Proceraea madeirensis
Proceraea madeirensis nom. n. (Fig. 15 A–B) Proceraea fasciata Langerhans, 1879: 581, fig. 33 A–C. Junior homonym of Nereis fasciata Bosc, 1802. ? Autolytus (Proceraea) fasciata Augener 1913: 264 –265. ? Proceraea fasciata Westheide 1974: 323 –325, figs 61–62; HartmannSchröder 1987: 44 –45, figs 20...
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae Proceraea Proceraea madeirensis |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae Proceraea Proceraea madeirensis Nygren, Arne Proceraea madeirensis |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae Proceraea Proceraea madeirensis |
description |
Proceraea madeirensis nom. n. (Fig. 15 A–B) Proceraea fasciata Langerhans, 1879: 581, fig. 33 A–C. Junior homonym of Nereis fasciata Bosc, 1802. ? Autolytus (Proceraea) fasciata Augener 1913: 264 –265. ? Proceraea fasciata Westheide 1974: 323 –325, figs 61–62; HartmannSchröder 1987: 44 –45, figs 20–22. Material examined . Madeira : holotype NHMW 2512. Diagnosis . Proceraea with brown intrasegmental bands; antennae, dorsal tentacular cirri, and first dorsal cirri brown. Description . Holotype on slide, in poor condition, dried, length 4.2 mm for 35 chaetigers, width 0.7 mm (compressed specimen). Preserved material brown, no colour markings. Live specimens with brown intrasegmental bands, as well as brown antennae, dorsal tentacular cirri and first dorsal cirri (Langerhans 1879). Ciliation not possible to assess. Eyes faded, not seen. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1 / 3 of prostomial length (Fig. 15 A), fused. Nuchal epaulettes extending to beginning of first chaetiger. Anterior appendages curled, not evaluated. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, 1 / 5 – 1 / 4 of body width. Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri not possible to assess, cirrophores on other cirri absent. All appendages cylindrical. Parapodial lobes small. Aciculae not seen. Chaetal fascicle with 6–7 compounds in anterior chaetigers, 4–5 in median and posterior. Compound chaetae in median chaetigers with large distal tooth (Fig. 15 B), anterior chaetigers not possible to examine; serration present. Single thick bayonet chaetae, (Fig. 15 B), beginning at chaetiger 20. Pharynx with sinuation anterior to proventricle (Fig. 15 A). Trepan in chaetiger 4 (Fig. 15 A) with 18 unequal teeth, 9 large and 9 smaller; 1 large alternating with 1 small, arranged in 2 rings. Basal ring present; infradental spines absent. Proventricle equal in length to 3–4 segments in chaetigers 7–10, with 55–60 rows of muscle cells. Pygidium with 2 anal cirri. Reproduction . Unknown. Habitat . Intertidal, amongst algae. Distribution . North East Atlantic. Madeira. Remarks . The identity of Augener's, Westheide's and HartmannSchröder's specimens to Langerhans' taxon is doubtful. Both Westheide and HartmannSchröder describe unidentate chaetae on their specimens, the latter author also examined specimens collected by Augener and found unidentate chaetae in these; this type of chaetae are not present in the holotype and are not described by Langerhans. In addition Augener and Westheide describe the brown transverse bands to be intersegmental rather than intrasegmental. New material from Madeira or from the vicinity is needed to get a more accurate description and opinion of the taxon. Etymology . Langerhans' species has long been a junior homonym to P. fasciata (Bosc, 1802), and the new name madeirensis is introduced, meaning "from Madeira". Proceraea micropedata (HartmannSchröder, 1962) (Fig. 16 A–C) Odontosyllis micropedata HartmannSchröder, 1962: 100 –103, figs 87–92. Proceraea micropedata Orensanz 1974: 28. Material examined . Chile : holotype ZMH P 14762, mouth of Rio Andalien, algae and barnacles, 10 Mar 1960. Diagnosis . Proceraea with egg shaped dorsal cirri (see remarks). Description . Holotype incomplete anterior fragment, length 1.9 mm for 13 chaetigers, width 0.5 mm. Preserved material brown, without colour markings. Ciliation not possible to assess. Eyes separated; eye spots absent. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1 / 3 of prostomial length (Fig. 16 A), fused. Extension of nuchal epaulettes to end of tentacular segment. Median antenna reaching chaetiger 5–6. Lateral antennae and dorsal tentacular cirri, length 2 / 3 of median antenna. Ventral tentacular cirri 2 / 3 as long as dorsal pair. First dorsal cirri as long as median antenna, second dorsal cirri 2 / 3 as long as ventral tentacular cirri. Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, c. 1 / 5 of body width. Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. Anterior appendages cylindrical, dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3 egg shaped (Fig. 16 A). Parapodial lobes rounded, small. All chaetigers with 1–2 aciculae. Chaetal fascicle with 8–9 compounds. