Dipolydora quadrilobata Jacobi 1883
Dipolydora quadrilobata (Jacobi, 1883) Figure 4 Polydora quadrilobata Jacobi, 1883: 3, 2 pls; Mesnil 1897: 87 –88, pl. 3, figs. 9–11; Fauvel 1927: 54, fig. 18 l–r; Uschakov 1955: 272, fig. 94 A–D; Blake 1969 a: 37 –51, figs. 27–37 (larvae); 1971: 13–15, fig. 9 (synonymy); Rasmussen 1973: 111 –112; R...
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae Dipolydora Dipolydora quadrilobata |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae Dipolydora Dipolydora quadrilobata Surugiu, Victor Dipolydora quadrilobata Jacobi 1883 |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae Dipolydora Dipolydora quadrilobata |
description |
Dipolydora quadrilobata (Jacobi, 1883) Figure 4 Polydora quadrilobata Jacobi, 1883: 3, 2 pls; Mesnil 1897: 87 –88, pl. 3, figs. 9–11; Fauvel 1927: 54, fig. 18 l–r; Uschakov 1955: 272, fig. 94 A–D; Blake 1969 a: 37 –51, figs. 27–37 (larvae); 1971: 13–15, fig. 9 (synonymy); Rasmussen 1973: 111 –112; Radashevsky 1993: 18–21, fig. 9 (synonymy); Sato-Okoshi 2000: 445. Polydora (Polydora) quadrilobata . Hartmann-Schröder 1996: 319 –320, fig. 144 a–f. Dipolydora quadrilobata . Blake 1996: 198, fig. 4.32 I–N. Material examined. Bulgaria: Sta. 190 – 4 /VA 2, Varna (43 °08.17ʹN, 28 ° 14.41 ʹE), 33.7 m, muddy seabed, 23 Mar 2008, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY044 (46); Romania: Sta. 89, Eforie Nord, 10 m, medium-grained sand, 20 Aug 2003, coll. V. Abaza (1); Sta. 91, Tuzla, 10 m, sand mixed with shell debris, 20 Aug 2003, coll. V. Abaza (6); Sta. BS07/MA07 (43 ° 46.47 ʹN, 28 ° 31.05 ʹE), 33.5 m, silty mud, 20 Apr 2007, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY045 (2); Sta. BS05/ 66 (44 ° 13.37 ʹN, 29 ° 38.03 ʹE), 60.3 m, mud with Modiolula phaseolina (Philippi, 1844), 10 Aug 2007, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY046 (2); Sta. BS05/01 (44 ° 19.29 ʹN, 29 ° 30.27 ʹE), 56 m, greenish-grey mud with Mytilus galloprovincialis and M. phaseolina shells, 11 Aug 2007, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY047 (99); Sta. BS05/03 (44 ° 19 ʹ 27 ʹ N, 29 ° 33 ʹ 35 ʹ E), 54.5 m, mud with M. phaseolina , 11 Aug 2007, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY048 (357); Sta. BS05/ 28 (44 ° 11.29 ʹN, 29 ° 40.57 ʹE), 60.6 m, mud with M. phaseolina , 11 Aug 2007, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY049 (3); Sta. S–RO 1 –02 Portiţa (44 ° 38.482 ʹN, 29 ° 39.845 ʹE), 50.1 m, black muds with Melinna palmata and Mya arenaria , 7 Apr 2008, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY050 (114); Sta. BS08/ 91 – 1 (43 ° 50 ʹ 29.43 ʹ N, 29 ° 15 ʹ 27.68 ʹ E), 62.5 m, mud with M. phaseolina , 21 Jun 2008, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY051 (2); Sta. BS08/05 (43 ° 59 ʹ31.00ʹ N, 29 ° 21 ʹ 31.18 ʹ E), 56 m, greenish-grey mud with Mytilus and Modiolula shells, 22 Jun 2008, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY052 (92); Sta. BS08/ 45 – 1 (43 ° 55 ʹ 29.71 ʹ N, 29 ° 21 ʹ 24.84 ʹ E), 59.8 m, greenish-grey mud with Mytilus and Modiolula shells, 22 Jun 2008, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY053 (9); Sta. BS08/ 22 (43 ° 57 ʹ 31 ʹ N, 29 ° 17 ʹ 81 ʹ E), 55.3 m, greenish-grey mud with Mytilus and Modiolula shells, 23 Jun 2008, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY054 (5); Ukraine: Sta. 140 – 3 /Phy 4 a (45 ° 39.11 ʹN, 31 ° 20.78 ʹE), 46.1 m, pelitic sand with shell rubble and Phyllophora , 15 Mar 2008, MNINGA PLY055 (3); Sta. 156 – 2 /DN 10 (45 ° 26.95 ʹN, 30 ° 59.28 ʹE), 45.5 m, pelitic sand with shell rubble and Phyllophora , 17 Mar 2008, MNINGA PLY056 (287); Sta. 159 – 4 /Phy 7 (45 ° 34.13 ʹN, 30 ° 17.38 ʹE), 23.4 m, silty mud with Mytilus shells, 18 Mar 2008, MNINGA PLY057 (2). Description. Up to 15 mm long, 0.75 mm wide at chaetiger 5, with up to 90 chaetigers. Colour