Thenea muricata Bowerbank 1858
Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) (Figures 18 E–F, 21–23, Table 5) Synonymy (modified from Maldonado (2002)). Tethea muricata Bowerbank, 1858: Bowerbank 1858, p. 308, pl. 25. fig. 18; Bowerbank 1872, p. 115, pl. V, figs. 1-6. Thenea muricata : Gray 1867, p. 541; Sollas 1888, p. 95; Topsent 1892, p....
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Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6166256 https://zenodo.org/record/6166256 |
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openpolar |
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Open Polar |
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DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Astrophorida Theneidae Thenea Thenea muricata |
spellingShingle |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Astrophorida Theneidae Thenea Thenea muricata Cárdenas, Paco Rapp, Hans Tore Thenea muricata Bowerbank 1858 |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Astrophorida Theneidae Thenea Thenea muricata |
description |
Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) (Figures 18 E–F, 21–23, Table 5) Synonymy (modified from Maldonado (2002)). Tethea muricata Bowerbank, 1858: Bowerbank 1858, p. 308, pl. 25. fig. 18; Bowerbank 1872, p. 115, pl. V, figs. 1-6. Thenea muricata : Gray 1867, p. 541; Sollas 1888, p. 95; Topsent 1892, p. 37; Topsent 1894, p. 375; Lambe 1896, p. 202; Lambe 1900, p. 26; Topsent 1913 a; Stephens 1915, p. 11; Ferrer-Hernández 1922, p. 2; Sarà 1958, p. 216; Gamulin-Brida 1969, p. 89; Pulitzer-Finali 1972, p. 348; Uriz 1981, p. 48; Steenstrup & Tendal 1982, p. 259; Pulitzer-Finali 1983, p. 474; Pansini 1987 b, p. 43; Uriz & Rosell 1990, p. 48; Pansini & Musso 1991, Table 2; Boury-Esnault et al. 1994, p. 51; Maldonado 2002, p. 156; Voultsiadou 2005, Table 1; van Soest et al . 2007, Table 2; Cárdenas et al . 2011, Table S 1. Ancorina ( Thenea ) muricata : von Lendenfeld 1903, p. 53. ? Ancorina ( Thenea ) muricata : Babiç 1914, p. 152. Wyvillethomsonia wallichii Wright, 1870: Wright 1870, p. 8. Thenea wallichii : Sollas 1882, p. 427. Dorvillia agariciformis Kent, 1870: Kent 1870, p. 293. Tisiphonia agariciformis : Thomson 1873, p. 167. Clavellomorpha minima Hansen, 1885: Hansen 1885, p. 19. ? Thenea ( muricata ) schmidti Sollas, 1886: Babiç 1915, p. 389; Babiç 1922, p. 282. Thenea intermedia Sollas, 1888: Sollas 1888, p. 97. Not Thenea schmidti Sollas, 1886: Sollas 1886, p. 183; Sollas 1888, p. 67 (this study) Material. ZMBN 85232, Brattholmen, Hjeltefjord, western Norway, 100 m; ZMBN 85252 (a/b), Bømlafjorden, Midtvikøy, western Norway, 59 ° 40 'N, 5 ° 24 'E, 230 - 90 m, triangular dredge; ZMBN 85231, west of Marstein, western Norway, 60 ° 8 ' 18 ''N, 4 ° 50 ' 47 ''E, 300 m, Agassiz trawl; ZMBN 87920, Sognefjorden deep basin, off Lånefjorden, Western Norway, 61 °08.3'N, 6 ° 10 'E, 1232 - 1225 m, Agassiz trawl; ZMBN 85253, mid Norway, 63 °08.54'N, 8 ° 13.37 'E, 165 m, Møre 2006 cruise; NTNU-VM 54908, Trollsteinen, mid Norway, 64 ° 35 ' 59.9 "N, 11 ° 1 ' 30 "E, 420 m; NTNU-VM 54909, Kinebbneset, Trondheimsfjorden western Norway, 63 ° 32 ' 28 "N, 9 ° 49 ' 47.2 "E; NTNU-VM 55655, Tautra, Trondheimsfjorden, mid Norway, 63 ° 32 ' 17.99 "N, 10 ° 30 ' 33.99 "E, 160 m; NTNU-VM 55622, north of Smøla Island, mid Norway, 63 ° 37 ' 50 "N, 7 ° 59 ' 14.9 "E, 300 m; NTNU-VM 55843, Haltenbanken, mid Norway, 64 ° 14 ' 56 ''N, 9 °0' 3.7 ''E. Comparative material . Thenea muricata , ZMAPOR 19481, Rockall Bank, 55 ° 31 ' 7.9 "N, 15 ° 48 ' 27.54 "W, 844-857 m; MNHN- DCL 3436, Banuyls, France, 800 m, Ecomarge 1985; MNHN-DCL 4083, off Cape Santa Maria di Leuca, Italy, 39 ° 34.01 'N, 18 ° 26.16 'E, 585 m, MEDECO 2007 cruise; ZMBN 85254, Gulf of Cadiz, Balgim campaign, St. CP25, 36° 41 ' 5 ''N, 7 ° 19 ' 4 ''W, 544 m. Thenea schmidti , ZMAPOR 18036, Gulf of Cadiz, 35 ° 47 ' 59.9 "N, 7 ° 47 ' 59.9 "W, 443 m. Outer morphology (Fig. 21 A-B). Massive sub-spherical sponge. ZMBN 85231 is 2.8 cm long and 2.6 cm high. ZMBN 85252 (a/b) are made of “fused specimens” (4-8 cm of diameter). These larger specimens have many stringlike buds on its top surface, these can reach 2 cm long. ZMBN 85232 is a half damaged specimen. All specimens are slightly compressible. Surface is minutely hispid, like sand-paper. Color alive and in ethanol is brown. Choanosome is whitish to brownish (alive and in ethanol). Single, circular to ellipsoid oscule situated in the top (3 mm in ZMBN 85231, 1- 4 mm in ZMBN 85252); a conspicuous whitish sphincter surrounds it and there is no sieve. The sieved pore area runs along the