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth (Fig. 16 B, C); serration present. Single thick bayonet chaetae (Fig. 16 B), beginning at chaetiger 1. Pharynx with 1 sinuation anterior to proventricle. Trepan in chaetiger 1 with 18 unequal teeth, 9 large and 9 smaller; 1 large alternating with 1 small, arranged in 2 rings. Basal ring present; infradental spines absent. Proventricle equal in length to 2.5 segments in chaetiger 3–5, with c. 30 rows of muscle cells. Pygidium lost. Reproduction . Schizogamy by anterior scissiparity behind chaetiger 13 (Hartmann Schröder 1962). Habitat . Amongst algae, barnacles, Mytilus . Distribution . South East Pacific. From central Chile to Magellan Strait. Remarks . Only the holotype could be located in the Museum of Hamburg, so the material of this species is restricted to one anterior fragment. The egg shaped dorsal cirri could be a distinguishing character but in the description the paratype is drawn with cylindrical dorsal cirri. In other respects the taxon is very similar to other Proceraea with short nuchal epaulettes and similar compounds, foremost P. cornuta , P. okadai and P. nigropunctata . At present it can not be determined if any of these taxa are the same as P. micropedata . Proceraea micropedata was described as having ventral cirri and, perhaps for this reason, referred to Odontosyllis , but these structures (HartmannSchröder 1962: fig. 88) could not be detected. Proceraea misakiensis (Imajima, 1966) comb. n. (Fig. 17 A–C) Autolytus (Regulatus) misakiensis Imajima, 1966: 61 –63, fig. 18 A–H. Material examined . Japan : 1 paratype NSMTPol P 16, Misaki, Onagawa, intertidal, Apr 1964. Diagnosis . Proceraea without colour markings, and with large distal tooth in the compound chaetae of median, and posterior chaetigers. Description . Paratype complete, length 9.2 mm for 94 chaetigers, width 0.4 mm. Live specimens orange (Imajima 1966). Preserved material whitish without colour markings; eyes brownish red. Ciliation not possible to assess. Eyes confluent; eye spots absent. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1 / 4 – 1 / 3 of prostomial length, fused. Nuchal epaulettes extending over anterior part of chaetiger 1. Antennae and anterior appendages curled, not possible to assess (Fig. 17 A). Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, 1 / 3 – 1 / 4 of body width (Fig. 17 A). Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. All appendages cylindrical (Fig. 17 A). Parapodial lobes rounded conical, small. Anterior chaetigers with 2 aciculae, 1 in median and posterior. Chaetal fascicle with 10 compounds in anterior chaetigers, 6–10 in median and posterior. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth in anterior 5 chaetigers, more posterior with large distal tooth (Fig. 17 B); serration present. Single thick bayonet chaetae (Fig. 17 C), beginning at chaetiger 7. Pharynx dissected. Proventricle equal in length to 3 segments (Fig. 17 A) in chaetiger 7–9 with c. 40 rows of muscle cells. Anal cirri equal in length to dorsal cirri. Reproduction . Unknown. Additional information . Imajima (1966) described the trepan as having 18 unequal teeth, 9 large and 9 smaller; 1 large alternating with 1 small, arranged in 2 rings. Habitat . Intertidal. Distribution . North West Pacific. Central Japan, Misaki, Onagawa. Remarks . Imajima described the colour as orange in P. misakiensis , hence lacking colour markings. Similar species without distinct colour markings, with nuchal epaulettes reaching over anterior part of chaetiger 1, and similar chaetae with large distal tooth, includes P. gigantea , P. aurantiaca and P. paraurantiaca . Proceraea gigantea has large trepan teeth but the size of these is not known for P. misakiensis . Proceraea paraurantiaca has a distinctive ciliated ridge on their palps, not found in P. misakiensis . Proceraea aurantiaca may also be a close relative, and with present material it is not possible to separate P. misakiensis from either of P. aurantiaca or P. gigantea . Proceraea monoceros (Ehlers, 1907) comb. n. (Fig. 18 A–B) Pterautolytus monoceros Ehlers, 1907: 8 –10, figs 1–3. Autolytus monoceros Augener 1924 a: 60 –63; 1924 b: 396–399; Benham 1927: 61.? Autolytus monoceros Fauvel 1934: 313 –314. (= Proceraea vulgaria according to Imajima 1966). Material examined . New Zealand : holotype ZMB 6747, Port Chalmers. Diagnosis . Proceraea with nuchal epaulettes reaching end of chaetiger 1 and with a conical tubercle on dorsum of second segment. Description . Holotype almost complete, lacking posteriormost end; length c. 20 mm for 87 chaetigers, width 0.8 mm. Preserved material brown; eyes reddish brown. Ciliation not possible to assess. Eyes separated; eye spots absent. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1 / 3 of prostomial length, fused. Extension of nuchal epaulettes to end of chaetiger 1 (Fig. 18 A), distinctly curved, with a conical tubercle on dorsum of second segment. Median antenna curled, reaching chaetiger 6–7. Lateral antennae and first dorsal cirri lost. Dorsal tentacular cirri equal in length to median antenna. Ventral tentacular cirri, length 1 / 4 as long as dorsal pair. Second dorsal cirri 3 / 4 in length of dorsal tentacular cirri. Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, 1 / 4 – 1 / 3 of body width (Fig. 18 A). Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. All appendages cylindrical (Fig. 18 A) including lost antennae and first dorsal cirri (Ehlers 1907). Parapodial lobes rounded, small to medium in size. Aciculae numbering 2 in chaetiger 46. Most chaetae lost, c. 10 compounds in anterior chaetigers, 5–10 in median and posterior. