Bolbites Harold 1868
BOLBITES HAROLD, 1868 Bolbites Harold, 1868a: 81; Harold, 1869a: 1016; Harold, 1869b: 62; Burmeister, 1874: 129; Jaeger, 1874: 225; Van Lansberge, 1875: 12; Waterhouse, 1891: 59; Fabre, 1899: 74, 95; Kolbe, 1905: 531; Lagôa, 1905: 28; Kolbe, 1907: 31; Enderlein, 1908: 335; Bruch, 1911: 189; Gillet,...
Main Authors: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Text |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
Zenodo
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6354398 https://zenodo.org/record/6354398 |
id |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6354398 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Bolbites |
spellingShingle |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Bolbites Cupello, Mario Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S. Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. Bolbites Harold 1868 |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Bolbites |
description |
BOLBITES HAROLD, 1868 Bolbites Harold, 1868a: 81; Harold, 1869a: 1016; Harold, 1869b: 62; Burmeister, 1874: 129; Jaeger, 1874: 225; Van Lansberge, 1875: 12; Waterhouse, 1891: 59; Fabre, 1899: 74, 95; Kolbe, 1905: 531; Lagôa, 1905: 28; Kolbe, 1907: 31; Enderlein, 1908: 335; Bruch, 1911: 189; Gillet, 1911: 80; Bruch, 1915: 540; Fabre, 1919: 242; Lucas, 1920: 141; d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 9, 12, 17, 19, 57–58, 133, 138; Balthasar, 1941: 350; Pessôa & Lane, 1941: 470; Blackwelder, 1944: 208; Balthasar, 1951: 335; Halffter, 1952: 83; Martínez, 1959: 94; Halffter & Matthews, 1966: 17, 30, 123, 131, 196, 210, 257; Edmonds, 1972: 816, 818, 854; Halffter 1974: 253; Halffter & Edmonds, 1982: 137; Zunino, 1985a: 22–23, fig. 1; Zunino, 1985b: 107, 109, fig. 4; Martínez, 1987: 50; Hanski & Cambefort, 1991: 466; Cabrera Walsh & Gandolfo, 1996: fig. 7; Monteresino et al. , 1996: 109; Philips et al. , 2004: 43, 45, 50–54, 58, figs 6–8; Hamel-Leigue et al. , 2006: 3; Krajcik, 2006: 16; Hamel-Leigue et al. , 2009: 56; Price, 2009: 148; Scholtz, 2009b: 243, 246–248, fig. 12.4; Scholtz et al. , 2009: 537; Vaz-de-Mello & Grossi, 2010: 220; Vaz-de-Mello et al. , 2011: 4, 10, 17, 25, 32, 40, 44; Krajcik, 2012: 54; Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello, 2013: 439, 441–443, 460; Cupello & Vazde-Mello, 2015: 16, 18, 21–23; Tissiani et al. , 2017: 411, 413; Cupello et al. , 2020: 2; Gillett & Toussaint, 2020: 662, 666, 671–672, 676, fig. 3. Bolites [incorrect subsequent spelling]: Fabre, 1919: 268. Type species: Bolbites onitoides Harold, 1868, by original monotypy. Etymology: According to Harold (1869a), the genusgroup name Bolbites is derived from a Greek word supposedly spelled as βῐλβιτον and which he translated into Latin as ‘ stercus ’ (‘dung’). We did not find any word spelled like that in Greek dictionaries, but similar forms such as βόβλιτον ( bóbliton , neuter in gender), βόλβιθος ( bólbithos , masculine), βόλβιτος ( bólbitos , masculine), and βόλιτον ( bóliton , neuter) are listed and indeed translated into English as ‘(of) cow dung’ or ‘cowpat’ (e.g. Liddell & Scott, 1897; Wiktionary, 2020). Therefore, Harold’s translation seems to be correct, even though his exact transliteration of the word into the Latin script (i.e. the spelling Bolbites ) does not correspond to the way that any of the variants we found would be transliterated (see, for example, transliteration guidelines by: Grensted, 1958; Papavero, 1994; Vlachos, 2015). It seems that instead of transliterating one of those words directly, Harold used the stem of the word βόλβιτος (namely, βόλβι-, ‘ bolbi -’) in combination with the Greek masculine suffix -ῑ́της (- ites ), expressing the idea of relationship (Brown, 1956; Papavero, 1994), to render the noun βόλβῑ́της, i.e. Bolbites . An English translation of the genus name is thus ‘the one from the cowpat’. Based on the gender agreement that Harold (1869a) proposed for the adjectival specific name of Gromphas dichroa when he transferred the species to Bolbites (viz., as dichrous ), it is clear that he regarded the grammatical gender of Bolbites as masculine. In reason of the gender of the suffix -ῑ́τηςbeing masculine, a modern interpretation of the gender of Bolbites under Article 30.1.2 of the Code agrees with Harold’s and the name must indeed be treated as masculine. It should be noted that a feminine version of the noun, βόλβῑ́τις(‘ bolbitis ’), is