equatorial side of the specimen (ZMBN 85231) or can extend itself in the entire lower part of the specimen (ZMBM 85252). All specimens have roots. Skeleton (Fig. 21 C-D). Like T. abyssorum . Depending on where the section is made, plesiasters are rare (especially in the choanosome) to very abundant (especially under the ectosome). Protriaenes are found under the ectosome as well (Fig. 21 D), they can be rare to common depending on the specimen. Anatriaenes were observed in the choanosome associated in bundles with triaenes (Fig. 21 D); they were also observed coming out of the top surface. Spicules (ZMBN 85231) (Figs. 18 E-F, 21 D-F). (a) oxeas, slightly bent, length: 4000- 5196.4 - 5925 µm (N= 7); width: 30- 41.4 - 55 µm (N= 7). (b) dichotriaenes (Fig. 21 D-E), rhabdome is straight to bent, or even flexuous, length: 1925- 2972 - 3875 µm (N= 9); width: 23- 49.6 - 80 µm; protoclad length: 190- 284.5 - 370 µm; deuteroclad length: 350- 564 - 900 µm. (c) anatriaenes (Fig. 21 F), common, straight, bent or flexuous rhabdome, length: 1550- 3976.1 - 4675 µm (N= 23); rhabdome width: 5- 11.8 - 22 µm; two shapes, the smaller ones, probably younger forms (with clad length: 60-85 µm and rhabdome width: 5-9 µm) have a regular umbrella-shape, the larger more common ones have bent clads, clad length: 60- 157.1 - 242 µm. (d) protriaenes, rare, straight, rhabdome length> 1000 µm; rhabdome width: 50 µm (N= 1); clad length:> 600 µm (N= 1). (e) spirasters (and few metasters) (Fig. 18 F), spined, length: 13- 23.2 - 32.5 µm. (f) plesiasters (Fig. 18 E), 3-7 actines, faintly spined (hardly visible with an optical microscope), actine length: 16.6 - 37.0 - 70.3 actine width: 1.7- 3.5 - 10 Reproduction. We observed oocytes in vitellogenetic phase (A. Ereskovsky, pers. comm.) in the thick sections of T. schmidti (ZMAPOR 18036, collected at the end of August 2004) and T. muricata (ZMBN 85231, collected mid-June 2008). Spermatogenesis has been observed in T. muricata from Norway, possibly collected in May (Sollas 1882). Oocytes and spermatocytes have already been observed simultaneously in T. muricata from the Adriatic Sea indicating that this species can be hermaphrodite (Babiç 1915). Elongated thread-like buds are common on the upper surface of large Norwegian specimens (e.g. ZMBN 85252) whereas they seem to be more subglobular in Mediterranean samples (Uriz 1981, Fig. 28). Distribution (Fig. 22). Greenland, Denmark Strait and southern Iceland (Steenstrup & Tendal 1982); Norway (Bowerbank 1872; Sollas 1882; Topsent 1913 a; Steenstrup & Tendal 1982); Rockall Bank (van Soest et al. 2007); northern Spain (Ferrer-Hernández 1922); Azores (Topsent 1892; 1904); Gulf of Cadiz (Boury-Esnault et al. 1994); Mediterranean Sea (Sollas 1888; Sarà 1958; Gamulin-Brida 1969; Pulitzer-Finali 1972; Uriz 1981; Pulitzer-Finali 1983; Uriz & Rosell 1990; Pansini & Musso 1991; Boury-Esnault et al. 1994; Voultsiadou, 2005);? Canada (Topsent 1892; Lambe 1896). As T. schmidti : Puerto Rico (Sollas 1888); Azores (Topsent 1892; 1904); Gulf of Cadiz (Sollas 1888; this study); Cape Verde (van Soest 1993); Mediterranean Sea (Babiç 1915; 1922; Pansini 1987 b). Depth. For T. muricata : 60-2940 m (Steenstrup & Tendal 1982; Voultsiadou 2005); for T. schmidti in the Azores: 349–4020 m (Topsent 1904). Discussion. The Norwegian specimens fully agree with the redescription of this species (Steenstrup & Tendal 1982). It is the most widespread Thenea species (Fig. 22): its northernmost localities are at the moment in Eastern Greenland and the Denmark Strait while its southernmost localities are off Morocco. We have never identified T. muricata in northern Norway or the Barents Sea. We re-examined the T. muricata specimens (ZMAPOR 2385) collected by Vosmaer (1885) in the Barents Sea, and re-identified them as T. valdiviae based on the presence of sieves covering their oscules (vs. “naked” oscules with a conspicuous whitish sphincter in T. muricata ). We therefore agree with Steenstrup and Tendal (1982) that other arctic records of T. muricata are likely to be T. valdiviae (e.g. Hansen 1885; Koltun 1966). T. muricata from the Zanzibar area is suspicious and probably a misidentification (Burton 1959 a). T. schmidti is distributed from the Azores to Gibraltar (Fig. 22) and originally characterized by i) a highdensity of larger plesiasters, ii) a poorly developed choanosome tissue, iii) larger choanocyte chambers and iv) a large oscule sphincter (Sollas, 1888). Our specimen of T. schmidti (Fig. 23) corresponds in every point to this description. Stephens (1915) compared her Irish T. muricata with T. schmidti and