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth; serration present. Single thick bayonet chaeta, beginning at c. chaetiger 50. Pharynx with sinuation anterior to proventricle. Trepan in chaetiger 2, with 18 unequal teeth, 9 large and 9 smaller; 1 large alternating with 1 small (Fig. 18 B), arranged in 2 rings; trepan teeth large. Basal ring present; infradental spines absent. Proventricle equal in length to 4 segments in chaetiger 8–11 with 45–55 rows of muscle cells. Pygidium lost. Reproduction . Unknown. Habitat . Unknown. Distribution . South West Pacific. New Zealand. Remarks . Pterautolytus was erected for a single specimen with unpaired conical tubercle between the nuchal epaulettes and with ventral cirri. However, the structure that Ehlers refers to as ventral cirri is part of the parapodial lobes, and later authors have not been able to find the conical tubercle in newly collected specimens. As a consequence Pterautolytus has been synonomized with Autolytus (Augener 1924 a). The trepan structure has notoriously been difficult to assess. Ehlers and Augener described the trepan to have c. 8 teeth. I found the holotype to have a typical Proceraea trepan as described above. The bayonet chaeta is also of the thick type normally found in Proceraea . Proceraea monoceros shares the long nuchal epaulettes with P. p i c t a , P. scapularis , P. fasciata and P. longilappeta . Proceraea monoceros has a smaller distal tooth in compound chaetae than does P. picta , and P. scapularis P. monoceros has a shorter proventricle than P. longilappeta, equal in length to 4 segments with 45–55 rows of muscle cells compared to 5–6 segments with 65–71 rows. As only one specimen of each has been compared, P. monoceros and P. longilappeta needs to be reassessed. Proceraea mukaishima (Imajima, 1966) comb. n. (Fig. 19 A–C) Autolytus (Regulatus) mukaishimus Imajima, 1966: 73 –75, fig. 23 A–E. Material examined . Japan : 2 paratypes NSMT P 54, Mukaishima, intertidal, among seaweed, 6 Jan 1964. Diagnosis . Proceraea with unique colour pattern consisting of broad brown bands on every segment, medially narrowed; trepan with 34–44 teeth, 1 large alternating with 2–4 smaller, in 2 rings. Description . 2 complete paratypes; length 5.8–8.5 mm for 39–45 chaetigers, width 0.45 mm. Preserved material yellowish with colour markings consisting of a brown band covering chaetiger 1, following chaetigers with faint brown bands, medially narrowed (Fig. 19 A); eyes reddish brown. Ciliation not possible to assess. Eyes separated; eye spots absent. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1 / 4 of prostomial length (Fig. 19 A), fused. Nuchal epaulettes extending over tentacular segment (Fig. 19 A). Median antenna reaching chaetiger 7–8. Lateral antennae and dorsal tentacular cirri, length 2 / 3 of median antenna. Ventral pair of tentacular cirri 1 / 3 – 1 / 2 as long as dorsal pair. First dorsal cirri as long as median antenna, second dorsal cirri as long as ventral tentacular cirri. Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, 1 / 5 of body width (Fig. 19 A). Cirrophores on tentacular cirri and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. All appendages cylindrical. Parapodial lobes rounded, small. Anterior chaetigers with 2 aciculae, 1 in median and posterior. Chaetal fascicle with 6–8 compounds in anterior chaetigers, 4–5 in median and posterior. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth (Fig. 19 B); serration present. Single thick bayonet chaetae (Fig. 19 C), beginning at chaetiger 1. Pharynx with 1 sinuation anterior and lateral to anterior half of proventricle. Trepan in chaetiger 2, with 34–44 unequal teeth, 9 large and 25–35 smaller; 1 large alternating with 2–4 smaller, in 2 rings. Basal ring present; infradental spines absent. Proventricle equal in length to 2–2.5 segments in chaetiger 4–6, with 35 rows of muscle cells (n= 2). Anal cirri half as long as dorsal cirri. Reproduction . Schizogamy by anterior scissiparity behind chaetiger 13. One of the paratypes with developing head, with small rudimentary antennae behind chaetiger 13 (Fig. 19 A). Habitat . Amongst algae, intertidal. Distribution . North West Pacific. Northern Japan, only known from the type locality. Remarks . Proceraea mukaishima is easily identified from its colour pattern and trepan structure, both unique in Proceraea . The reproductive mode has not been reported earlier. Proceraea nigropunctata Nygren & Gidholm, 2001 (Fig. 20 A–H) Proceraea nigropunctata Nygren & Gidholm, 2001: 181 –184, figs 1 A–E, 2 A–C, 3 A–C, 4; Nygren & Sundberg 2003: GenBank sequences, 16 S rDNA partial sequence AF 474274, and 18 S rDNA partial sequence AF 474320. Material examined . USA : holotype (LACMPOLY 1962), 3 paratypes (LACMAHF POLY 1963) and additional 15 spms, Santa Catalina Island, Wrighley Marine Science center, the vicinity, 33 ° 24 ’N, 118 ° 30 ’W, ca 10 m, dredge, red algae mainly Gelidium purpurescens , 15 Apr 1971; 2 spms, Santa Catalina Island, Wrighley Marine Science center, the vicinity, 33 ° 24 ’N, 118 ° 30 ’W, ca 10 m, dredge, Haliotis with algae, sponges, vermetids, 15 Apr 1971; 2 spms, Santa Catalina Island, Wrighley Marine Science center, the harbour, 33 ° 27 ’N, 118 ° 29 ’W, 0.5 m, eelgrass, stones and green algae, 14 Apr 1971; 10 spms (3 spms mounted for SEM), Friday Harbor, Peavine pass between Orcas and Blakely Islands, 48 ° 35.5 ’N, 122 °48.0’W, 18 m, dredge, dead Balanus nobilis , hydroids, shells, 6 May 1971; 10 spms, Friday Harbor, Dot rock, SE side of Decatur Island, 48 ° 29.5 ’N, 122 ° 37.5 ’W, 18 m, dredge, gravel and shells, 7 May 1971; 40 spms (several rear ends in author's collection for DNA analyses), Santa Catalina Island, Wrighley Marine Science center, floating dock outside laboratory, 33 ° 26.7 ’N, 118 ° 29.05 ’W, 0.5 m, algae, hydroids, Jan 2001; 10 spms (5 spms in formalin, 5 spms on slides (rear ends in author's collection for DNA analyses), Washington, San Juan Island, 48 ° 32.7 ' N 123 °00.8'W N, epifauna on floating dock outside Friday Harbor laboratory, sponges, hydroids, barnacles, 22 Jan 2001. Diagnosis . Proceraea with seven dorsal dark brown spots arranged in 2 transverse rows across each segment. Description . Length in preserved specimens 2.9 –12.0 mm for 30–64 chaetigers; width c. 0.3 mm. Live specimens with dark brown colour pattern (Fig. 20 A–C); 7 dorsal dark brown spots arranged in 2 transverse rows across each segment, 2 weaker spots in parapodial lobes, and a midventral longitudinal band (Fig. 20 B); anterior appendages yellowish; intestine yellowish, intestinal granular accumulations forming light reflecting narrow middorsal band interrupted in segment borders (Fig. 20 C); eyes brown. Brown colour pattern often retained in preserved specimens. Ciliation present on prostomium, nuchal epaulettes, and a few segments ventrally. Eyes confluent or almost confluent (Fig. 20 A); eye spots present. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1 / 4 – 1 / 3 of prostomial length (Fig. 20 A), fused. Extension of nuchal epaulettes to end of tentacular segment (Fig. 20 A). Median antenna reaching chaetiger 7–9 in preserved specimens (n= 15). Lateral antennae and dorsal tentacular cirri, length 1 / 2 – 2 / 3 of median antenna. Ventral tentacular cirri 1 / 3 – 1 / 2 as long as dorsal pair. First dorsal cirri as long as median antenna, second dorsal cirri as long as ventral tentacular cirri. Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, c. 1 / 2 of body width. Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. All appendages cylindrical. Parapodial lobes rounded conical, small. Single acicula in all chaetigers. Chaetal fascicle with 6–8 compounds in anterior chaetigers, 3–5 in median and posterior. Co : Published as part of Nygren, Arne, 2004, Revision of Autolytinae (Syllidae: Polychaeta)., pp. 1-314 in Zootaxa 680 on pages 56-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157809 : {"references": ["Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 513 - 592.", "Bosc, L. A. G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessines d'apres nature. Deterville, Paris.", "Augener, H. (1913) Polychaeta 1, Errantia. In: Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (Eds) Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905, vol 4, Lieferung 5. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 65 - 304.", "Westheide, W. (1974) Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos. 11. Pisionidae, Hesionidae, Pilargidae, Syllidae (Polychaeta). Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 44, 195 - 338.", "Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1987) Die Polychaeten der antiborealen Kuste von Victoria (Australien) (zwischen Warrnambool im Westen und Port Welshpool im Osten). Teil 13. In: Hartmann- Schroder, G. & Hartman, G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 84, 27 - 66.", "Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1962) Die Polychaeten des Eulitorals. In: Hartmann-Schroder, G. & Hartmann G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der chilenischen Pazifikkuste und der argentinischen Kuste Sudpatagoniens unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 60, 57 - 167.", "Orensanz, J. M. (1974) Los anelidos poliquetos de la provincia biogeografica Magallanica. 1. Catalogo de las especies citadas hasta 1974. Laboratorio de comunidades bentonicas-gabinete abierto Sta. Clara Del Mar contribucion tecnica, 1, 1 - 83.", "Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1960) Polychaeten aus dem Roten Meer. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 16, 69 - 125.", "Imajima, M. (1966) The Syllidae (Polychaetous Annelids) from Japan (2) Autolytinae. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 14, 27 - 83.", "Ehlers, E. (1907) Neuseelandische Anneliden. 2. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse neue folge 5, 1 - 31.", "Augener, H. (1924 a) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. 14. Polychaeta 1. Polychaeten von den Auckland- und Campbell-Inseln. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Koobenhavn, 75, 1 - 115.", "Benham, W. B. (1927) Polychaeta. British Antarctic ' Terra Nova' Expedition, 1910. Natural History Report, Zoology, 7, 47 - 182.", "Fauvel, P. (1934) Sur quelques syllidiens du Japon. Annotationes zoologicae japonenses, 14, 301 - 315.", "Nygren, A. & Gidholm, L. (2001) Three new species of Proceraea (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Autolytinae) from Brazil and the United States, with a synopsis of all Proceraea - like taxa. Ophelia, 54, 177 - 191.", "Nygren, A. & Sundberg, P. (2003) Phylogeny and evolution of reproductive modes in Autolytinae (Syllidae, Annelida). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, () 29, 235 - 249."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Nygren, Arne |
author_facet |
Nygren, Arne |
author_sort |
Nygren, Arne |
title |
Proceraea madeirensis |
title_short |
Proceraea madeirensis |
title_full |
Proceraea madeirensis |
title_fullStr |
Proceraea madeirensis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Proceraea madeirensis |
title_sort |
proceraea madeirensis |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273183 https://zenodo.org/record/6273183 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-59.633,-59.633,-62.333,-62.333) ENVELOPE(159.483,159.483,-79.333,-79.333) ENVELOPE(23.900,23.900,65.633,65.633) ENVELOPE(-63.448,-63.448,-66.574,-66.574) ENVELOPE(25.125,25.125,70.314,70.314) |
geographic |
Antarctic San Juan Galapagos Pacific New Zealand Catalina Chalmers Roten Gabinete Nygren |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic San Juan Galapagos Pacific New Zealand Catalina Chalmers Roten Gabinete Nygren |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic North East Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic North East Atlantic |
op_relation |