listed in Liddell & Scott (1897) and Brown (1956) as referring to ‘a small kind of cuttle-fish with a strong smell’ (Liddell & Scott, 1897). This ‘strong smell’ was likely the reason for the reference to cow dung in the name of this cephalopod. In any case, there is no evidence that Harold (1868b) derived the name of his new genus from this word; if he had, he would have most probably mentioned it in the etymology given in 1869. Species composition: Authors have been almost unanimous in regarding B. onitoides as the sole extant species of Bolbites. This, as argued below, is indeed correct. The only two exceptions include Harold (1869a), who, in his world Scarabaeidae catalogue, listed Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846 as a second species of Bolbites with no explicit justification. Soon thereafter, Harold (1869b) examined Blanchard’s type material and returned the species to Gromphas , where it indeed belongs (Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello, 2013, 2016). Additionally, Van Lansberge (1875), in his monograph of the onitids, mentioned that one of the two species described by Perty (1830) in Onitis – O. aeruginosus Perty, 1830 or O. chalcomelas Perty, 1830 – should, in fact, belong to Bolbites , but without stating which one, or giving any further explanation. Nevertheless, he was most probably referring to O. aeruginosus , which had already been correctly and independently transferred to Gromphas by Sturm (1843) and Harold (1859) (Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello 2013, 2014a, 2015); O. chalcomelas , in turn, is a Phanaeus MacLeay, 1819 (Edmonds, 1994, and elsewhere). : Published as part of Cupello, Mario, Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S. & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., 2022, The evolution of Bolbites onitoides (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Phanaeini): its phylogenetic significance, geographical polychromatism and the subspecies problem, pp. 973-1034 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 on pages 980-981, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab015 : {"references": ["Harold E. 1868 a. Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen. Coleopterologische Hefte 3: 80 - 86.", "Harold E. 1869 a. Catalogus coleopterorum. Hucusque descriptorum, synonymicus et systematicus. Tom. IV. Scarabaeidae. Munich: E. H. Gummi, 979 - 1346.", "Harold E. 1869 b. Ueber Coprophage Lamellicornien mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Pariser Sammlungen. Coleopterologische Hefte 5: 46 - 70.", "Burmeister H. 1874. Lamellicornia Argentina [Fortsetzung]. Entomologische Zeitung Stettin 35: 120 - 133.", "Jaeger G. 1874. In Sachen Darwin's insbesondere contra Wigand. Ein Beitrag zur Rechtfertigung und Fortbildung der Umwandlungslehre. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung (E. Koch).", "Van Lansberge G. 1875. Monographie des Onitides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 18: 5 - 148.", "Waterhouse CO. 1891. New Scarabaeidae in the British Museum: a fifth contribution. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Sixth Series 8: 53 - 61.", "Fabre J-H. 1899. Souvenirs entomologiques (sixieme serie). Etudes sur l'instict et les moeurs des insectes. Paris: Librairie Ch. Delagrave, 418.", "Kolbe HJ. 1905. Uber die Lebensweise und die geographische Verbreitung der coprophagen Lamellicornier. Zoologischen Jahrbucher, Supplement 8: 475 - 594.", "Lagoa R. 1905. Catalogo do Museu Braga Junior. Rua de S. Lazaro n \u00b0 267 (Palacete Braguinha), Porto (Portugal). Porto: Typographia Progresso, 46.", "Kolbe HJ. 1907. Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise. Coleopteren. Hamburg: L. Friederichsen & Co., 125.", "Enderlein G. 1908. Die Biologische bedeutung der Antarktis. Und ihrer Faunengebiete mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der insektenwelt. Mit Tafel XXXIX und 2 Abbildungen im text. In: von Drygalski E, ed. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition. 1901 - 1903. Im auftrage des reichsamtes des innern. X. Band. Zoologie II. Band. Berlin: Druck und Verlag von Georg Reimer, 323 - 360.", "Bruch C. 1911. Catalogo sistematico de los coleopteros de la Republica Argentina. Revista del Museo de la Plata 17: 143 - 225.", "Gillet JJE. 1911. Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars 38: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. Berlin: W. Junk, 100.", "Bruch C. 1915. Suplemento al catalogo sistematico de los coleopteros de la Republica Argentina. I (addenda, corrigenda y resumen). Revista del Museo de La Plata 19: 538 - 573.", "Fabre J-H. 1919. The glow-worm and other beetles. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 488.", "Lucas R. 1920. Catalogus alphabeticus generum et subgenerum Coleopterorum orbis terrarum totius (famil., trib., subtr., sect. incl.). Pars I. Berlin: Nicolaische.", "d'Olsoufieff G. 1924. Les Phanaeides (Coleoptera - Lamellicornia), famille Scarabaeidae - tr. Coprini. Insecta 13: 4 - 201.", "Balthasar V. 1941. Scarabaeidae Laparostictae (Col.). Beitrage Fauna Perus 1: 337 - 358.", "Pessoa SB, Lane F. 1941. Coleopteros necrofagos de interesse medico-legal. Ensaio monografico sobre a familia Scarabaeidae de S. Paulo e regioes vizinhas. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 2: 389 - 504.", "Blackwelder RE. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185: 189 - 341.", "Balthasar V. 1951. Scarabaeidae Laparostictae (Col.). Beitrage Fauna Perus 2: 322 - 344.", "Halffter G. 1952. Notas sobre el genero Phanaeus. I. Phanaeus quadridens Say, 1835 (Col., Scarab). Ciencia 12: 79 - 86.", "Martinez A. 1959. Catalogo de los Scarabaeidae Argentinos. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ' Bernardino Rivadavia', Ciencias Zoologicas 5: 1 - 126.", "Halffter G, Matthews EG. 1966. The natural history of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Folia Entomologica Mexicana 12 - 14: 1 - 312.", "Edmonds WD. 1972. Comparative skeletal morphology, systematics and evolution of the Phanaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 49: 731 - 874.", "Halffter G, Halffter V, Lopez-Guerrero Y. 1974. Phanaeus behavior: food transportation and bisexual cooperation. Environmental Entomology 3: 341 - 345.", "Halffter G, Edmonds WD. 1982. The nesting behavior of dung beetles (Scarabaeinae). An ecological and evolutive approach. Mexico: Instituto de Ecologia, 176.", "Zunino M. 1985 a. Las relaciones taxonomicas de los Phanaeina (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae) y sus implicancias biogeograficas (resumen). Revista Peruana de Entomologia 26: 21 - 23.", "Zunino M. 1985 b. Las relaciones taxonomicas de los Phanaeina (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae) y sus implicaciones biogeograficas. Folia Entomologica Mexicana 64: 101 - 115.", "Martinez A. 1987. La entomofauna de Scarabaeinae de la provincia de Salta (Col. Scarabaeoidea). Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina 216: 45 - 69.", "Hanski I, Cambefort Y. 1991. Dung beetle ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 481.", "Cabrera Walsh G, Gandolfo D. 1996. Nidification of thirteen common Argentine dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 89: 581 - 588.", "Monteresino E, Martinez A, Zunino M. 1996. Los Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) de la provincia de Cordoba, Argentina. In: di Tada IE, Bucher EH, eds. Biodiversidad de la Provincia de Cordoba. Fauna, Vol. 1. Cordoba: Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, 101 - 117.", "Krajcik M. 2006. Checklist of Scarabaeoidea of the world. 1. Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Anima. X, Supplement 3: 1 - 189.", "Hamel-Leigue AC, Herzog SK, Mann DJ, Larsen TH, Gill BD, Edmonds WD, Spector S. 2009. Distribucion e historia natural de escarabajos de la tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Bolivia. Kempffiana 5: 43 - 95.", "Price DL. 2009. Phylogeny and biogeography of the dung beetle genus Phanaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Systematic Entomology 34: 137 - 150.", "Scholtz CH. 2009 b. Section C. Phylogeny of the Scarabaeinae. In: Scholtz CH, Davis ALV, Kryger U, eds. Evolutionary biology and conservation of dung beetles. Sofia: Pensoft Publishers, 225 - 327.", "Scholtz CH, Davis ALV, Kryger U. 2009. Evolutionary biology and conservation of dung beetles. Sofia: Pensoft Publishers, 567.", "Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Edmonds WD, Ocampo FC, Schoolmeesters P. 2011. A multilingual key to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Zootaxa 2854: 1 - 73.", "Krajcik M. 2012. Checklist of the world Scarabaeoidea. Anima. X, Supplement 5: 1 - 278.", "Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina). Zootaxa 3722: 439 - 482.", "Tissiani ASO, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Campelo-Junior JH. 2017. Besouros rola-bostas das pastagens brasileiras e chave para identificacao dos generos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 52: 401 - 418.", "Cupello M, Ribeiro-Costa CS, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2020. Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 603: 1 - 85.", "Gillett CPT, Toussaint EFA. 2020. Macroevolution and shifts in the feeding biology of the New World scarab beetle tribe Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 130: 661 - 682.", "Liddell HG, Scott R. 1897. A Greek-English lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout with the cooperation of professor Drisler, of Columbia College, New York, 8 th edn. New York: Harper & Brothers.", "Wiktionary. 2020. Wiktionary. Available at: https: // en. wiktionary. org / wiki / (last accessed on 29 October 2020).", "Grensted LW. 1958. Case N \u00b0 67. Existing ' Regles': action proposed to be taken by the London (1958) Congress for the purpose of consolidating in the revised ' Regles' the provisions appearing in section ' F' of the ' Appendice' to the existing ' Regles'. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 15: 1110 - 1113.", "Papavero N. 1994. Rudimentos de grego. In: Papavero N, ed. Fundamentos praticos de taxonomia zoologica (colecoes, bibliografia, nomenclatura). Sao Paulo: Editora Unesp, 151 - 167.", "Vlachos E. 2015. Forming taxon names from Greek words. Bionomina 9: 1 - 26.", "Brown RW. 1956. Composition of scientific words. A manual of methods and a lexicon of materials for the practice of logotechnics. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 882.", "Harold E. 1868 b. Monographie der gattung Canthon. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 1 - 144.", "Perty JAM. 1830. Insecta brasiliensia, pp. 1 - 60. In: Perty JAM, ed. 1830 - 1833. Delectus animalium articulatorum, quae in intinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martius. Munich: Privately published.", "Sturm J. 1843. Catalog der Kaefer-Sammlung von Jacob Sturm. Nuremberg: Privately published.", "Harold E. 1859. Beitrage zur kenntnis einiger coprophagen Lamellicornien. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 3: 193 - 224.", "Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2014 a. Correction of the type species of the South American genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Zootaxa 3790: 399 - 400.", "Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2015. A new species and the phylogeny of the South American genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Journal of Natural History (online edition): 1 - 27.", "Edmonds WD. 1994. Revision of Phanaeus MacLeay, a New World genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science 443: 1 - 105."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Cupello, Mario Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S. Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. |
author_facet |
Cupello, Mario Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S. Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. |
author_sort |
Cupello, Mario |
title |
Bolbites Harold 1868 |
title_short |
Bolbites Harold 1868 |
title_full |
Bolbites Harold 1868 |
title_fullStr |
Bolbites Harold 1868 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bolbites Harold 1868 |
title_sort |
bolbites harold 1868 |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6354398 https://zenodo.org/record/6354398 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-62.083,-62.083,-64.733,-64.733) ENVELOPE(-62.183,-62.183,-64.650,-64.650) ENVELOPE(-57.050,-57.050,-84.050,-84.050) ENVELOPE(-63.567,-63.567,-64.850,-64.850) ENVELOPE(-86.200,-86.200,-77.800,-77.800) ENVELOPE(-61.000,-61.000,-64.717,-64.717) ENVELOPE(162.967,162.967,-71.050,-71.050) ENVELOPE(155.700,155.700,-81.417,-81.417) ENVELOPE(14.750,14.750,64.583,64.583) ENVELOPE(-64.300,-64.300,-66.633,-66.633) ENVELOPE(31.383,31.383,-72.567,-72.567) ENVELOPE(-62.033,-62.033,-64.550,-64.550) ENVELOPE(41.750,41.750,63.967,63.967) |
geographic |
Argentino Argentina Argentine Blanchard Martínez Harper Lopez Reimer Drygalski Sturm Waterhouse Rua Friederichsen Gillet Ocampo Zunino |
geographic_facet |
Argentino Argentina Argentine Blanchard Martínez Harper Lopez Reimer Drygalski Sturm Waterhouse Rua Friederichsen Gillet Ocampo Zunino |