often could not tell which one had the most plesiasters. Indeed, Norwegian T. muricata could show abundant plesiasters but these were localized in certain areas (e.g. under the ectosome), whereas T. schmidti appeared uniformly filled with plesiasters (Fig. 23 C–D). The choanocyte chambers seemed a bit bigger (50-60 µm) for T. schmidti , but not as much as the ones measured by Sollas (1888): up to 90 µm. Mediterranean specimens of Thenea have raised doubts concerning the validity of T. schmidti . Sollas (1888) described T. intermedia with few plesiasters associated with poorly developed choanosome tissue and large choanocyte chambers (with measurements intermediate between T. schmidti and T. muricata from Norway). On the contrary, Topsent (1904) described a Mediterranean specimen with numerous plesiasters (as large as in T. schmidti ) associated with dense choanosomal tissue. Therefore, these characters have been considered to be variable and T. schmidti was synonymized with T. muricata (Uriz 1981; Steenstrup & Tendal 1982). The Mediterranean specimen we examined is small (6 mm high, without the roots). It has numerous plesiasters, but not as large as in T. schmidti (Table 5). Genetic data (Fig. 25) show that our Mediterranean specimen has the same COI and 28 S sequence as T. muricata (ZMBN 85231) so Mediterranean specimens are likely to be T. muricata with numerous plesiasters. Meanwhile, even though T. schmidti (ZMAPOR 18036) has the exact same COI Folmer fragment as T. muricata , its faster evolving 28 S (C 1 –D 2) sequence is significantly different (Fig. 25). This strongly suggests that T. schmidti is a valid NEA species and that we are not focusing on the right characters to differentiate it. The amount of plesiasters and the size of the choanocyte chambers do not seem to be reliable characters; the size of plesiasters does not seem to be a good character as they can be fairly large in T. muricata as well (Table 5). The very large plesiasters (actins of 420–540 µm length) found by Babiç (1915) in Thenea from the Adriatic Sea (Table 5) are puzzling at the moment. The white broad sphincter around the oscule of T. schmidti might be a more reliable character, but we need more specimens to confirm this. An even more southern species is Thenea bojeadori von Lendenfeld, 1907 (and its possible synonyms T. microclada von Lendenfeld, 1907 and T. megastrella von Lendenfeld, 1907) which can be found all along the northern coast of Africa (Lévi 1959; Cruz 2002) (Fig. 22). The status of T. bojeadori would also need to be reevaluated in order to clearly separate it from T. schmidti and T. muricata (Table 5). Material Depth Plesiaster Spiraster/metaster (m) (actin length) (length) ..... continued on the next page Material Depth Plesiaster Spiraster/metaster (m) (actin length) (length) MNHN-DCL 3436 * 800 31– 126.9 – 247 18– 25.2 – 39 Banyuls France (abundant) (10) Adriatic Sea - 420–540 21 (Babiç 1915) (abundant) : Published as part of Cárdenas, Paco & Rapp, Hans Tore, 2012, A review of Norwegian streptaster-bearing Astrophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae: Tetractinellida), new records and a new species, pp. 1-52 in Zootaxa 3253 on pages 39-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280590 : {"references": ["Bowerbank, J. S. (1858) On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadae. Part I. On the Spicula. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 148, 279 - 332, pls XXII - XXVI.", "Maldonado, M. (2002) Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 141 - 162.", "Bowerbank, J. S. (1872) Contributions to a General History of the Spongiadae. Part I. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1872, 115 - 129, pls V - VI.", "Gray, J. E. (1867) Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 2, 492 - 558, pls XXVII - XXVIII.", "Sollas, W. J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 25, 1 - 458, pls I - XLIV, 1 map.", "Topsent, E. (1892) Contribution a l'etude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord (Golfe de Gascogne, Terre-Neuve, Acores). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 2, 1 - 165, pls I - XI.", "Topsent, E. (1894) Etude monographique des spongiaires de France I. Tetractinellida. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 3, 259 - 400, pls. XI - XVI.", "Lambe, L. M. (1896) Sponges from the Atlantic coast of Canada. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 2, 181 - 211, pls I - III.", "Lambe, L. M. (1900) Sponges from the coasts of Northeastern Canada and Greenland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, VI, 19 - 48, pls I - VI.", "Topsent, E. (1913 a) Spongiaires de l'Expedition Antarctique Nationale Ecossaise. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 49, 579 - 643, pls I - VI.", "Stephens, J. (1915) Sponges of the Coasts of Ireland. I. - The Triaxonia and part of the Tetraxonida. Fisheries, Ireland Scientific Investigations, 1914, 1 - 43, pls I - V.", "Ferrer-Hernandez, F. (1922) Mas datos para el conocimiento de las esponjas de las costas espanolas. Boletin de pescas, Sept. Oct. y Nov., 1 - 26, pl. 1 - 2.", "Sara, M. (1958) Contributo all conoscenza dei Poriferi del Mar Ligure (1). Annali di Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Genova, 70, 207 - 244.", "Gamulin-Brida, H. (1969) A contribution to the study of the tetractinellid sponge Thenea muricata with special consideration of its importance in the bionomics of the Adriatic Sea. Thalassia Jugoslavica, 5, 89 - 93.", "Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1972) Report on a collection of sponges from the Bay of Naples. 1. Sclerospongiae, Lithistida, Tetractinellida, Epipolasida. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli, 38, 328 - 354.", "Uriz, M. J. (1981) Estudio sistematico de las esponjas Astrophorida (Demospongia) de los fondos de pesca de Arrastre, entre Tossa y Calella (Cataluna). Boletin (Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia), 6, 8 - 58.", "Steenstrup, E. & Tendal, O. S. (1982) The genus Thenea (Porifera, Demospongiae, Choristida) in the Norwegian Sea and adjacent waters; an annotated key. Sarsia, 67, 259 - 268.", "Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1983) A collection of Mediterranean Demospongiae (Porifera) with, in appendix, a list of Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the Mediterranean Sea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 84, 445 - 621.", "Pansini, M. (1987 b) Report on a collection of Demospongiae from soft bottoms of the Eastern Adriatic Sea. Publications of the Sherkin Island Marine Station, 1, 41 - 43.", "Uriz, M. - J. & Rosell, D. (1990) Sponges from bathyal depths (1000 - 1750 m) in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Natural History, 24, 373 - 391.", "Pansini, M. & Musso, B. (1991) Sponges from Trawl-Exploitable Bottoms of Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas: Distribution and Ecology. Marine Ecology, 12, 317 - 329.", "Boury-Esnault, N., Pansini, M. & Uriz, M. J. (1994) Spongiaires bathyaux de la mer d'Alboran et du golfe ibero-marocain. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 160, 1 - 174.", "Voultsiadou, E. (2005) Sponge diversity in the Aegean Sea: Check list and new information. Italian Journal of Zoology, 72, 53 - 64.", "van Soest, R. W. M., Cleary, D. F. R., de Kluijver, M. J., Lavaleye, M. S. S., Maier, C. & van Duyl, F. C. (2007) Sponge diversity and community composition in Irish bathyal coral reefs. Contributions to Zoology, 76, 121 - 142.", "Cardenas, P., Xavier, J. R., Reveillaud, J., Schander, C. & Rapp, H. T. (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiae p) reveals an unexpected high level of spicule homoplasy. PLoS ONE, 6, e 18318. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0018318.", "von Lendenfeld, R. (1903) Porifera. Tetraxonia. In: Schulze, F. E. (Ed.) Das Tierreich., Friedlander: Berlin, pp. vi - xv, 1 - 168.", "Babic, K. (1914) Uber Ancorina (Thenea) muricata (Bowerbank). Zoologischen Anzeiger, XLV, 152 - 158.", "Wright, P. (1870) Notes on Sponges. 1, On Hyalonema mirabilis, Gray. 2, Aphrocallistes Bocagei sp. nov. 3, On a new Genus and Species of Deep Sea Sponge. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 10, 1 - 9, pls. I - III.", "Sollas, W. J. (1882) The sponge-fauna of Norway; a Report on the Rev. A. M. Norman's Collection of Sponges from the Norwegian Coast. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 426 - 453, pl XVII.", "Kent, W. S. (1870) On a New Anchoring Sponge, Dorvillia agariciformis. Monthly Microscopical Journal, 4, 293 - 295, pl. LXVI.", "Thomson, C. W. (1873) The Depths of the Sea. Macmillan and Co., London, 527 pp.", "Hansen, G. A. (1885) Spongiadae. The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition 1876 - 1878. Zoologi, 13, 1 - 26, pls I - VII, 1 map.", "Sollas, W. J. (1886) Preliminary account of the Tetractinellid sponges Dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' 1872 - 76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (new series), 5, 177 - 199.", "Babic, K. (1915) Zur Kenntnis der Theneen. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 40, 389 - 408, pl. 16 - 18.", "Babic, K. (1922) Monactinellida und Tetractinellida des Adriatischen Meeres. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 46, 217 - 302, pls 8 - 9.", "Topsent, E. (1904) Spongiaires des Acores. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 25, 1 - 280, pls 1 - 18.", "van Soest, R. W. M. (1993) Affinities of the marine Demosponge fauna of the Cape Verde Islands and tropical West Africa. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 159, 205 - 219.", "Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1885) The Sponges of the ' Willem Barents' Expedition 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 1 - 47, pls I - V.", "Koltun, V. M. (1966) Four-rayed sponges of Northern and Far Eastern seas of the USSR (order Tetraxonida). Opredeliti Faunei SSSR 90. (Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR: Moscow, Leningrad), 1 - 112, pls I - XXXVIII.", "Burton, M. (1959 a) Sponges. In: Scientific Reports. John Murray Expedition, 1933 - 34. British Museum (Natural History): London, 151 - 281.", "von Lendenfeld, R. (1907) Die Tetraxonia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899, 11, i - iv, 59 - 374, pls IX - XLVI.", "Levi, C. (1959) Resultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la ' Calypso'. Campagne de la ' Calypso' dans le Golfe de Guinee et aux iles Principe, Sao Tome et Annobon. 5. Spongiaires. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, 37, 115 - 141, pls 5 - 6.", "Cruz, T. (2002) Esponjas marinas de Canarias. Consejeria de Politica Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias, S / C Tenerife, 260 pp."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Cárdenas, Paco Rapp, Hans Tore |
author_facet |
Cárdenas, Paco Rapp, Hans Tore |
author_sort |
Cárdenas, Paco |
title |
Thenea muricata Bowerbank 1858 |
title_short |
Thenea muricata Bowerbank 1858 |
title_full |
Thenea muricata Bowerbank 1858 |
title_fullStr |
Thenea muricata Bowerbank 1858 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Thenea muricata Bowerbank 1858 |
title_sort |
thenea muricata bowerbank 1858 |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6166256 https://zenodo.org/record/6166256 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(166.733,166.733,-72.550,-72.550) ENVELOPE(-82.713,-82.713,-79.863,-79.863) ENVELOPE(-62.167,-62.167,-74.500,-74.500) ENVELOPE(-16.519,-16.519,55.821,55.821) ENVELOPE(-154.267,-154.267,-85.817,-85.817) ENVELOPE(-63.883,-63.883,-64.700,-64.700) ENVELOPE(161.967,161.967,-76.450,-76.450) ENVELOPE(12.601,12.601,64.648,64.648) ENVELOPE(8.034,8.034,63.357,63.357) ENVELOPE(23.858,23.858,66.027,66.027) ENVELOPE(12.518,12.518,66.283,66.283) ENVELOPE(13.505,13.505,66.777,66.777) ENVELOPE(9.829,9.829,63.541,63.541) |
geographic |
Arctic Barents Sea Norwegian Sea Canada Greenland Norway Burton Genova Hernandez Rockall Bank Pulitzer Ferrer Cleary Folmer Smøla Tossa Tautra Brattholmen Kinebbneset |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Barents Sea Norwegian Sea Canada Greenland Norway Burton Genova Hernandez Rockall Bank Pulitzer Ferrer Cleary Folmer Smøla Tossa Tautra Brattholmen Kinebbneset |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctique* Arctic Barents Sea Denmark Strait Greenland Iceland North Atlantic Northern Norway Norwegian Sea Terre-Neuve |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctique* Arctic Barents Sea Denmark Strait Greenland Iceland North Atlantic Northern Norway Norwegian Sea Terre-Neuve |
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Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6166256 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280590 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280608 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280611 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280612 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280613 https://doi.or |
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6166256 2023-05-15T13:44:28+02:00 Thenea muricata Bowerbank 1858 Cárdenas, Paco Rapp, Hans Tore 2012 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6166256 https://zenodo.org/record/6166256 unknown Zenodo http://publication.plazi.org/id/5A2EFFCFDC69FFB6FFA4FFC9FFB8FFE8 http://table.plazi.org/id/7AC16629DC43FF9CFF33FC1AFD20FBC6 http://table.plazi.org/id/7AC16629DC6BFFB4FF33FB4BFB4AFB11 http://zoobank.org/DD0346EE-DA54-426C-BA13-04B59BC0AFDC https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280590 http://publication.plazi.org/id/5A2EFFCFDC69FFB6FFA4FFC9FFB8FFE8 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280608 