http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFF4CE5ECC774E20FFE07D31881E806B http://zoobank.org/471A4E52-4C92-44F8-AB38-CD03071C0067 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.157809 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFF4CE5ECC774E20FFE07D31881E806B http://zoobank.org/471A4E52-4C92-44F8-AB38-CD03071C0067 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273184 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit |
op_rights |
Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273183 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.157809 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273184 |
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1766262422669099008 |
spelling |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6273183 2023-05-15T13:55:38+02:00 Proceraea madeirensis Nygren, Arne 2004 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273183 https://zenodo.org/record/6273183 unknown Zenodo http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFF4CE5ECC774E20FFE07D31881E806B http://zoobank.org/471A4E52-4C92-44F8-AB38-CD03071C0067 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.157809 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFF4CE5ECC774E20FFE07D31881E806B http://zoobank.org/471A4E52-4C92-44F8-AB38-CD03071C0067 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273184 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC0 Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae Proceraea Proceraea madeirensis article-journal ScholarlyArticle Taxonomic treatment Text 2004 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273183 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.157809 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273184 2022-04-01T12:37:00Z Proceraea madeirensis nom. n. (Fig. 15 A–B) Proceraea fasciata Langerhans, 1879: 581, fig. 33 A–C. Junior homonym of Nereis fasciata Bosc, 1802. ? Autolytus (Proceraea) fasciata Augener 1913: 264 –265. ? Proceraea fasciata Westheide 1974: 323 –325, figs 61–62; HartmannSchröder 1987: 44 –45, figs 20–22. Material examined . Madeira : holotype NHMW 2512. Diagnosis . Proceraea with brown intrasegmental bands; antennae, dorsal tentacular cirri, and first dorsal cirri brown. Description . Holotype on slide, in poor condition, dried, length 4.2 mm for 35 chaetigers, width 0.7 mm (compressed specimen). Preserved material brown, no colour markings. Live specimens with brown intrasegmental bands, as well as brown antennae, dorsal tentacular cirri and first dorsal cirri (Langerhans 1879). Ciliation not possible to assess. Eyes faded, not seen. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1 / 3 of prostomial length (Fig. 15 A), fused. Nuchal epaulettes extending to beginning of first chaetiger. Anterior appendages curled, not evaluated. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, 1 / 5 – 1 / 4 of body width. Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri not possible to assess, cirrophores on other cirri absent. All appendages cylindrical. Parapodial lobes small. Aciculae not seen. Chaetal fascicle with 6–7 compounds in anterior chaetigers, 4–5 in median and posterior. Compound chaetae in median chaetigers with large distal tooth (Fig. 15 B), anterior chaetigers not possible to examine; serration present. Single thick bayonet chaetae, (Fig. 15 B), beginning at chaetiger 20. Pharynx with sinuation anterior to proventricle (Fig. 15 A). Trepan in chaetiger 4 (Fig. 15 A) with 18 unequal teeth, 9 large and 9 smaller; 1 large alternating with 1 small, arranged in 2 rings. Basal ring present; infradental spines absent. Proventricle equal in length to 3–4 segments in chaetigers 7–10, with 55–60 rows of muscle cells. Pygidium with 2 anal cirri. Reproduction . Unknown. Habitat . Intertidal, amongst algae. Distribution . North East Atlantic. Madeira. Remarks . The identity of Augener's, Westheide's and HartmannSchröder's specimens to Langerhans' taxon is doubtful. Both Westheide and HartmannSchröder describe unidentate chaetae on their specimens, the latter author also examined specimens collected by Augener and found unidentate chaetae in these; this type of chaetae are not present in the holotype and are not described by Langerhans. In addition Augener and Westheide describe the brown transverse bands to be intersegmental rather than intrasegmental. New material from Madeira or from the vicinity is needed to get a more accurate description and opinion of the taxon. Etymology . Langerhans' species has long been a junior homonym to P. fasciata (Bosc, 1802), and the new name madeirensis is introduced, meaning "from Madeira". Proceraea micropedata (HartmannSchröder, 1962) (Fig. 16 A–C) Odontosyllis micropedata HartmannSchröder, 1962: 100 –103, figs 87–92. Proceraea micropedata Orensanz 1974: 28. Material examined . Chile : holotype ZMH P 14762, mouth of Rio Andalien, algae and barnacles, 10 Mar 1960. Diagnosis . Proceraea with egg shaped dorsal cirri (see remarks). Description . Holotype incomplete anterior fragment, length 1.9 mm for 13 chaetigers, width 0.5 mm. Preserved material brown, without colour markings. Ciliation not possible to assess. Eyes separated; eye spots absent. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1 / 3 of prostomial length (Fig. 16 A), fused. Extension of nuchal epaulettes to end of tentacular segment. Median antenna reaching chaetiger 5–6. Lateral antennae and dorsal tentacular cirri, length 2 / 3 of median antenna. Ventral tentacular cirri 2 / 3 as long as dorsal pair. First dorsal cirri as long as median antenna, second dorsal cirri 2 / 3 as long as ventral tentacular cirri. Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, c. 1 / 5 of body width. Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. Anterior appendages cylindrical, dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3 egg shaped (Fig. 16 A). Parapodial lobes rounded, small. All chaetigers with 1–2 aciculae. Chaetal fascicle with 8–9 compounds. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth (Fig. 16 B, C); serration present. Single thick bayonet chaetae (Fig. 16 B), beginning at chaetiger 1. Pharynx with 1 sinuation anterior to proventricle. Trepan in chaetiger 1 with 18 unequal teeth, 9 large and 9 smaller; 1 large alternating with 1 small, arranged in 2 rings. Basal ring present; infradental spines absent. Proventricle equal in length to 2.5 segments in chaetiger 3–5, with c. 30 rows of muscle cells. Pygidium lost. Reproduction . Schizogamy by anterior scissiparity behind chaetiger 13 (Hartmann Schröder 1962). Habitat . Amongst algae, barnacles, Mytilus . Distribution . South East Pacific. From central Chile to Magellan Strait. Remarks . Only the holotype could be located in the Museum of Hamburg, so the material of this species is restricted to one anterior fragment. The egg shaped dorsal cirri could be a distinguishing character but in the description the paratype is drawn with cylindrical dorsal cirri. In other respects the taxon is very similar to other Proceraea with short nuchal epaulettes and similar compounds, foremost P. cornuta , P. okadai and P. nigropunctata . At present it can not be determined if any of these taxa are the same as P. micropedata . Proceraea micropedata was described as having ventral cirri and, perhaps for this reason, referred to Odontosyllis , but these structures (HartmannSchröder 1962: fig. 88) could not be detected. Proceraea misakiensis (Imajima, 1966) comb. n. (Fig. 17 A–C) Autolytus (Regulatus) misakiensis Imajima, 1966: 61 –63, fig. 18 A–H. Material examined . Japan : 1 paratype NSMTPol P 16, Misaki, Onagawa, intertidal, Apr 1964. Diagnosis . Proceraea without colour markings, and with large distal tooth in the compound chaetae of median, and posterior chaetigers. Description . Paratype complete, length 9.2 mm for 94 chaetigers, width 0.4 mm. Live specimens orange (Imajima 1966). Preserved material whitish without colour markings; eyes brownish red. Ciliation not possible to assess. Eyes confluent; eye spots absent. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1 / 4 – 1 / 3 of prostomial length, fused. Nuchal epaulettes extending over anterior part of chaetiger 1. Antennae and anterior appendages curled, not possible to assess (Fig. 17 A). Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, 1 / 3 – 1 / 4 of body width (Fig. 17 A). Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. All appendages cylindrical (Fig. 17 A). Parapodial lobes rounded conical, small. Anterior chaetigers with 2 aciculae, 1 in median and posterior. Chaetal fascicle with 10 compounds in anterior chaetigers, 6–10 in median and posterior. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth in anterior 5 chaetigers, more posterior with large distal tooth (Fig. 17 B); serration present. Single thick bayonet chaetae (Fig. 17 C), beginning at chaetiger 7. Pharynx dissected. Proventricle equal in length to 3 segments (Fig. 17 A) in chaetiger 7–9 with c. 40 rows of muscle cells. Anal cirri equal in length to dorsal cirri. Reproduction . Unknown. Additional information . Imajima (1966) described the trepan as having 18 unequal teeth, 9 large and 9 smaller; 1 large alternating with 1 small, arranged in 2 rings. Habitat . Intertidal. Distribution . North West Pacific. Central Japan, Misaki, Onagawa. Remarks . Imajima described the colour as orange in P. misakiensis , hence lacking colour markings. Similar species without distinct colour markings, with nuchal epaulettes reaching over anterior part of chaetiger 1, and similar chaetae with large distal tooth, includes P. gigantea , P. aurantiaca and P. paraurantiaca . Proceraea gigantea has large trepan teeth but the size of these is not known for P. misakiensis . Proceraea paraurantiaca has a distinctive ciliated ridge on their palps, not found in P. misakiensis . Proceraea aurantiaca may also be a close relative, and with present material it is not possible to separate P. misakiensis from either of P. aurantiaca or P. gigantea . Proceraea monoceros (Ehlers, 1907) comb. n. (Fig. 18 A–B) Pterautolytus monoceros Ehlers, 1907: 8 –10, figs 1–3. Autolytus monoceros Augener 1924 a: 60 –63; 1924 b: 396–399; Benham 1927: 61.? Autolytus monoceros Fauvel 1934: 313 –314. (= Proceraea vulgaria according to Imajima 1966). Material examined . New Zealand : holotype ZMB 6747, Port Chalmers. Diagnosis . Proceraea with nuchal epaulettes reaching end of chaetiger 1 and with a conical tubercle on dorsum of second segment. Description . Holotype almost complete, lacking posteriormost end; length c. 20 mm for 87 chaetigers, width 0.8 mm. Preserved material brown; eyes reddish brown. Ciliation not possible to assess. Eyes separated; eye spots absent. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1 / 3 of prostomial length, fused. Extension of nuchal epaulettes to end of chaetiger 1 (Fig. 18 A), distinctly curved, with a conical tubercle on dorsum of second segment. Median antenna curled, reaching chaetiger 6–7. Lateral antennae and first dorsal cirri lost. Dorsal tentacular cirri equal in length to median antenna. Ventral tentacular cirri, length 1 / 4 as long as dorsal pair. Second dorsal cirri 3 / 4 in length of dorsal tentacular cirri. Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, 1 / 4 – 1 / 3 of body width (Fig. 18 A). Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. All appendages cylindrical (Fig. 18 A) including lost antennae and first dorsal cirri (Ehlers 1907). Parapodial lobes rounded, small to medium in size. Aciculae numbering 2 in chaetiger 46. Most chaetae lost, c. 10 compounds in anterior chaetigers, 5–10 in median and posterior. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth; serration present. Single thick bayonet chaeta, beginning at c. chaetiger 50. Pharynx with sinuation anterior to proventricle. Trepan in chaetiger 2, with 18 unequal teeth, 9 large and 9 smaller; 1 large alternating with 1 small (Fig. 18 B), arranged in 2 rings; trepan teeth large. Basal ring present; infradental spines absent. Proventricle equal in length to 4 segments in chaetiger 8–11 with 45–55 rows of muscle cells. Pygidium lost. Reproduction . Unknown. Habitat . Unknown. Distribution . South West Pacific. New Zealand. Remarks . Pterautolytus was erected for a single specimen with unpaired conical tubercle between the nuchal epaulettes and with ventral cirri. However, the structure that Ehlers refers to as ventral cirri is part of the parapodial lobes, and later authors have not been able to find the conical tubercle in newly collected specimens. As a consequence Pterautolytus has been synonomized with Autolytus (Augener 1924 a). The trepan structure has notoriously been difficult to assess. Ehlers and Augener described the trepan to have c. 8 teeth. I found the holotype to have a typical Proceraea trepan as described above. The bayonet chaeta is also of the thick type normally found in Proceraea . Proceraea monoceros shares the long nuchal epaulettes with P. p i c t a , P. scapularis , P. fasciata and P. longilappeta . Proceraea monoceros has a smaller distal tooth in compound chaetae than does P. picta , and P. scapularis P. monoceros has a shorter proventricle than P. longilappeta, equal in length to 4 segments with 45–55 rows of muscle cells compared to 5–6 segments with 65–71 rows. As only one specimen of each has been compared, P. monoceros and P. longilappeta needs to be reassessed. Proceraea mukaishima (Imajima, 1966) comb. n. (Fig. 19 A–C) Autolytus (Regulatus) mukaishimus Imajima, 1966: 73 –75, fig. 23 A–E. Material examined . Japan : 2 paratypes NSMT P 54, Mukaishima, intertidal, among seaweed, 6 Jan 1964. Diagnosis . Proceraea with unique colour pattern consisting of broad brown bands on every segment, medially narrowed; trepan with 34–44 teeth, 1 large alternating with 2–4 smaller, in 2 rings. Description . 2 complete paratypes; length 5.8–8.5 mm for 39–45 chaetigers, width 0.45 mm. Preserved material yellowish with colour markings consisting of a brown band covering chaetiger 1, following chaetigers with faint brown bands, medially narrowed (Fig. 19 A); eyes reddish brown. Ciliation not possible to assess. Eyes separated; eye spots absent. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1 / 4 of prostomial length (Fig. 19 A), fused. Nuchal epaulettes extending over tentacular segment (Fig. 19 A). Median antenna reaching chaetiger 7–8. Lateral antennae and dorsal tentacular cirri, length 2 / 3 of median antenna. Ventral pair of tentacular cirri 1 / 3 – 1 / 2 as long as dorsal pair. First dorsal cirri as long as median antenna, second dorsal cirri as long as ventral tentacular cirri. Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, 1 / 5 of body width (Fig. 19 A). Cirrophores on tentacular cirri and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. All appendages cylindrical. Parapodial lobes rounded, small. Anterior chaetigers with 2 aciculae, 1 in median and posterior. Chaetal fascicle with 6–8 compounds in anterior chaetigers, 4–5 in median and posterior. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth (Fig. 19 B); serration present. Single thick bayonet chaetae (Fig. 19 C), beginning at chaetiger 1. Pharynx with 1 sinuation anterior and lateral to anterior half of proventricle. Trepan in chaetiger 2, with 34–44 unequal teeth, 9 large and 25–35 smaller; 1 large alternating with 2–4 smaller, in 2 rings. Basal ring present; infradental spines absent. Proventricle equal in length to 2–2.5 segments in chaetiger 4–6, with 35 rows of muscle cells (n= 2). Anal cirri half as long as dorsal cirri. Reproduction . Schizogamy by anterior scissiparity behind chaetiger 13. One of the paratypes with developing head, with small rudimentary antennae behind chaetiger 13 (Fig. 19 A). Habitat . Amongst algae, intertidal. Distribution . North West Pacific. Northern Japan, only known from the type locality. Remarks . Proceraea mukaishima is easily identified from its colour pattern and trepan structure, both unique in Proceraea . The reproductive mode has not been reported earlier. Proceraea nigropunctata Nygren & Gidholm, 2001 (Fig. 20 A–H) Proceraea nigropunctata Nygren & Gidholm, 2001: 181 –184, figs 1 A–E, 2 A–C, 3 A–C, 4; Nygren & Sundberg 2003: GenBank sequences, 16 S rDNA partial sequence AF 474274, and 18 S rDNA partial sequence AF 474320. Material examined . USA : holotype (LACMPOLY 1962), 3 paratypes (LACMAHF POLY 1963) and additional 15 spms, Santa Catalina Island, Wrighley Marine Science center, the vicinity, 33 ° 24 ’N, 118 ° 30 ’W, ca 10 m, dredge, red algae mainly Gelidium purpurescens , 15 Apr 1971; 2 spms, Santa Catalina Island, Wrighley Marine Science center, the vicinity, 33 ° 24 ’N, 118 ° 30 ’W, ca 10 m, dredge, Haliotis with algae, sponges, vermetids, 15 Apr 1971; 2 spms, Santa Catalina Island, Wrighley Marine Science center, the harbour, 33 ° 27 ’N, 118 ° 29 ’W, 0.5 m, eelgrass, stones and green algae, 14 Apr 1971; 10 spms (3 spms mounted for SEM), Friday Harbor, Peavine pass between Orcas and Blakely Islands, 48 ° 35.5 ’N, 122 °48.0’W, 18 m, dredge, dead Balanus nobilis , hydroids, shells, 6 May 1971; 10 spms, Friday Harbor, Dot rock, SE side