of preserved worms pale yellowish. Body without dorsal pigmentation. Prostomium more or less distinctly incised anteriorly, forming two rounded lobes; caruncle indistinct, extending to posterior end of chaetiger 3 (Fig. 4 A). Occipital antenna absent. Eyes usually absent in adults; juveniles with four eyes arranged in nearly straight transverse row with the outer pair larger and irregular in shape. Nuchal organs as long, narrow ciliary bands on lateral sides of caruncle. Palps long, flexible, with prominent ciliated groove, extending posteriorly to chaetiger 15. Chaetiger 1 biramous, with well-developed podial lobes, carrying both short notopodial capillaries and more numerous neuropodial capillaries (Fig. 4 A). Chaetigers 2–4 and 6 with noto- and neuropodial fascicles of winged capillary chaetae (Fig. 4 A–B). Notochaetae arranged in two vertical rows of shorter and thicker capillaries plus a dorsal superior tuft of longer and thinner capillaries. Neurochaetae also as two vertical rows of thick capillaries and a ventral inferior tuft of thinner and shorter capillaries. Number of capillary notochaetae diminishing toward posterior end. In far posterior notopodia capillaries completely replaced by stout, sharply pointed spines arranged in semicircular row (Fig. 4 E–F); number of spines increasing from 1–3 in a tuft up to 16, providing a spinous appearance to posterior end. Chaetiger 5 modified, larger than adjacent segments, without postchaetal lamellae and carrying a horizontal curved row of 4–6 large spines (Fig. 4 A–B). Modified spines of chaetiger 5 falcate, distally curved, with two nearly equal teeth and a tuft of fine bristles in concavity between teeth. Companion chaetae absent (see Remarks). Dorsal superior fascicle of chaetiger 5 with up to seven geniculate limbate chaetae arranged in a vertical or oblique row (Fig. 4 C–D); ventral inferior fascicle as compact tuft of up to 9 winged capillaries. Neuropodial bidentate hooded hooks, up to six in vertical row from chaetiger 7. Main fang of hook at obtuse angle to shaft and at reduced angle to distal smaller tooth. Shafts of hooks strongly curved, without constriction and manubrium. In anterior neuropodia up to four inferior capillaries present ventral to hooks. In posterior neuropodia inferior capillaries diminishing in number, becoming narrow and non-winged. Branchiae from chaetiger 7, short at first, reaching full size by chaetiger 10–12, absent from posterior third of body, not connected to notopodial lobes. Pygidium with four subequal lobes (Fig. 4 F). Habitat and ecology. On the Romanian coast D. quadrilobata is found in soft sediments (fine sand, muddy sand, sandy mud, silty mud, and mud) at 10– 100 m. However, the species is most common and abundant between 40–60 m in mud between beds of Modiolula phaseolina , with densities up to 2600 ind. m– 2. The worm constructs permanent tubes that stand erect in the substrate, extending 15–20 mm. Tubes straight, up to 40 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, built of fine sand grains bound by silt and detrital particles. The upper part of tube is smooth and greyish-brown in colour, while the lower part, buried in sediment, is coarser and rusty-coloured. Reproduction and development. Not known to date in the Black Sea. Distribution. Arctic-boreal species, reported from the Pacific (Blake 1996) and Atlantic coasts of North America (Blake 1971), Sea of Japan and Sea of Okhotsk (Sato-Okoshi 2000), Bering Sea (Uschakov 1955; Radashevsky 1993), White Sea (Khaitov et al . 1999); North Sea (Rasmussen 1973; Hartmann-Schröder 1996), British Channel, Kiel Bay, Baltic Sea, Atlantic coast of Europe (Fauvel 1927), Adriatic Sea (Castelli et al . 