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280611 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280612 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280613 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280615 http://table.plazi.org/id/7AC16629DC43FF9CFF33FC1AFD20FBC6 http://table.plazi.org/id/7AC16629DC6BFFB4FF33FB4BFB4AFB11 http://zoobank.org/DD0346EE-DA54-426C-BA13-04B59BC0AFDC https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6166257 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC0 Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Astrophorida Theneidae Thenea Thenea muricata article-journal ScholarlyArticle Taxonomic treatment Text 2012 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6166256 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280590 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280608 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280611 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280612 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.280613 https://doi.or 2022-04-01T11:20:55Z Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) (Figures 18 E–F, 21–23, Table 5) Synonymy (modified from Maldonado (2002)). Tethea muricata Bowerbank, 1858: Bowerbank 1858, p. 308, pl. 25. fig. 18; Bowerbank 1872, p. 115, pl. V, figs. 1-6. Thenea muricata : Gray 1867, p. 541; Sollas 1888, p. 95; Topsent 1892, p. 37; Topsent 1894, p. 375; Lambe 1896, p. 202; Lambe 1900, p. 26; Topsent 1913 a; Stephens 1915, p. 11; Ferrer-Hernández 1922, p. 2; Sarà 1958, p. 216; Gamulin-Brida 1969, p. 89; Pulitzer-Finali 1972, p. 348; Uriz 1981, p. 48; Steenstrup & Tendal 1982, p. 259; Pulitzer-Finali 1983, p. 474; Pansini 1987 b, p. 43; Uriz & Rosell 1990, p. 48; Pansini & Musso 1991, Table 2; Boury-Esnault et al. 1994, p. 51; Maldonado 2002, p. 156; Voultsiadou 2005, Table 1; van Soest et al . 2007, Table 2; Cárdenas et al . 2011, Table S 1. Ancorina ( Thenea ) muricata : von Lendenfeld 1903, p. 53. ? Ancorina ( Thenea ) muricata : Babiç 1914, p. 152. Wyvillethomsonia wallichii Wright, 1870: Wright 1870, p. 8. Thenea wallichii : Sollas 1882, p. 427. Dorvillia agariciformis Kent, 1870: Kent 1870, p. 293. Tisiphonia agariciformis : Thomson 1873, p. 167. Clavellomorpha minima Hansen, 1885: Hansen 1885, p. 19. ? Thenea ( muricata ) schmidti Sollas, 1886: Babiç 1915, p. 389; Babiç 1922, p. 282. Thenea intermedia Sollas, 1888: Sollas 1888, p. 97. Not Thenea schmidti Sollas, 1886: Sollas 1886, p. 183; Sollas 1888, p. 67 (this study) Material. ZMBN 85232, Brattholmen, Hjeltefjord, western Norway, 100 m; ZMBN 85252 (a/b), Bømlafjorden, Midtvikøy, western Norway, 59 ° 40 'N, 5 ° 24 'E, 230 - 90 m, triangular dredge; ZMBN 85231, west of Marstein, western Norway, 60 ° 8 ' 18 ''N, 4 ° 50 ' 47 ''E, 300 m, Agassiz trawl; ZMBN 87920, Sognefjorden deep basin, off Lånefjorden, Western Norway, 61 °08.3'N, 6 ° 10 'E, 1232 - 1225 m, Agassiz trawl; ZMBN 85253, mid Norway, 63 °08.54'N, 8 ° 13.37 'E, 165 m, Møre 2006 cruise; NTNU-VM 54908, Trollsteinen, mid Norway, 64 ° 35 ' 59.9 "N, 11 ° 1 ' 30 "E, 420 m; NTNU-VM 54909, Kinebbneset, Trondheimsfjorden western Norway, 63 ° 32 ' 28 "N, 9 ° 49 ' 47.2 "E; NTNU-VM 55655, Tautra, Trondheimsfjorden, mid Norway, 63 ° 32 ' 17.99 "N, 10 ° 30 ' 33.99 "E, 160 m; NTNU-VM 55622, north of Smøla Island, mid Norway, 63 ° 37 ' 50 "N, 7 ° 59 ' 14.9 "E, 300 m; NTNU-VM 55843, Haltenbanken, mid Norway, 64 ° 14 ' 56 ''N, 9 °0' 3.7 ''E. Comparative material . Thenea muricata , ZMAPOR 19481, Rockall Bank, 55 ° 31 ' 7.9 "N, 15 ° 48 ' 27.54 "W, 844-857 m; MNHN- DCL 3436, Banuyls, France, 800 m, Ecomarge 1985; MNHN-DCL 4083, off Cape Santa Maria di Leuca, Italy, 39 ° 34.01 'N, 18 ° 26.16 'E, 585 m, MEDECO 2007 cruise; ZMBN 85254, Gulf of Cadiz, Balgim campaign, St. CP25, 36° 41 ' 5 ''N, 7 ° 19 ' 4 ''W, 544 m. Thenea schmidti , ZMAPOR 18036, Gulf of Cadiz, 35 ° 47 ' 59.9 "N, 7 ° 47 ' 59.9 "W, 443 m. Outer morphology (Fig. 21 A-B). Massive sub-spherical sponge. ZMBN 85231 is 2.8 cm long and 2.6 cm high. ZMBN 85252 (a/b) are made of “fused specimens” (4-8 cm of diameter). These larger specimens have many stringlike buds on its top surface, these can reach 2 cm long. ZMBN 85232 is a half damaged specimen. All specimens are slightly compressible. Surface is minutely hispid, like sand-paper. Color alive and in ethanol is brown. Choanosome is whitish to brownish (alive and in ethanol). Single, circular to ellipsoid oscule situated in the top (3 mm in ZMBN 85231, 1- 4 mm in ZMBN 85252); a conspicuous whitish sphincter surrounds it and there is no sieve. The sieved pore area runs along the equatorial