of Decatur Island, 48 ° 29.5 ’N, 122 ° 37.5 ’W, 18 m, dredge, gravel and shells, 7 May 1971; 40 spms (several rear ends in author's collection for DNA analyses), Santa Catalina Island, Wrighley Marine Science center, floating dock outside laboratory, 33 ° 26.7 ’N, 118 ° 29.05 ’W, 0.5 m, algae, hydroids, Jan 2001; 10 spms (5 spms in formalin, 5 spms on slides (rear ends in author's collection for DNA analyses), Washington, San Juan Island, 48 ° 32.7 ' N 123 °00.8'W N, epifauna on floating dock outside Friday Harbor laboratory, sponges, hydroids, barnacles, 22 Jan 2001. Diagnosis . Proceraea with seven dorsal dark brown spots arranged in 2 transverse rows across each segment. Description . Length in preserved specimens 2.9 –12.0 mm for 30–64 chaetigers; width c. 0.3 mm. Live specimens with dark brown colour pattern (Fig. 20 A–C); 7 dorsal dark brown spots arranged in 2 transverse rows across each segment, 2 weaker spots in parapodial lobes, and a midventral longitudinal band (Fig. 20 B); anterior appendages yellowish; intestine yellowish, intestinal granular accumulations forming light reflecting narrow middorsal band interrupted in segment borders (Fig. 20 C); eyes brown. Brown colour pattern often retained in preserved specimens. Ciliation present on prostomium, nuchal epaulettes, and a few segments ventrally. Eyes confluent or almost confluent (Fig. 20 A); eye spots present. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1 / 4 – 1 / 3 of prostomial length (Fig. 20 A), fused. Extension of nuchal epaulettes to end of tentacular segment (Fig. 20 A). Median antenna reaching chaetiger 7–9 in preserved specimens (n= 15). Lateral antennae and dorsal tentacular cirri, length 1 / 2 – 2 / 3 of median antenna. Ventral tentacular cirri 1 / 3 – 1 / 2 as long as dorsal pair. First dorsal cirri as long as median antenna, second dorsal cirri as long as ventral tentacular cirri. Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, c. 1 / 2 of body width. Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. All appendages cylindrical. Parapodial lobes rounded conical, small. Single acicula in all chaetigers. Chaetal fascicle with 6–8 compounds in anterior chaetigers, 3–5 in median and posterior. Co : Published as part of Nygren, Arne, 2004, Revision of Autolytinae (Syllidae: Polychaeta)., pp. 1-314 in Zootaxa 680 on pages 56-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157809 : {"references": ["Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 513 - 592.", "Bosc, L. A. G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessines d'apres nature. Deterville, Paris.", "Augener, H. (1913) Polychaeta 1, Errantia. In: Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (Eds) Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905, vol 4, Lieferung 5. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 65 - 304.", "Westheide, W. (1974) Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos. 11. Pisionidae, Hesionidae, Pilargidae, Syllidae (Polychaeta). Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 44, 195 - 338.", "Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1987) Die Polychaeten der antiborealen Kuste von Victoria (Australien) (zwischen Warrnambool im Westen und Port Welshpool im Osten). Teil 13. In: Hartmann- Schroder, G. & Hartman, G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 84, 27 - 66.", "Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1962) Die Polychaeten des Eulitorals. In: Hartmann-Schroder, G. & Hartmann G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der chilenischen Pazifikkuste und der argentinischen Kuste Sudpatagoniens unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 60, 57 - 167.", "Orensanz, J. M. (1974) Los anelidos poliquetos de la provincia biogeografica Magallanica. 1. Catalogo de las especies citadas hasta 1974. Laboratorio de comunidades bentonicas-gabinete abierto Sta. Clara Del Mar contribucion tecnica, 1, 1 - 83.", "Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1960) Polychaeten aus dem Roten Meer. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 16, 69 - 125.", "Imajima, M. (1966) The Syllidae (Polychaetous Annelids) from Japan (2) Autolytinae. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 14, 27 - 83.", "Ehlers, E. (1907) Neuseelandische Anneliden. 2. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse neue folge 5, 1 - 31.", "Augener, H. (1924 a) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. 14. Polychaeta 1. Polychaeten von den Auckland- und Campbell-Inseln. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Koobenhavn, 75, 1 - 115.", "Benham, W. B. (1927) Polychaeta. British Antarctic ' Terra Nova' Expedition, 1910. Natural History Report, Zoology, 7, 47 - 182.", "Fauvel, P. (1934) Sur quelques syllidiens du Japon. Annotationes zoologicae japonenses, 14, 301 - 315.", "Nygren, A. & Gidholm, L. (2001) Three new species of Proceraea (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Autolytinae) from Brazil and the United States, with a synopsis of all Proceraea - like taxa. Ophelia, 54, 177 - 191.", "Nygren, A. & Sundberg, P. (2003) Phylogeny and evolution of reproductive modes in Autolytinae (Syllidae, Annelida). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, () 29, 235 - 249."]} Text Antarc* Antarctic North East Atlantic DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Antarctic San Juan Galapagos Pacific New Zealand Catalina ENVELOPE(-59.633,-59.633,-62.333,-62.333) Chalmers ENVELOPE(159.483,159.483,-79.333,-79.333) Roten ENVELOPE(23.900,23.900,65.633,65.633) Gabinete ENVELOPE(-63.448,-63.448,-66.574,-66.574) Nygren ENVELOPE(25.125,25.125,70.314,70.314) |