Formica pratensis Retzius
62. Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783 Figs. 170,175, 256-262. Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783: 75; Betrem, 1965. Formica nigricans Emery; Yarrow, 1955; Betrem, 1960. Worker. Bicoloured with gaster, occiput and frons matt black, not shining; gaster more or less thickly pubescent. Black patch on promeso...
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6283922 2023-05-15T16:11:37+02:00 Formica pratensis Retzius Collingwood, C. A. 1979 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6283922 https://zenodo.org/record/6283922 unknown Zenodo http://publication.plazi.org/id/BD3B0D337E1DDAA0E4761CC6B14CB110 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit http://publication.plazi.org/id/BD3B0D337E1DDAA0E4761CC6B14CB110 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6283921 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC0 Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Formica Formica pratensis article-journal ScholarlyArticle Taxonomic treatment Text 1979 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6283922 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6283921 2022-04-01T12:39:03Z 62. Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783 Figs. 170,175, 256-262. Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783: 75; Betrem, 1965. Formica nigricans Emery; Yarrow, 1955; Betrem, 1960. Worker. Bicoloured with gaster, occiput and frons matt black, not shining; gaster more or less thickly pubescent. Black patch on promesonotum variable but in typical specimens clearly demarcated. Eyes thickly haired; occiput with short to medium length fringing hairs, sometimes reduced to very few. Antennal scapes without protruding hairs. Femora and tibiae fringed with hairs on extensor surfaces. Length: 4.5-9.5 mm. Queen. As worker with all dark areas pubescent, closely sculptured and matt. Basal face of gaster and occiput with short hairs, sometimes difficult to discern or absent. Length: 9.5-11.3 mm. Male. Matt black with pubescent gaster. Suberect hairs present on dorsum of all gaster tergites and extensor surfaces of femora and tibiae. Eye and outstanding genal hairs below eyes always plentiful and prominent. Length: 9.5-11.5 mm. Distribution: Locally common in Denmark (only recorded from Jutland) and Southern Fennoscandia to latitude 63°. - Rare in South England. - Range: Portugal to Siberia, North Italy to Central Sweden. Biology. This is the black backed meadow ant characteristic of rough alpine pastures but also common on woodland borders and scrubby heathland throughout lowland Europe and South Fennoscandia. Colonies are isolated single nests with one or very few queens. Jensen (1977) gives population estimates for this species in Denmark of up to 60,000 workers. Nests are smaller than with F. rufa and other species of this group and nest materials are coarser. A morphologically indistinguishable form 'pratensoides' Gösswald (1951), which is polygynous with many grouped nests, occurs locally in Germany and the Netherlands, often in shaded woodland, but has not been recorded from Denmark or Fennoscandia. Brood development begins later in the spring with sexuals normally appearing in July. : Published as part of Collingwood, C. A., 1979, The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark., pp. 1-174 in Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 8 on pages 152-153 Text Fennoscandia Siberia DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Formica Formica pratensis |
spellingShingle |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Formica Formica pratensis Collingwood, C. A. Formica pratensis Retzius |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Formica Formica pratensis |
description |
62. Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783 Figs. 170,175, 256-262. Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783: 75; Betrem, 1965. Formica nigricans Emery; Yarrow, 1955; Betrem, 1960. Worker. Bicoloured with gaster, occiput and frons matt black, not shining; gaster more or less thickly pubescent. Black patch on promesonotum variable but in typical specimens clearly demarcated. Eyes thickly haired; occiput with short to medium length fringing hairs, sometimes reduced to very few. Antennal scapes without protruding hairs. Femora and tibiae fringed with hairs on extensor surfaces. Length: 4.5-9.5 mm. Queen. As worker with all dark areas pubescent, closely sculptured and matt. Basal face of gaster and occiput with short hairs, sometimes difficult to discern or absent. Length: 9.5-11.3 mm. Male. Matt black with pubescent gaster. Suberect hairs present on dorsum of all gaster tergites and extensor surfaces of femora and tibiae. Eye and outstanding genal hairs below eyes always plentiful and prominent. Length: 9.5-11.5 mm. Distribution: Locally common in Denmark (only recorded from Jutland) and Southern Fennoscandia to latitude 63°. - Rare in South England. - Range: Portugal to Siberia, North Italy to Central Sweden. Biology. This is the black backed meadow ant characteristic of rough alpine pastures but also common on woodland borders and scrubby heathland throughout lowland Europe and South Fennoscandia. Colonies are isolated single nests with one or very few queens. Jensen (1977) gives population estimates for this species in Denmark of up to 60,000 workers. Nests are smaller than with F. rufa and other species of this group and nest materials are coarser. A morphologically indistinguishable form 'pratensoides' Gösswald (1951), which is polygynous with many grouped nests, occurs locally in Germany and the Netherlands, often in shaded woodland, but has not been recorded from Denmark or Fennoscandia. Brood development begins later in the spring with sexuals normally appearing in July. : Published as part of Collingwood, C. A., 1979, The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark., pp. 1-174 in Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 8 on pages 152-153 |
format |
Text |
author |
Collingwood, C. A. |
author_facet |
Collingwood, C. A. |
author_sort |
Collingwood, C. A. |
title |
Formica pratensis Retzius |
title_short |
Formica pratensis Retzius |
title_full |
Formica pratensis Retzius |
title_fullStr |
Formica pratensis Retzius |
title_full_unstemmed |
Formica pratensis Retzius |
title_sort |
formica pratensis retzius |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
1979 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6283922 https://zenodo.org/record/6283922 |
genre |
Fennoscandia Siberia |
genre_facet |
Fennoscandia Siberia |
op_relation |
http://publication.plazi.org/id/BD3B0D337E1DDAA0E4761CC6B14CB110 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit http://publication.plazi.org/id/BD3B0D337E1DDAA0E4761CC6B14CB110 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6283921 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit |
op_rights |
Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6283922 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6283921 |
_version_ |
1765996768276774912 |