side of the specimen (ZMBN 85231) or can extend itself in the entire lower part of the specimen (ZMBM 85252). All specimens have roots. Skeleton (Fig. 21 C-D). Like T. abyssorum . Depending on where the section is made, plesiasters are rare (especially in the choanosome) to very abundant (especially under the ectosome). Protriaenes are found under the ectosome as well (Fig. 21 D), they can be rare to common depending on the specimen. Anatriaenes were observed in the choanosome associated in bundles with triaenes (Fig. 21 D); they were also observed coming out of the top surface. Spicules (ZMBN 85231) (Figs. 18 E-F, 21 D-F). (a) oxeas, slightly bent, length: 4000- 5196.4 - 5925 µm (N= 7); width: 30- 41.4 - 55 µm (N= 7). (b) dichotriaenes (Fig. 21 D-E), rhabdome is straight to bent, or even flexuous, length: 1925- 2972 - 3875 µm (N= 9); width: 23- 49.6 - 80 µm; protoclad length: 190- 284.5 - 370 µm; deuteroclad length: 350- 564 - 900 µm. (c) anatriaenes (Fig. 21 F), common, straight, bent or flexuous rhabdome, length: 1550- 3976.1 - 4675 µm (N= 23); rhabdome width: 5- 11.8 - 22 µm; two shapes, the smaller ones, probably younger forms (with clad length: 60-85 µm and rhabdome width: 5-9 µm) have a regular umbrella-shape, the larger more common ones have bent clads, clad length: 60- 157.1 - 242 µm. (d) protriaenes, rare, straight, rhabdome length> 1000 µm; rhabdome width: 50 µm (N= 1); clad length:> 600 µm (N= 1). (e) spirasters (and few metasters) (Fig. 18 F), spined, length: 13- 23.2 - 32.5 µm. (f) plesiasters (Fig. 18 E), 3-7 actines, faintly spined (hardly visible with an optical microscope), actine length: 16.6 - 37.0 - 70.3 actine width: 1.7- 3.5 - 10 Reproduction. We observed oocytes in vitellogenetic phase (A. Ereskovsky, pers. comm.) in the thick sections of T. schmidti (ZMAPOR 18036, collected at the end of August 2004) and T. muricata (ZMBN 85231, collected mid-June 2008). Spermatogenesis has been observed in T. muricata from Norway, possibly collected in May (Sollas 1882). Oocytes and spermatocytes have already been observed simultaneously in T. muricata from the Adriatic Sea indicating that this species can be hermaphrodite (Babiç 1915). Elongated thread-like buds are common on the upper surface of large Norwegian specimens (e.g. ZMBN 85252) whereas they seem to be more subglobular in Mediterranean samples (Uriz 1981, Fig. 28). Distribution (Fig. 22). Greenland, Denmark Strait and southern Iceland (Steenstrup & Tendal 1982); Norway (Bowerbank 1872; Sollas 1882; Topsent 1913 a; Steenstrup & Tendal 1982); Rockall Bank (van Soest et al. 2007); northern Spain (Ferrer-Hernández 1922); Azores (Topsent 1892; 1904); Gulf of Cadiz (Boury-Esnault et al. 1994); Mediterranean Sea (Sollas 1888; Sarà 1958; Gamulin-Brida 1969; Pulitzer-Finali 1972; Uriz 1981; Pulitzer-Finali 1983; Uriz & Rosell 1990; Pansini & Musso 1991; Boury-Esnault et al. 1994; Voultsiadou, 2005);? Canada (Topsent 1892; Lambe 1896). As T. schmidti : Puerto Rico (Sollas 1888); Azores (Topsent 1892; 1904); Gulf of Cadiz (Sollas 1888; this study); Cape Verde (van Soest 1993); Mediterranean Sea (Babiç 1915; 1922; Pansini 1987 b). Depth. For T. muricata : 60-2940 m (Steenstrup & Tendal 1982; Voultsiadou 2005); for T. schmidti in the Azores: 349–4020 m (Topsent 1904). Discussion. The Norwegian specimens fully agree with the redescription of this species (Steenstrup & Tendal 1982). It is the most widespread Thenea species (Fig. 22): its northernmost localities are at the moment in Eastern Greenland and the Denmark Strait while its southernmost localities are off Morocco. We have never identified T. muricata in northern Norway or the Barents Sea. We re-examined the T. muricata specimens (ZMAPOR 2385) collected by Vosmaer (1885) in the Barents Sea, and re-identified them as T. valdiviae based on the presence of sieves covering their oscules (vs. “naked” oscules with a conspicuous whitish sphincter in T. muricata ). We therefore agree with Steenstrup and Tendal (1982) that other arctic records of T. muricata are likely to be T. valdiviae (e.g. Hansen 1885; Koltun 1966). T. muricata from the Zanzibar area is suspicious and probably a misidentification (Burton 1959 a). T. schmidti is distributed from the Azores to Gibraltar (Fig. 22) and originally characterized by i) a highdensity of larger plesiasters, ii) a poorly developed choanosome tissue, iii) larger choanocyte chambers and iv) a large oscule sphincter (Sollas, 1888). Our specimen of T. schmidti (Fig. 23) corresponds in every point to this description. Stephens (1915) compared her Irish T. muricata with T. schmidti and often