1995; Požar-Domac 1978) and Black Sea (Todorova & Panayotova 2006). Remarks. There is little confusion regarding the taxonomic position of Dipolydora quadrilobata . This species is closely related to D. caulleryi in having heavy, protruding, awl-shaped notopodial spines in far posterior segments and a pygidium divided into four nearly equal lobes, both falling into the ʹ armata/ caulleryi ʹ subgroup ( sensu Blake 1996). Söderström (1920) even considered D. quadrilobata to be a juvenile of D. caulleryi . Nevertheless, Dipolydora quadrilobata is unique among species of the Polydora complex by having modified spines of chaetiger 5 expanded distally into two nearly equal teeth with a bushy tuft of fine bristles between them, and by four eyes arranged in a nearly straight transverse row (Blake 1996). The Black Sea specimens match the morphological descriptions of specimens from northern Europe (Hartmann-Schröder 1996) or from northern Pacific (Radashevsky 1993). However, brown reticulated pigmentation on anterior end of body reported by many authors (Fauvel 1927; Blake 1971, 1996; Radashevsky 1993; Hartmann-Schröder 1996) was absent in the Black Sea specimens. Sato-Okoshi (2000), however, indicates that in Japan this pigmentation was present only in some specimens. Also, in one individual were observed two limbate capillaries near the bases of the major spines of chaetiger 5, like normal companion chaetae (Fig. 4 D). : Published as part of Surugiu, Victor, 2012, Systematics and ecology of species of the Polydora - complex (Polychaeta: Spionidae) of the Black Sea, pp. 45-65 in Zootaxa 3518 on pages 53-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.208946 : {"references": ["Jacobi, R. (1883) Anatomisch-histogische Untersuchung der Polydoren der Keiler Bucht. Inaugural Dissertation, Keil: 1 - 35.", "Mesnil, F. (1897) Etudes de morphologie externe chez les Annelides. II. Remarques complementaires sur les Spionidiens, la famille nouvelle de disomidiens. La place des Aonides (sensu Tauber, Levinsen). Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 30, 83 - 100, pl. 1.", "Fauvel, P. (1927) Polychetes sedentaires. Addenda aux Errantes, Archiannelides, Myzostomaires. Faune de France 16, Paul Lechevalier, Paris, 494 pp.", "Uschakov, P. V. (1955) Polychaeta of the Far Eastern Seas of the U. S. S. R. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Moscow-Leningrad, 445 pp.", "Blake, J. A. (1969 a) Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Ophelia, 7, 1 - 63.", "Rasmussen, E. (1973) Systematics and ecology of the Isefjord marine fauna (Denmark). Ophelia, 11, 1 - 507.", "Sato-Okoshi, W. (2000) Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 80, 443 - 456.", "Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1996) Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. Vol. 2. Neubearbeitete Auflage, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 58, 648 pp.", "Blake, J. A. (1996) Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. Including a review of the genera and species from California and a revision of the genus Polydora Bosc, 1802. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. & Scott, P. H. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Vol. 6. The Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 81 - 223.", "Blake, J. A. (1971) Revision of the Genus Polydora from the East Coast of North America (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 75, 1 - 32.", "Khaitov, V. M., Fokin, M. V. & Nicolaeva, A. M. (1999) Structure of communities associated with dense assemblages of the tube-dwelling polychaete Polydora quadrilobata Jacobi (Spionidae) in the White Sea. Hydrobiologia, 393, 221 - 226.", "Castelli, A., Abbiati, M., Badalamenti, F., Bianchi, C. N., Cantone, G., Gambi, M. C., Giangrande, A., Gravina, M. F., Lanera, P., Lardicci, C., Somaschini, A. & Sordino, P. (1995) Annelida Polychaeta, Pogonophora, Echiura, Sipuncula. In: Minelli, A., Ruffo, S. & La Posta, S. (Eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana. Vol. 19. Annelida: Polychaeta, Pogonophora, Echiura, Sipuncula. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, pp. 1 - 45.", "Pozar-Domac, A. (1978) Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the Adriatic Sea. 1. Northern and central Adriatic. Acta Adriatica, 19, 2 - 59.", "Todorova, V. R. & Panayotova, M. D. (2006) Alien aquatic fauna from the Bulgarian Black Sea and coastal lakes - an inventory of introductions and impacts. NEOBIOTA. From Ecology to Conservation. 4 th European Conference on Biological Invasions, Vienna (Austria), 27 - 29 September 2006. Book of Abstracts, pp. 251 - 252.", "Soderstrom, A. (1920) Studien uber die Polychaetenfamilie Spionidae. Inaugural-Dissertation. Almquist & Wicksells, Uppsala, 286 pp. [not seen]"]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Surugiu, Victor |
author_facet |
Surugiu, Victor |
author_sort |
Surugiu, Victor |
title |
Dipolydora quadrilobata Jacobi 1883 |
title_short |
Dipolydora quadrilobata Jacobi 1883 |
title_full |
Dipolydora quadrilobata Jacobi 1883 |
title_fullStr |
Dipolydora quadrilobata Jacobi 1883 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dipolydora quadrilobata Jacobi 1883 |
title_sort |
dipolydora quadrilobata jacobi 1883 |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6172875 https://zenodo.org/record/6172875 |
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ENVELOPE(-64.084,-64.084,-65.248,-65.248) ENVELOPE(167.217,167.217,-77.483,-77.483) ENVELOPE(-55.500,-55.500,-63.350,-63.350) ENVELOPE(-60.811,-60.811,-62.471,-62.471) ENVELOPE(-60.633,-60.633,-63.867,-63.867) ENVELOPE(-62.300,-62.300,-64.667,-64.667) |
geographic |
Arctic Bering Sea Okhotsk White Sea Pacific Rasmussen Fang Bianchi Noto Awl Castelli |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Bering Sea Okhotsk White Sea Pacific Rasmussen Fang Bianchi Noto Awl Castelli |
genre |
Arctic Bering Sea White Sea |
genre_facet |
Arctic Bering Sea White Sea |
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6172875 2023-05-15T15:21:13+02:00 Dipolydora quadrilobata Jacobi 1883 Surugiu, Victor 2012 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6172875 https://zenodo.org/record/6172875 unknown Zenodo http://publication.plazi.org/id/212CFFB74A7DDF34FF98D45BAA2CFFF2 http://zoobank.org/9A6DC72D-15EE-45E2-99C9-00021D01F481 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.208946 http://publication.plazi.org/id/212CFFB74A7DDF34FF98D45BAA2CFFF2 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.208950 http://zoobank.org/9A6DC72D-15EE-45E2-99C9-00021D01F481 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6172874 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC0 Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae Dipolydora Dipolydora quadrilobata article-journal ScholarlyArticle Taxonomic treatment Text 2012 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6172875 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.208946 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.208950 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6172874 2022-04-01T11:22:46Z Dipolydora quadrilobata (Jacobi, 1883) Figure 4 Polydora quadrilobata Jacobi, 1883: 3, 2 pls; Mesnil 1897: 87 –88, pl. 3, figs. 9–11; Fauvel 1927: 54, fig. 18 l–r; Uschakov 1955: 272, fig. 94 A–D; Blake 1969 a: 37 –51, figs. 27–37 (larvae); 1971: 13–15, fig. 9 (synonymy); Rasmussen 1973: 111 –112; Radashevsky 1993: 18–21, fig. 9 (synonymy); Sato-Okoshi 2000: 445. Polydora (Polydora) quadrilobata . Hartmann-Schröder 1996: 319 –320, fig. 144 a–f. Dipolydora quadrilobata . Blake 1996: 198, fig. 4.32 I–N. Material examined. Bulgaria: Sta. 190 – 4 /VA 2, Varna (43 °08.17ʹN, 28 ° 14.41 ʹE), 33.7 