Ophryotrocha macrovifera Paxton & Åkesson, 2010, sp. nov.

• Main Authors: Paxton, Hannelore, Åkesson, Bertil
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2010
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Annelida; Polychaeta; Eunicida; Dorvilleidae; Ophryotrocha; Ophryotrocha macrovifera; Grandi; Bertil; Eide; Heggøy; North Atlantic; North East Atlantic
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6207377; https://zenodo.org/record/6207377

Ophryotrocha macrovifera sp. nov. Figures 1 C, 2 D, F, G; 3 C–F, H, I; 4 A, B; 5 A, C; Table 1 Ophryotrocha macrovifera nom. nud. Åkesson, 1975: 378; 1984; Levinton 1983; Pleijel & Eide 1996; Dahlgren et al. 2001; Simonini 2002; Åkesson & Paxton 2005; Simonini et al. 2009; W iklund et al. 2009. Material examined. Type material: Holotype (AM W 36872), complete female specimen, 3.1mm long, 0.35 mm wide without parapodia (preserved) for 18 chaetigers; allotype (AM W 36873), complete male specimen, 2.1 mm long, 0.25 mm wide without parapodia (preserved) for 14 chaetigers; 10 paratypes (AM W 36874); 10 paratypes (SMNH T- 8030); cultured from specimens collected at Kyrenia, Cyprus, 1972. Other material: Live cultures from same collection. Description. Length of most live adults 3–4 mm (14–16 chaetigers), maximum length 5 mm (22 chaetigers). Live animals (Fig. 1 C) translucent, preserved opaque white. Pigmentation consisting only of very small lateral red spots on some chaetigers. Prostomium anteriorly rounded, with pair of short, ovate antennae; palps absent (Fig. 2 D); two eyes medially connected (Fig. 3 C, D). Two peristomial achaetous segment-like rings. Parapodia uniramous (Fig. 2 F), lacking dorsal and ventral cirri, with dorsal protrusion, with retractile ventral lobe; 4–5 supra-acicular simple chaetae, 4–5 subacicular heterogomph falcigers and inferiormost simple chaeta; distal part of simple chaetae and blades of falcigers finely serrated (Fig. 2 G). Pair of pygidial cirri present, pygidial median stylus absent in adults (Fig. 4 A). Rosette glands (Fig. 4 B), one per segment, present mid-dorsally on posteriormost segments of mature animals, up to five in males and females. Mandibles with elongate shafts and bifid cutting plates with 21–24 tiny pointed teeth at anterior edge (Fig. 3 E, F). Maxillary apparatus of P- and K-type in both sexes, with larval maxillae (Fig. 3 H), falcate P 1 -forceps (Fig. 3 I), bidentate P 2 -forceps (Fig. 5 A), K-forceps right bidentate, left falcate (Fig. 5 C). Reproduction and development. Gonochoristic; chromosomes 2 n = 6. Diameter of eggs varies from 150–180 µm in different populations. Tubular egg masses, released larvae with two chaetigers and short pygidial median stylus. Etymology. The name of the new species refers to its large yolky eggs. Remarks. The new species was originally collected from Cyprus, Mediterranean Sea in 1972 and identified as a new species through crossbreeding experiments (Åkesson 1975) which have been confirmed by gene sequence studies (Dahlgren et al. 2001; Heggøy et al. 2007; Wiklund et al. 2009). Ophryotrocha macrovifera is unique among the O. labronica group for the following combination of characters: having medially connected eyes and larvae possessing 2–3 pairs of parapodia at hatching. Distribution. Mediterranean: Cyprus, Genoa, Venice, Italy; Alexandria, Egypt; North Atlantic: Florida, USA, Portugal. : Published as part of Paxton, Hannelore & Åkesson, Bertil, 2010, The Ophryotrocha labronica group (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) — with the description of seven new species, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 2713 on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199650 : {"references": ["Akesson, B. (1975) Reproduction in the genus Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta). Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 39 Suppl, 377 - 398.", "Levinton, J. S. (1983) The latitudinal compensation hypothesis: Growth data and a model of latitudinal growth differentiation based upon energy budgets. I. Interspecific comparison of Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta: Dorvilleidae). Biological Bulletin, 165, 686 - 698.", "Pleijel, F. & Eide, R. (1996) The phylogeny of Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae: Eunicida: Polychaeta). Journal of Natural History, 30, 647 - 659.", "Dahlgren, T. G., Akesson, B., Schander, C. Halanych, K. & Sundberg, P. (2001) Molecular phylogeny of the model annelid Ophryotrocha. Biological Bulletin, 201, 193 - 203.", "Simonini, R. (2002) Distribution and ecology of the genus Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta: Dorvilleidae) in Italian harbors and lagoons. Vie et Milieu, 52, 59 - 65.", "Akesson, B. & Paxton, H. (2005) Biogeography and incipient speciation in Ophryotrocha labronica (Polychaeta, Dorvilleidae). Marine Biology Research, 1, 127 - 139.", "Simonini, R., Massamba-N'Siala, G., Grandi, V. & Prevedelli, D. (2009) Distribution of the genus Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta) in Italy: new records and comments on the biogeography of Mediterranean species. Vie et Milieu, 59, 79 - 88.", "Heggoy, K. K., Schander, C. & Akesson, B. (2007) The phylogeny of the annelid genus Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae). Marine Biology Research, 3, 412 - 420.", "Wiklund, H., Glover, A. G. & Dahlgren, T. G. (2009) Three new species of Ophryotrocha (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) from a whale-fall in the North-East Atlantic. Zootaxa, 2228, 43 - 56."]}