could not tell which one had the most plesiasters. Indeed, Norwegian T. muricata could show abundant plesiasters but these were localized in certain areas (e.g. under the ectosome), whereas T. schmidti appeared uniformly filled with plesiasters (Fig. 23 C–D). The choanocyte chambers seemed a bit bigger (50-60 µm) for T. schmidti , but not as much as the ones measured by Sollas (1888): up to 90 µm. Mediterranean specimens of Thenea have raised doubts concerning the validity of T. schmidti . Sollas (1888) described T. intermedia with few plesiasters associated with poorly developed choanosome tissue and large choanocyte chambers (with measurements intermediate between T. schmidti and T. muricata from Norway). On the contrary, Topsent (1904) described a Mediterranean specimen with numerous plesiasters (as large as in T. schmidti ) associated with dense choanosomal tissue. Therefore, these characters have been considered to be variable and T. schmidti was synonymized with T. muricata (Uriz 1981; Steenstrup & Tendal 1982). The Mediterranean specimen we examined is small (6 mm high, without the roots). It has numerous plesiasters, but not as large as in T. schmidti (Table 5). Genetic data (Fig. 25) show that our Mediterranean specimen has the same COI and 28 S sequence as T. muricata (ZMBN 85231) so Mediterranean specimens are likely to be T. muricata with numerous plesiasters. Meanwhile, even though T. schmidti (ZMAPOR 18036) has the exact same COI Folmer fragment as T. muricata , its faster evolving 28 S (C 1 –D 2) sequence is significantly different (Fig. 25). This strongly suggests that T. schmidti is a valid NEA species and that we are not focusing on the right characters to differentiate it. The amount of plesiasters and the size of the choanocyte chambers do not seem to be reliable characters; the size of plesiasters does not seem to be a good character as they can be fairly large in T. muricata as well (Table 5). The very large plesiasters (actins of 420–540 µm length) found by Babiç (1915) in Thenea from the Adriatic Sea (Table 5) are puzzling at the moment. The white broad sphincter around the oscule of T. schmidti might be a more reliable character, but we need more specimens to confirm this. An even more southern species is Thenea bojeadori von Lendenfeld, 1907 (and its possible synonyms T. microclada von Lendenfeld, 1907 and T. megastrella von Lendenfeld, 1907) which can be found all along the northern coast of Africa (Lévi 1959; Cruz 2002) (Fig. 22). The status of T. bojeadori would also need to be reevaluated in order to clearly separate it from T. schmidti and T. muricata (Table 5). Material Depth Plesiaster Spiraster/metaster (m) (actin length) (length) ..... continued on the next page Material Depth Plesiaster Spiraster/metaster (m) (actin length) (length) MNHN-DCL 3436 * 800 31– 126.9 – 247 18– 25.2 – 39 Banyuls France (abundant) (10) Adriatic Sea - 420–540 21 (Babiç 1915) (abundant) : Published as part of Cárdenas, Paco & Rapp, Hans Tore, 2012, A review of Norwegian streptaster-bearing Astrophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae: Tetractinellida), new records and a new species, pp. 1-52 in Zootaxa 3253 on pages 39-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280590 : {"references": ["Bowerbank, J. S. (1858) On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadae. Part I. On the Spicula. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 148, 279 - 332, pls XXII - XXVI.", "Maldonado, M. (2002) Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the classification of Sponges. 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Consejeria de Politica Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias, S / C Tenerife, 260 pp."]} Text Antarc* Antarctique* Arctic Barents Sea Denmark Strait Greenland Iceland North Atlantic Northern Norway Norwegian Sea Terre-Neuve DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Arctic Barents Sea Norwegian Sea Canada Greenland Norway Burton ENVELOPE(166.733,166.733,-72.550,-72.550) Genova ENVELOPE(-82.713,-82.713,-79.863,-79.863) Hernandez ENVELOPE(-62.167,-62.167,-74.500,-74.500) Rockall Bank ENVELOPE(-16.519,-16.519,55.821,55.821) Pulitzer ENVELOPE(-154.267,-154.267,-85.817,-85.817) Ferrer ENVELOPE(-63.883,-63.883,-64.700,-64.700) Cleary ENVELOPE(161.967,161.967,-76.450,-76.450) Folmer ENVELOPE(12.601,12.601,64.648,64.648) Smøla ENVELOPE(8.034,8.034,63.357,63.357) Tossa ENVELOPE(23.858,23.858,66.027,66.027) Tautra ENVELOPE(12.518,12.518,66.283,66.283) Brattholmen ENVELOPE(13.505,13.505,66.777,66.777) Kinebbneset ENVELOPE(9.829,9.829,63.541,63.541) |