m, muddy seabed, 23 Mar 2008, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY044 (46); Romania: Sta. 89, Eforie Nord, 10 m, medium-grained sand, 20 Aug 2003, coll. V. Abaza (1); Sta. 91, Tuzla, 10 m, sand mixed with shell debris, 20 Aug 2003, coll. V. Abaza (6); Sta. BS07/MA07 (43 ° 46.47 ʹN, 28 ° 31.05 ʹE), 33.5 m, silty mud, 20 Apr 2007, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY045 (2); Sta. BS05/ 66 (44 ° 13.37 ʹN, 29 ° 38.03 ʹE), 60.3 m, mud with Modiolula phaseolina (Philippi, 1844), 10 Aug 2007, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY046 (2); Sta. BS05/01 (44 ° 19.29 ʹN, 29 ° 30.27 ʹE), 56 m, greenish-grey mud with Mytilus galloprovincialis and M. phaseolina shells, 11 Aug 2007, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY047 (99); Sta. BS05/03 (44 ° 19 ʹ 27 ʹ N, 29 ° 33 ʹ 35 ʹ E), 54.5 m, mud with M. phaseolina , 11 Aug 2007, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY048 (357); Sta. BS05/ 28 (44 ° 11.29 ʹN, 29 ° 40.57 ʹE), 60.6 m, mud with M. phaseolina , 11 Aug 2007, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY049 (3); Sta. S–RO 1 –02 Portiţa (44 ° 38.482 ʹN, 29 ° 39.845 ʹE), 50.1 m, black muds with Melinna palmata and Mya arenaria , 7 Apr 2008, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY050 (114); Sta. BS08/ 91 – 1 (43 ° 50 ʹ 29.43 ʹ N, 29 ° 15 ʹ 27.68 ʹ E), 62.5 m, mud with M. phaseolina , 21 Jun 2008, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY051 (2); Sta. BS08/05 (43 ° 59 ʹ31.00ʹ N, 29 ° 21 ʹ 31.18 ʹ E), 56 m, greenish-grey mud with Mytilus and Modiolula shells, 22 Jun 2008, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY052 (92); Sta. BS08/ 45 – 1 (43 ° 55 ʹ 29.71 ʹ N, 29 ° 21 ʹ 24.84 ʹ E), 59.8 m, greenish-grey mud with Mytilus and Modiolula shells, 22 Jun 2008, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY053 (9); Sta. BS08/ 22 (43 ° 57 ʹ 31 ʹ N, 29 ° 17 ʹ 81 ʹ E), 55.3 m, greenish-grey mud with Mytilus and Modiolula shells, 23 Jun 2008, coll. A. Teacä, MNINGA PLY054 (5); Ukraine: Sta. 140 – 3 /Phy 4 a (45 ° 39.11 ʹN, 31 ° 20.78 ʹE), 46.1 m, pelitic sand with shell rubble and Phyllophora , 15 Mar 2008, MNINGA PLY055 (3); Sta. 156 – 2 /DN 10 (45 ° 26.95 ʹN, 30 ° 59.28 ʹE), 45.5 m, pelitic sand with shell rubble and Phyllophora , 17 Mar 2008, MNINGA PLY056 (287); Sta. 159 – 4 /Phy 7 (45 ° 34.13 ʹN, 30 ° 17.38 ʹE), 23.4 m, silty mud with Mytilus shells, 18 Mar 2008, MNINGA PLY057 (2). Description. Up to 15 mm long, 0.75 mm wide at chaetiger 5, with up to 90 chaetigers. Colour of preserved worms pale yellowish. Body without dorsal pigmentation. Prostomium more or less distinctly incised anteriorly, forming two rounded lobes; caruncle indistinct, extending to posterior end of chaetiger 3 (Fig. 4 A). Occipital antenna absent. Eyes usually absent in adults; juveniles with four eyes arranged in nearly straight transverse row with the outer pair larger and irregular in shape. Nuchal organs as long, narrow ciliary bands on lateral sides of caruncle. Palps long, flexible, with prominent ciliated groove, extending posteriorly to chaetiger 15. Chaetiger 1 biramous, with well-developed podial lobes, carrying both short notopodial capillaries and more numerous neuropodial capillaries (Fig. 4 A). Chaetigers 2–4 and 6 with noto- and neuropodial fascicles of winged capillary chaetae (Fig. 4 A–B). Notochaetae arranged in two vertical rows of shorter and thicker capillaries plus a dorsal superior tuft of longer and thinner capillaries. Neurochaetae also as two vertical rows of thick capillaries and a ventral inferior tuft of thinner and shorter capillaries. Number of capillary notochaetae diminishing toward posterior end. In far posterior notopodia capillaries completely replaced by stout, sharply pointed spines arranged in semicircular row (Fig. 4 E–F); number of