (1860: 155); Gogoi et al. 2018) and SE Asia ( I. casseabriae Y.H. Tan, S.S. Zhou & B. Yang (2017: 104), I. decurva Ruchis & S.B. Janssens (2018: 64). Several balsams have spurless varieties ( I. radiata var. mindatensis from Myanmar; Akiyama et al. 2018), in some taxa spurred and spurless flowers could be found on the same plant ( I. racemosa DC. (1824: 688); Ruchisansakun et al. 2018). Sterile/abortive inflorescences were observed in Impatiens glauca (Duthie 1886), I. cymbifera Hook. (1875: 474) (Grey-Wilson 1989) and recently in I. sterilis Y.Y. Cong & Y.X. Song (Song et al. 2021: 48). Akiyama & Ohba (2000) described inflorescence of I. glauca as type 9, including multi flowered inflorescences with bracts born in the middle of pedicel. : Published as part of Singh, Harsh, Sharma, Ashutosh & Adamowski, Wojciech, 2022, Impatiens glauca Hook. f. et Thomson-A little known Himalayan species with augmented description and a new spurless variety, pp. 280-286 in Phytotaxa 539 (3) on pages 281-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.539.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6364206 : {"references": ["Friis, I. B. (1981) A synopsis of Girardina (Urticaceae). Kew Bulletin 36 (1): 143 - 157.", "Subramani, S. P., Kapoor, K. S. & Goraya, G. S. (2014) Additions to the floral wealth of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh from Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary. Journal of Threatened Taxa 6 (11): 6427 - 6452. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 2845.6427 - 52", "Chowdhery, H. J. & Wadhwa, B. M. (1984) Flora of Himachal Pradesh. Vol. 1. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta, India, pp. 134 - 139.", "Vivekananthan, K., Rathakrishnan, N. C., Swaminathan, M. S. & Ghara, L. K. (1997) Balsaminaceae. In: Hajra, P. K., Nair, V. J. & Daniel, P. Flora of India (Maphighiaceae-Dichapetalaceae). Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, 4, pp. 95 - 229.", "Akiyama, S. & Ohba, H. (1993) Notes of Impatiens from west Nepal. Journal of Japanese Botany 68 (3): 156 - 158.", "Pusalkar, P. K. & Srivastava, S. K. (2018) Flora of Uttarakhand: Vol. 1: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (Ranunculaceae-Moringaceae), Botanical Survey of India, Kolkotta, pp. 869 - 870.", "Fischer, E., Rahelivololona, M. E. & Abrahamczyk, S. (2017) Impatiens galactica (Balsaminaceae), a new spurless species of section Trimorphopetalum from Madagascar. Phytotaxa 298 (3): 269 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 298.3.6", "Moore, G., Zika, P. F. & Rushworth, C. A. (2012) Impatiens ecornuta, a New Name for Impatiens ecalcarata (Balsaminaceae), a Jewelweed from the United States and Canada. Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 22 (1): 60 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 2011088", "Yang, B., Zhou, S. - S., Maung, K. W. & Tan, Y. - H. (2017) Two new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from Putao, Kachin State, northern Myanmar. Phytotaxa 321 (1): 103 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 321.1.4", "Akiyama, S., Aung, M. M. & Tanaka, N. (2018) A new variety of Impatiens radiata Hook. f. from Myanmar. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B (Botany), Tokyo 44 (4): 159 - 163.", "Duthie, J. F. (1886) Kumaun. The Gardeners Chronicle 25: 456 - 458.", "Grey-Wilson, C. (1989) Impatiens cymbifera and its allies. Studies in Balsaminaceae: 11. Kew Bulletin 44 (4): 711 - 716.", "Song, Y. - X., Cong, Y. - Y., Kuang, R. - P., Peng, Y. - C. & Zheng, Y. - M. (2021) Impatiens sterilis, a rare new species of Impatiens with reduced sterile inflorescences from Yunnan, China. Taiwania 66 (1): 48 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.6165 / tai. 2021.66.48", "Akiyama, S. & Ohba, H. (2000) Inflorescences of the Himalayan species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). Journal of Japanese Botany 75 (4): 226 - 240."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Singh, Harsh Sharma, Ashutosh Adamowski, Wojciech |
author_facet |
Singh, Harsh Sharma, Ashutosh Adamowski, Wojciech |
author_sort |
Singh, Harsh |
title |
Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata Harsh Singh 2022, var. nov. |
title_short |
Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata Harsh Singh 2022, var. nov. |
title_full |
Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata Harsh Singh 2022, var. nov. |
title_fullStr |
Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata Harsh Singh 2022, var. nov. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata Harsh Singh 2022, var. nov. |
title_sort |
impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata harsh singh 2022, var. nov. |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6366345 https://zenodo.org/record/6366345 |
geographic |
Canada Indian |
geographic_facet |
Canada Indian |
genre |
glacier* |
genre_facet |
glacier* |
op_relation |
http://zenodo.org/record/6364206 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFF9FFC5FFD0FFB39645FF91FFB96874 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.539.3.7 http://zenodo.org/record/6364206 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFF9FFC5FFD0FFB39645FF91FFB96874 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6364210 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6364212 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6366344 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit |
op_rights |
Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6366345 https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.539.3.7 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6364210 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6364212 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6366344 |
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1766010513750228992 |
spelling |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6366345 2023-05-15T16:22:32+02:00 Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata Harsh Singh 2022, var. nov. Singh, Harsh Sharma, Ashutosh Adamowski, Wojciech 2022 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6366345 https://zenodo.org/record/6366345 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/6364206 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFF9FFC5FFD0FFB39645FF91FFB96874 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.539.3.7 http://zenodo.org/record/6364206 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFF9FFC5FFD0FFB39645FF91FFB96874 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6364210 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6364212 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6366344 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC0 Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Ericales Balsaminaceae Impatiens Impatiens glauca Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata harsh singh article-journal ScholarlyArticle Taxonomic treatment Text 2022 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6366345 https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.539.3.7 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6364210 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6364212 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6366344 2022-04-01T16:11:54Z Impatiens glauca var. ecalcarata Harsh Singh var. nov. (Fig. 1, Fig. 2A, B & C) Diagnosis:—This new variety is different from its closely allied variety by its spurless lower sepal. Type: INDIA. Uttarakhand: Kumaon, on way to Sunderdunga glacier, 30.16541 N, 79.98718 E 2400 m, 7.09.2020, Harsh Singh 305876 (Holotype LWG; Isotype LWG) Etymology: The variety epithet ‘ ecalcarata ’ is derived from ‘e + calcarate’ meaning being without a spur thus presenting spurless nature of named variety. Flowering and fruiting:—Late June to September. Habitat and associated species:—The individuals of this species are found growing in moist, shady habitat with boulders along brooklets. Associated species include Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis (1981: 145), Impatiens tricornis Lindl. (1840: 26 t. 9), I. racemosa DC. (1824: 688), I. laxiflora Edgew. (1846: 40), Lecanthus peduncularis (Royle) Wedd. (1869: 164), Pilea scripta (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Wedd. (1854: 187) and Persicaria chinensis (L.) H. Gross. (1913: 269). Global Distribution:— India, Himachal Pradesh (Districts: Kangra, Kullu, Shimla and Sirmaur) (Subramani et al. , 2014) & Uttarakhand (Districts: Chamoli and Pithoragarh (Upper Kumaon Division)) and Nepal (Sudurpashchim Province, Far West Nepal & Karnali Zone, Mid-Western Nepal). We have excluded Chamba (Himachal Pradesh) as there is only single specimen mentioned from Kilar, Chamba 58761 (BSD) and our examining of that herbarium specimen shows lack of well-preserved flowers to confirm its identity, as it has only single comparatively large differing flower and leaves so it needs confirmation in field. Additional specimen examined: Uttarakhand, on way to Pindari glacier was earlier observed in 2017 year, 30.16877 N & 79.92510 E, 2500 m, 30.08.2017, Harsh Singh 26172 (LWG!) [about 15 mature plants]; Kumaon, on way to Sunderdunga glacier, 30.17080 N, 79.92583 E 2400 m, 7.09.2020, Harsh Singh 305874 (LWG!) (syntype); Kumaon, towards Katling, 2600 m, 9.09.2020, Harsh Singh 305882 (LWG!) (paratype). Conservation status:— Impatiens glauca was originally described from Kumaun Himalaya is known to be a Himalayan endemic species distributed in Indian western Himalaya and Nepal. Based on 4 years of field survey from 2017-2020 and literature surveys, 14 populations are known to be existent in the distribution range and each population is estimated to contain an average of less than 100 mature individuals comprising an overall population size of less than 1400 mature individuals. The EOO (Extent of Occurrence) and AOO (Area of Occupancy) is calculated using the online software GeoCAT, as 43,642 and 52 sq.km. respectively. The species distribution area is not severely fragmented and neither does it exhibit extreme fluctuation. However, there has been continuing decline observed in the quality of the habitat due to various reasons like cattle grazing around the habitat at many sites and also because some hiking routes traverse through some of the subpopulation and hence, plants get trampled. Although, the increment in population size in Criterion D is exponential, with 1400 mature individuals this species is just beyond the threshold, the species can be assessed as NT. Based on these facts, Criteria A, C, and E cannot be applied. However, based on Criterion B and D, following IUCN guidelines (IUCN 2019), the species can be assessed as Near Threatened [NT-B2b(iii); D]. We are also of the view that at least some more undiscovered populations may be present in Western and Central Uttarakhand which otherwise forms large distribution gap in