genre |
Antarktis* |
genre_facet |
Antarktis* |
op_relation |
http://publication.plazi.org/id/DB31284EDC00FFFC3E380D0BDB22FFF3 http://zoobank.org/42E7A370-FCD8-492A-8604-C42863BDE6E2 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab015 http://publication.plazi.org/id/DB31284EDC00FFFC3E380D0BDB22FFF3 http://zoobank.org/42E7A370-FCD8-492A-8604-C42863BDE6E2 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6354399 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit |
op_rights |
Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6354398 https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab015 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6354399 |
_version_ |
1766287580658139136 |
spelling |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6354398 2023-05-15T14:15:10+02:00 Bolbites Harold 1868 Cupello, Mario Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S. Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. 2021 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6354398 https://zenodo.org/record/6354398 unknown Zenodo http://publication.plazi.org/id/DB31284EDC00FFFC3E380D0BDB22FFF3 http://zoobank.org/42E7A370-FCD8-492A-8604-C42863BDE6E2 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab015 http://publication.plazi.org/id/DB31284EDC00FFFC3E380D0BDB22FFF3 http://zoobank.org/42E7A370-FCD8-492A-8604-C42863BDE6E2 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6354399 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC0 Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Bolbites article-journal ScholarlyArticle Taxonomic treatment Text 2021 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6354398 https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab015 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6354399 2022-04-01T14:46:32Z BOLBITES HAROLD, 1868 Bolbites Harold, 1868a: 81; Harold, 1869a: 1016; Harold, 1869b: 62; Burmeister, 1874: 129; Jaeger, 1874: 225; Van Lansberge, 1875: 12; Waterhouse, 1891: 59; Fabre, 1899: 74, 95; Kolbe, 1905: 531; Lagôa, 1905: 28; Kolbe, 1907: 31; Enderlein, 1908: 335; Bruch, 1911: 189; Gillet, 1911: 80; Bruch, 1915: 540; Fabre, 1919: 242; Lucas, 1920: 141; d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 9, 12, 17, 19, 57–58, 133, 138; Balthasar, 1941: 350; Pessôa & Lane, 1941: 470; Blackwelder, 1944: 208; Balthasar, 1951: 335; Halffter, 1952: 83; Martínez, 1959: 94; Halffter & Matthews, 1966: 17, 30, 123, 131, 196, 210, 257; Edmonds, 1972: 816, 818, 854; Halffter 1974: 253; Halffter & Edmonds, 1982: 137; Zunino, 1985a: 22–23, fig. 1; Zunino, 1985b: 107, 109, fig. 4; Martínez, 1987: 50; Hanski & Cambefort, 1991: 466; Cabrera Walsh & Gandolfo, 1996: fig. 7; Monteresino et al. , 1996: 109; Philips et al. , 2004: 43, 45, 50–54, 58, figs 6–8; Hamel-Leigue et al. , 2006: 3; Krajcik, 2006: 16; Hamel-Leigue et al. , 2009: 56; Price, 2009: 148; Scholtz, 2009b: 243, 246–248, fig. 12.4; Scholtz et al. , 2009: 537; Vaz-de-Mello & Grossi, 2010: 220; Vaz-de-Mello et al. , 2011: 4, 10, 17, 25, 32, 40, 44; Krajcik, 2012: 54; Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello, 2013: 439, 441–443, 460; Cupello & Vazde-Mello, 2015: 16, 18, 21–23; Tissiani et al. , 2017: 411, 413; Cupello et al. , 2020: 2; Gillett & Toussaint, 2020: 662, 666, 671–672, 676, fig. 3. Bolites [incorrect subsequent spelling]: Fabre, 1919: 268. Type species: Bolbites onitoides Harold, 1868, by original monotypy. Etymology: According to Harold (1869a), the genusgroup name Bolbites is derived from a Greek word supposedly spelled as βῐλβιτον and which he translated into Latin as ‘ stercus ’ (‘dung’). We did not find any word spelled like that in Greek dictionaries, but similar forms such as βόβλιτον ( bóbliton , neuter in gender), βόλβιθος ( bólbithos , masculine), βόλβιτος ( bólbitos , masculine), and βόλιτον ( bóliton , neuter) are listed and indeed translated into English as ‘(of) cow dung’ or ‘cowpat’ (e.g. Liddell & Scott, 1897; Wiktionary, 2020). Therefore, Harold’s translation seems to be correct, even though his exact transliteration of the word into the Latin script (i.e. the spelling Bolbites ) does not correspond to the way that any of the variants we found would be transliterated (see, for example, transliteration guidelines by: Grensted, 1958; Papavero, 1994; Vlachos, 2015). It seems that instead of transliterating one of those words directly, Harold used the stem of the word βόλβιτος (namely, βόλβι-, ‘ bolbi -’) in combination with the Greek masculine suffix -ῑ́της (- ites ), expressing the idea of relationship (Brown, 1956; Papavero, 1994), to render the noun βόλβῑ́της, i.e. Bolbites . An English translation of the genus name is thus ‘the one from the cowpat’. Based on the gender agreement that Harold (1869a) proposed for the adjectival specific name of Gromphas dichroa when he transferred the species to Bolbites (viz., as dichrous ), it is clear that he regarded the grammatical gender of Bolbites as masculine. In reason of the gender of the suffix -ῑ́τηςbeing masculine, a modern interpretation of the gender of Bolbites under Article 30.1.2 of the Code agrees with Harold’s and the name must indeed be treated as masculine. It should be noted that a feminine version of the noun, βόλβῑ́τις(‘ bolbitis ’), is listed in Liddell & Scott (1897) and Brown (1956) as referring to ‘a small kind of cuttle-fish with a strong smell’ (Liddell & Scott, 1897). This ‘strong smell’ was likely the reason for the reference to cow dung in the name of this cephalopod. In any case, there is no evidence that Harold (1868b) derived the name of his new genus from this word; if he had, he would have most probably mentioned it in the etymology given in 1869. Species composition: Authors have been almost unanimous in regarding B. onitoides as the sole extant species of Bolbites. This, as argued below, is indeed correct. The only two exceptions include Harold (1869a), who, in his world Scarabaeidae catalogue, listed Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846 as a second species of Bolbites with no explicit justification. Soon thereafter, Harold (1869b) examined Blanchard’s type material and returned the species to Gromphas , where it indeed belongs (Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello, 2013, 2016). Additionally, Van Lansberge (1875), in his monograph of the onitids, mentioned that one of the two species described by Perty (1830) in Onitis – O. aeruginosus Perty, 1830 or O. chalcomelas Perty, 1830 – should, in fact, belong to Bolbites , but without stating which one, or giving any further explanation. Nevertheless, he was most probably referring to O. aeruginosus , which had already been correctly and independently transferred to Gromphas by Sturm (1843) and Harold (1859) (Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello 2013, 2014a, 2015); O. chalcomelas , in turn, is a Phanaeus MacLeay, 1819 (Edmonds, 1994, and elsewhere). : Published as part of Cupello, Mario, Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S. & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., 2022, The evolution of Bolbites onitoides (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Phanaeini): its phylogenetic significance, geographical polychromatism and the subspecies problem, pp. 973-1034 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 on pages 980-981, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab015 : {"references": ["Harold E. 1868 a. Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen. Coleopterologische Hefte 3: 80 - 86.", "Harold E. 1869 a. Catalogus coleopterorum. Hucusque descriptorum, synonymicus et systematicus. Tom. IV. Scarabaeidae. Munich: E. H. Gummi, 979 - 1346.", "Harold E. 1869 b. Ueber Coprophage Lamellicornien mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Pariser Sammlungen. Coleopterologische Hefte 5: 46 - 70.", "Burmeister H. 1874. Lamellicornia Argentina [Fortsetzung]. Entomologische Zeitung Stettin 35: 120 - 133.", "Jaeger G. 1874. In Sachen Darwin's insbesondere contra Wigand. Ein Beitrag zur Rechtfertigung und Fortbildung der Umwandlungslehre. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung (E. Koch).", "Van Lansberge G. 1875. Monographie des Onitides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 18: 5 - 148.", "Waterhouse CO. 1891. New Scarabaeidae in the British Museum: a fifth contribution. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Sixth Series 8: 53 - 61.", "Fabre J-H. 1899. Souvenirs entomologiques (sixieme serie). Etudes sur l'instict et les moeurs des insectes. Paris: Librairie Ch. Delagrave, 418.", "Kolbe HJ. 1905. Uber die Lebensweise und die geographische Verbreitung der coprophagen Lamellicornier. Zoologischen Jahrbucher, Supplement 8: 475 - 594.", "Lagoa R. 1905. Catalogo do Museu Braga Junior. Rua de S. Lazaro n \u00b0 267 (Palacete Braguinha), Porto (Portugal). Porto: Typographia Progresso, 46.", "Kolbe HJ. 1907. Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise. Coleopteren. Hamburg: L. Friederichsen & Co., 125.", "Enderlein G. 1908. Die Biologische bedeutung der Antarktis. Und ihrer Faunengebiete mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der insektenwelt. Mit Tafel XXXIX und 2 Abbildungen im text. In: von Drygalski E, ed. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition. 1901 - 1903. Im auftrage des reichsamtes des innern. X. Band. Zoologie II. Band. Berlin: Druck und Verlag von Georg Reimer, 323 - 360.", "Bruch C. 1911. Catalogo sistematico de los coleopteros de la Republica Argentina. Revista del Museo de la Plata 17: 143 - 225.", "Gillet JJE. 1911. Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars 38: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. Berlin: W. Junk, 100.", "Bruch C. 1915. Suplemento al catalogo sistematico de los coleopteros de la Republica Argentina. I (addenda, corrigenda y resumen). Revista del Museo de La Plata 19: 538 - 573.", "Fabre J-H. 1919. The glow-worm and other beetles. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 488.", "Lucas R. 1920. Catalogus alphabeticus generum et subgenerum Coleopterorum orbis terrarum totius (famil., trib., subtr., sect. incl.). Pars I. Berlin: Nicolaische.", "d'Olsoufieff G. 1924. Les Phanaeides (Coleoptera - Lamellicornia), famille Scarabaeidae - tr. Coprini. Insecta 13: 4 - 201.", "Balthasar V. 1941. Scarabaeidae Laparostictae (Col.). Beitrage Fauna Perus 1: 337 - 358.", "Pessoa SB, Lane F. 1941. Coleopteros necrofagos de interesse medico-legal. Ensaio monografico sobre a familia Scarabaeidae de S. Paulo e regioes vizinhas. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 2: 389 - 504.", "Blackwelder RE. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185: 189 - 341.", "Balthasar V. 1951. Scarabaeidae Laparostictae (Col.). Beitrage Fauna Perus 2: 322 - 344.", "Halffter G. 1952. Notas sobre el genero Phanaeus. I. Phanaeus quadridens Say, 1835 (Col., Scarab). Ciencia 12: 79 - 86.", "Martinez A. 1959. Catalogo de los Scarabaeidae Argentinos. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ' Bernardino Rivadavia', Ciencias Zoologicas 5: 1 - 126.", "Halffter G, Matthews EG. 1966. The natural history of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Folia Entomologica Mexicana 12 - 14: 1 - 312.", "Edmonds WD. 1972. Comparative skeletal morphology, systematics and evolution of the Phanaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 49: 731 - 874.", "Halffter G, Halffter V, Lopez-Guerrero Y. 1974. Phanaeus behavior: food transportation and bisexual cooperation. Environmental Entomology 3: 341 - 345.", "Halffter G, Edmonds WD. 1982. The nesting behavior of dung beetles (Scarabaeinae). An ecological and evolutive approach. Mexico: Instituto de Ecologia, 176.", "Zunino M. 1985 a. Las relaciones taxonomicas de los Phanaeina (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae) y sus implicancias biogeograficas (resumen). Revista Peruana de Entomologia 26: 21 - 23.", "Zunino M. 1985 b. Las relaciones taxonomicas de los Phanaeina (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae) y sus implicaciones biogeograficas. Folia Entomologica Mexicana 64: 101 - 115.", "Martinez A. 1987. La entomofauna de Scarabaeinae de la provincia de Salta (Col. Scarabaeoidea). Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina 216: 45 - 69.", "Hanski I, Cambefort Y. 1991. Dung beetle ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 481.", "Cabrera Walsh G, Gandolfo D. 1996. Nidification of thirteen common Argentine dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 89: 581 - 588.", "Monteresino E, Martinez A, Zunino M. 1996. Los Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) de la provincia de Cordoba, Argentina. In: di Tada IE, Bucher EH, eds. Biodiversidad de la Provincia de Cordoba. Fauna, Vol. 1. Cordoba: Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, 101 - 117.", "Krajcik M. 2006. Checklist of Scarabaeoidea of the world. 1. Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Anima. X, Supplement 3: 1 - 189.", "Hamel-Leigue AC, Herzog SK, Mann DJ, Larsen TH, Gill BD, Edmonds WD, Spector S. 2009. Distribucion e historia natural de escarabajos de la tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Bolivia. Kempffiana 5: 43 - 95.", "Price DL. 2009. Phylogeny and biogeography of the dung beetle genus Phanaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Systematic Entomology 34: 137 - 150.", "Scholtz CH. 2009 b. Section C. Phylogeny of the Scarabaeinae. In: Scholtz CH, Davis ALV, Kryger U, eds. Evolutionary biology and conservation of dung beetles. Sofia: Pensoft Publishers, 225 - 327.", "Scholtz CH, Davis ALV, Kryger U. 2009. Evolutionary biology and conservation of dung beetles. Sofia: Pensoft Publishers, 567.", "Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Edmonds WD, Ocampo FC, Schoolmeesters P. 2011. A multilingual key to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Zootaxa 2854: 1 - 73.", "Krajcik M. 2012. Checklist of the world Scarabaeoidea. Anima. X, Supplement 5: 1 - 278.", "Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina). Zootaxa 3722: 439 - 482.", "Tissiani ASO, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Campelo-Junior JH. 2017. Besouros rola-bostas das pastagens brasileiras e chave para identificacao dos generos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 52: 401 - 418.", "Cupello M, Ribeiro-Costa CS, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2020. Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 603: 1 - 85.", "Gillett CPT, Toussaint EFA. 2020. Macroevolution and shifts in the feeding biology of the New World scarab beetle tribe Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 130: 661 - 682.", "Liddell HG, Scott R. 1897. A Greek-English lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout with the cooperation of professor Drisler, of Columbia College, New York, 8 th edn. New York: Harper & Brothers.", "Wiktionary. 2020. Wiktionary. Available at: https: // en. wiktionary. org / wiki / (last accessed on 29 October 2020).", "Grensted LW. 1958. Case N \u00b0 67. Existing ' Regles': action proposed to be taken by the London (1958) Congress for the purpose of consolidating in the revised ' Regles' the provisions appearing in section ' F' of the ' Appendice' to the existing ' Regles'. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 15: 1110 - 1113.", "Papavero N. 1994. Rudimentos de grego. In: Papavero N, ed. Fundamentos praticos de taxonomia zoologica (colecoes, bibliografia, nomenclatura). Sao Paulo: Editora Unesp, 151 - 167.", "Vlachos E. 2015. Forming taxon names from Greek words. Bionomina 9: 1 - 26.", "Brown RW. 1956. Composition of scientific words. A manual of methods and a lexicon of materials for the practice of logotechnics. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 882.", "Harold E. 1868 b. Monographie der gattung Canthon. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 1 - 144.", "Perty JAM. 1830. Insecta brasiliensia, pp. 1 - 60. In: Perty JAM, ed. 1830 - 1833. Delectus animalium articulatorum, quae in intinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martius. Munich: Privately published.", "Sturm J. 1843. Catalog der Kaefer-Sammlung von Jacob Sturm. Nuremberg: Privately published.", "Harold E. 1859. Beitrage zur kenntnis einiger coprophagen Lamellicornien. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 3: 193 - 224.", "Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2014 a. Correction of the type species of the South American genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Zootaxa 3790: 399 - 400.", "Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2015. A new species and the phylogeny of the South American genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Journal of Natural History (online edition): 1 - 27.", "Edmonds WD. 1994. Revision of Phanaeus MacLeay, a New World genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science 443: 1 - 105."]} Text Antarktis* DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Argentino Argentina Argentine Blanchard ENVELOPE(-62.083,-62.083,-64.733,-64.733) Martínez ENVELOPE(-62.183,-62.183,-64.650,-64.650) Harper ENVELOPE(-57.050,-57.050,-84.050,-84.050) Lopez ENVELOPE(-63.567,-63.567,-64.850,-64.850) Reimer ENVELOPE(-86.200,-86.200,-77.800,-77.800) Drygalski ENVELOPE(-61.000,-61.000,-64.717,-64.717) Sturm ENVELOPE(162.967,162.967,-71.050,-71.050) Waterhouse ENVELOPE(155.700,155.700,-81.417,-81.417) Rua ENVELOPE(14.750,14.750,64.583,64.583) Friederichsen ENVELOPE(-64.300,-64.300,-66.633,-66.633) Gillet ENVELOPE(31.383,31.383,-72.567,-72.567) Ocampo ENVELOPE(-62.033,-62.033,-64.550,-64.550) Zunino ENVELOPE(41.750,41.750,63.967,63.967) |