spines increasing from 1–3 in a tuft up to 16, providing a spinous appearance to posterior end. Chaetiger 5 modified, larger than adjacent segments, without postchaetal lamellae and carrying a horizontal curved row of 4–6 large spines (Fig. 4 A–B). Modified spines of chaetiger 5 falcate, distally curved, with two nearly equal teeth and a tuft of fine bristles in concavity between teeth. Companion chaetae absent (see Remarks). Dorsal superior fascicle of chaetiger 5 with up to seven geniculate limbate chaetae arranged in a vertical or oblique row (Fig. 4 C–D); ventral inferior fascicle as compact tuft of up to 9 winged capillaries. Neuropodial bidentate hooded hooks, up to six in vertical row from chaetiger 7. Main fang of hook at obtuse angle to shaft and at reduced angle to distal smaller tooth. Shafts of hooks strongly curved, without constriction and manubrium. In anterior neuropodia up to four inferior capillaries present ventral to hooks. In posterior neuropodia inferior capillaries diminishing in number, becoming narrow and non-winged. Branchiae from chaetiger 7, short at first, reaching full size by chaetiger 10–12, absent from posterior third of body, not connected to notopodial lobes. Pygidium with four subequal lobes (Fig. 4 F). Habitat and ecology. On the Romanian coast D. quadrilobata is found in soft sediments (fine sand, muddy sand, sandy mud, silty mud, and mud) at 10– 100 m. However, the species is most common and abundant between 40–60 m in mud between beds of Modiolula phaseolina , with densities up to 2600 ind. m– 2. The worm constructs permanent tubes that stand erect in the substrate, extending 15–20 mm. Tubes straight, up to 40 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, built of fine sand grains bound by silt and detrital particles. The upper part of tube is smooth and greyish-brown in colour, while the lower part, buried in sediment, is coarser and rusty-coloured. Reproduction and development. Not known to date in the Black Sea. Distribution. Arctic-boreal species, reported from the Pacific (Blake 1996) and Atlantic coasts of North America (Blake 1971), Sea of Japan and Sea of Okhotsk (Sato-Okoshi 2000), Bering Sea (Uschakov 1955; Radashevsky 1993), White Sea (Khaitov et al . 1999); North Sea (Rasmussen 1973; Hartmann-Schröder 1996), British Channel, Kiel Bay, Baltic Sea, Atlantic coast of Europe (Fauvel 1927), Adriatic Sea (Castelli et al . 1995; Požar-Domac 1978) and Black Sea (Todorova & Panayotova 2006). Remarks. There is little confusion regarding the taxonomic position of Dipolydora quadrilobata . This species is closely related to D. caulleryi in having heavy, protruding, awl-shaped notopodial spines in far posterior segments and a pygidium divided into four nearly equal lobes, both falling into the ʹ armata/ caulleryi ʹ subgroup ( sensu Blake 1996). Söderström (1920) even considered D. quadrilobata to be a juvenile of D. caulleryi . Nevertheless, Dipolydora quadrilobata is unique among species of the Polydora complex by having modified spines of chaetiger 5 expanded distally into two nearly equal teeth with a bushy tuft of fine bristles between them, and by four eyes arranged in a nearly straight transverse row (Blake 1996). The Black Sea specimens match the morphological descriptions of specimens from northern Europe (Hartmann-Schröder 1996) or from northern Pacific (Radashevsky 1993). However, brown reticulated pigmentation on anterior end of body reported by many authors (Fauvel 1927; Blake 1971, 1996; Radashevsky 1993; Hartmann-Schröder 1996) was absent in the Black Sea specimens. Sato-Okoshi (2000), however, indicates that in Japan this pigmentation was present only in some specimens. Also, in one individual were observed two limbate capillaries near the bases of the major spines of chaetiger 5, like normal