between Eastern Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. Remarks:—Older literature gives erroneous descriptions of flower color in I. glauca. For example, Chowdhery & Wadhwa (1984) describe flowers as “greenish”, and Vivekananthan et al. (1997) as “orange or pale red”. Greenish coloration could be an effect of observation of flower buds or freshly opened flowers. Observations of living material of I. glauca show that spur in fully open flowers is set at angle 10-30 degrees downward in comparison with lower sepal long axis, not parallel to it, as in drawing in Akiyama & Ohba (1993). Vivekananthan et al. (1997) and Pusalkar & Srivastava (2018) give much shorter stature for the species: to 70 cm and 30-80 cm high, respectively; however, Chowdhery & Wadhwa (1984) wrote that it is “high herb”, without detailed data. Specimens from western Nepal (Polunin, Sykes and Williams 5052 and Polunin, Sykes and Williams 405) had annotations “to 5 feet high”. Our observations confirm that I. glauca could reach 1.8 m in late monsoon season. Majority of balsam species has spurred flowers, however there are numerous exceptions. Members of Madagascan section Trimorphopetalum (127 species; Fischer et al. 2017) have always spurless flowers. There are spurless species in North America ( I. ecornuta Gerry Moore, Zika & Rushworth (2012: 60)), Himalaya ( I. gammiei Hook. f. (1905: 16), I. occultans Hook. f. (1905: 17), I. tuberculata Hook. f. & Thomson (1860: 155); Gogoi et al. 2018) and SE Asia ( I. casseabriae Y.H. Tan, S.S. Zhou & B. Yang (2017: 104), I. decurva Ruchis & S.B. Janssens (2018: 64). Several balsams have spurless varieties ( I. radiata var. mindatensis from Myanmar; Akiyama et al. 2018), in some taxa spurred and spurless flowers could be found on the same plant ( I. racemosa DC. (1824: 688); Ruchisansakun et al. 2018). Sterile/abortive inflorescences were observed in Impatiens glauca (Duthie 1886), I. cymbifera Hook. (1875: 474) (Grey-Wilson 1989) and recently in I. sterilis Y.Y. Cong & Y.X. Song (Song et al. 2021: 48). Akiyama & Ohba (2000) described inflorescence of I. glauca as type 9, including multi flowered inflorescences with bracts born in the middle of pedicel. : Published as part of Singh, Harsh, Sharma, Ashutosh & Adamowski, Wojciech, 2022, Impatiens glauca Hook. f. et Thomson-A little known Himalayan species with augmented description and a new spurless variety, pp. 280-286 in Phytotaxa 539 (3) on pages 281-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.539.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6364206 : {"references": ["Friis, I. B. (1981) A synopsis of Girardina (Urticaceae). Kew Bulletin 36 (1): 143 - 157.", "Subramani, S. P., Kapoor, K. S. & Goraya, G. S. (2014) Additions to the floral wealth of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh from Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary. Journal of Threatened Taxa 6 (11): 6427 - 6452. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 2845.6427 - 52", "Chowdhery, H. J. & Wadhwa, B. M. (1984) Flora of Himachal Pradesh. Vol. 1. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta, India, pp. 134 - 139.", "Vivekananthan, K., Rathakrishnan, N. C., Swaminathan, M. S. & Ghara, L. K. (1997) Balsaminaceae. In: Hajra, P. K., Nair, V. J. & Daniel, P. Flora of India (Maphighiaceae-Dichapetalaceae). Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, 4, pp. 95 - 229.", "Akiyama, S. & Ohba, H. (1993) Notes of Impatiens from west Nepal. Journal of Japanese Botany 68 (3): 156 - 158.", "Pusalkar, P. K. & Srivastava, S. K. (2018) Flora of Uttarakhand: Vol. 1: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (Ranunculaceae-Moringaceae), Botanical Survey of India, Kolkotta, pp. 869 - 870.", "Fischer, E., Rahelivololona, M. E. & Abrahamczyk, S. (2017) Impatiens galactica (Balsaminaceae), a new spurless species of section Trimorphopetalum from Madagascar. Phytotaxa 298 (3): 269 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 298.3.6", "Moore, G., Zika, P. F. & Rushworth, C. A. (2012) Impatiens ecornuta, a New Name for Impatiens ecalcarata (Balsaminaceae), a Jewelweed from the United States and Canada. Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 22 (1): 60 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 2011088", "Yang, B., Zhou, S. - S., Maung, K. W. & Tan, Y. - H. (2017) Two new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from Putao, Kachin State, northern Myanmar. Phytotaxa 321 (1): 103 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 321.1.4", "Akiyama, S., Aung, M. M. & Tanaka, N. (2018) A new variety of Impatiens radiata Hook. f. from Myanmar. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B (Botany), Tokyo 44 (4): 159 - 163.", "Duthie, J. F. (1886) Kumaun. The Gardeners Chronicle 25: 456 - 458.", "Grey-Wilson, C. (1989) Impatiens cymbifera and its allies. Studies in Balsaminaceae: 11. Kew Bulletin 44 (4): 711 - 716.", "Song, Y. - X., Cong, Y. - Y., Kuang, R. - P., Peng, Y. - C. & Zheng, Y. - M. (2021) Impatiens sterilis, a rare new species of Impatiens with reduced sterile inflorescences from Yunnan, China. Taiwania 66 (1): 48 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.6165 / tai. 2021.66.48", "Akiyama, S. & Ohba, H. (2000) Inflorescences of the Himalayan species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). Journal of Japanese Botany 75 (4): 226 - 240."]} Text glacier* DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Canada Indian |