companion chaetae (Fig. 4 D). : Published as part of Surugiu, Victor, 2012, Systematics and ecology of species of the Polydora - complex (Polychaeta: Spionidae) of the Black Sea, pp. 45-65 in Zootaxa 3518 on pages 53-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.208946 : {"references": ["Jacobi, R. (1883) Anatomisch-histogische Untersuchung der Polydoren der Keiler Bucht. Inaugural Dissertation, Keil: 1 - 35.", "Mesnil, F. (1897) Etudes de morphologie externe chez les Annelides. II. Remarques complementaires sur les Spionidiens, la famille nouvelle de disomidiens. La place des Aonides (sensu Tauber, Levinsen). Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 30, 83 - 100, pl. 1.", "Fauvel, P. (1927) Polychetes sedentaires. Addenda aux Errantes, Archiannelides, Myzostomaires. Faune de France 16, Paul Lechevalier, Paris, 494 pp.", "Uschakov, P. V. (1955) Polychaeta of the Far Eastern Seas of the U. S. S. R. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Moscow-Leningrad, 445 pp.", "Blake, J. A. (1969 a) Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Ophelia, 7, 1 - 63.", "Rasmussen, E. (1973) Systematics and ecology of the Isefjord marine fauna (Denmark). Ophelia, 11, 1 - 507.", "Sato-Okoshi, W. (2000) Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 80, 443 - 456.", "Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1996) Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. Vol. 2. Neubearbeitete Auflage, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 58, 648 pp.", "Blake, J. A. (1996) Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. Including a review of the genera and species from California and a revision of the genus Polydora Bosc, 1802. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. & Scott, P. H. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Vol. 6. The Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 81 - 223.", "Blake, J. A. (1971) Revision of the Genus Polydora from the East Coast of North America (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 75, 1 - 32.", "Khaitov, V. M., Fokin, M. V. & Nicolaeva, A. M. (1999) Structure of communities associated with dense assemblages of the tube-dwelling polychaete Polydora quadrilobata Jacobi (Spionidae) in the White Sea. Hydrobiologia, 393, 221 - 226.", "Castelli, A., Abbiati, M., Badalamenti, F., Bianchi, C. N., Cantone, G., Gambi, M. C., Giangrande, A., Gravina, M. F., Lanera, P., Lardicci, C., Somaschini, A. & Sordino, P. (1995) Annelida Polychaeta, Pogonophora, Echiura, Sipuncula. In: Minelli, A., Ruffo, S. & La Posta, S. (Eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana. Vol. 19. Annelida: Polychaeta, Pogonophora, Echiura, Sipuncula. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, pp. 1 - 45.", "Pozar-Domac, A. (1978) Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the Adriatic Sea. 1. Northern and central Adriatic. Acta Adriatica, 19, 2 - 59.", "Todorova, V. R. & Panayotova, M. D. (2006) Alien aquatic fauna from the Bulgarian Black Sea and coastal lakes - an inventory of introductions and impacts. NEOBIOTA. From Ecology to Conservation. 4 th European Conference on Biological Invasions, Vienna (Austria), 27 - 29 September 2006. Book of Abstracts, pp. 251 - 252.", "Soderstrom, A. (1920) Studien uber die Polychaetenfamilie Spionidae. Inaugural-Dissertation. Almquist & Wicksells, Uppsala, 286 pp. [not seen]"]} Text Arctic Bering Sea White Sea DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Arctic Bering Sea Okhotsk White Sea Pacific Rasmussen ENVELOPE(-64.084,-64.084,-65.248,-65.248) Fang ENVELOPE(167.217,167.217,-77.483,-77.483) Bianchi ENVELOPE(-55.500,-55.500,-63.350,-63.350) Noto ENVELOPE(-60.811,-60.811,-62.471,-62.471) Awl ENVELOPE(-60.633,-60.633,-63.867,-63.867) Castelli ENVELOPE(-62.300,-62.300,-64.667,-64.667) |