Myxidium baueri Kovaleva and Gaevskaya 1982
Myxidium baueri Kovaleva and Gaevskaya, 1982 Material studied Host: Macruronus magellanicus Lönnberg, 1907 Type hosts: Macrourus holotrachys Günther, 1878 and Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1933 Site of infection: gall bladder Localities, dates and depths: (1) off Chiloe Island, Chile, 43 ºS, 73 ºW, June...
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Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6150792 https://zenodo.org/record/6150792 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Myxozoa Myxosporea Bivalvulida Myxidiidae Myxidium Myxidium baueri |
spellingShingle |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Myxozoa Myxosporea Bivalvulida Myxidiidae Myxidium Myxidium baueri Kalavati, Chaganti Mackenzie, Ken Collins, Catherine Hemmingsen, Willy Brickle, Paul Myxidium baueri Kovaleva and Gaevskaya 1982 |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Myxozoa Myxosporea Bivalvulida Myxidiidae Myxidium Myxidium baueri |
description |
Myxidium baueri Kovaleva and Gaevskaya, 1982 Material studied Host: Macruronus magellanicus Lönnberg, 1907 Type hosts: Macrourus holotrachys Günther, 1878 and Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1933 Site of infection: gall bladder Localities, dates and depths: (1) off Chiloe Island, Chile, 43 ºS, 73 ºW, June 2007, 300m; (2) west of Falkland Islands, 51 º 00´to 52 º 30´S, 62 º 00´to 62 º 30´W, October 2007, 200– 250m; (3) west of Falkland Islands, 51 º 00´to 52 º 30´S, 62 º 00´to 62 º 30´W, October 2009, 200– 250m. Type locality: (1). Prevalence: (1) 4 % (1 of 23); (2) 13 % (4 of 30); (3) 7 % (3 of 42). Host length range: 25–42 cm Collection numbers: NHMUK 2012.3. 19.3, 2012.3. 19.4. Morphological description. Vegetative stages not found. Spore elongate with rounded ends in valvular view (Figs. 8, 10), flat elongate with attenuated ends in sutural view (Fig. 9). Sutural line straight and fine. Valve shells each with 4–5 surface striations. Sporoplasm located between the polar capsules, binucleate and deeply staining (Fig. 11). Polar capsules long, pyriform, rounded posteriorly and of equal size, at opposite ends of the spore and opening at the tips of the spores. Polar filament thick and with 4–6 coils. Dimensions, based on 25 fixed spores, as ranges with means ± SD in parentheses: spore length 14.4–20.8 (17.0 ± 2.0); spore width 5.4–9.6 (6.7 ± 1.2); spore thickness 3.2–5.2 (4.6 ± 0.6); polar capsule length 3.2 –4.0 (3.6 ± 0.2); polar capsule width 1.6–3.2 (2.3 ± 0.5); polar capsule length: spore length = 1: 4.5–5.2; spore length: spore width = 1: 2.2–2.7. Molecular result. PCR amplification of myxosporean 18 S rRNA gene from one infected gall bladder from sample (3) above generated a product of approximately 1700 nucleotides in both of the samples processed from the individual fish in question. Forward and reverse sequences were obtained for each purified product. All sequences were identical. Seven polymorphic positions were observed. A final sequence of 1632 nucleotides was submitted to Genebank under Accession No. JX 467674. BLAST analysis revealed that the sequence was novel when compared to data currently deposited in Genbank. Based on the Max scores obtained following BLAST analysis, the sequence showed closest identity to Myxidium coryphaenoideum Noble, 1983 (DQ 377697), Cystodiscus melleni (DQ003031) and Sphaeromyxa zaharoni Diamant et al. , 2004 (AY 538662) with 89 %, 87 % and 86 % identity over 100 %, 100 % and 98 % of nucleotide coverage respectively. A sequence of 874 nucleotides remained for phylogenetic analysis following removal of gaps and ambiguous bases. Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae Canning et al. , 1999 was used as the outgroup. MP and ML trees showed similar topologies, with M. baueri grouping with M. coryphaenoideum in both cases, though bootstrap support was relatively poor at 58 and 62 for MP and ML respectively (Fig. 12). Discussion. The genus Myxidium includes more than 230 named species (Eiras et al. , 2011), with more than 70 of these reported from marine fishes. The spores found in M. magellanicus most closely resemble those of Myxidium baueri Kovaleva & Gaevskaya 1982, described from two deepwater fishes in the Southwest Atlantic, one of which, Merluccius hubbsi, is closely related to M. magellanicus, both species being merluccids. Kalavati et al. (1995) also reported M. baueri from Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872) and M. hubbsi caught in the Southwest Atlantic. These authors noted certain differences between their own observations and the original description, most notably the difference between the numbers of spores in the trophozoite and the presence of distinctive knob-like extremities on the spores in their material. We did not find any vegetative stages and we did not observe the knoblike extremities on the spores of our material from M. magellanicus. Despite these differences and because of the otherwise similar morphology, the common locality and the relatedness of the hosts (Table 2), we tentatively identify our material as M. baueri, for which M. magellanicus is a new host record. Unfortunately no sequence data are currently available for M. baueri in the public databases. Of the species of Myxidium for which molecular sequences are available, our material most closely resembles M. coryphaenoidium, collected from Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunnerus, 1765 caught in the North Atlantic (Fiala, 2006), though there is still a sufficient level of nucleotide differences to define it as a new species. Myxidium coryphaenoidium was originally described by Noble (1966) from “ Coryphaenoides sp.” caught in the Pacific off Mexico, and has since been reported from 21 species of deepwater marine fish worldwide, most of them belonging to the family Macrouridae, but also including two morid species and one member of the family Synaphobranchidae (Yoshino & Noble, 1973; Yoshino & Moser, 1974; Moser et al. , 1976; Kovaleva & Gaevskaya, 1982; Threlfall & Khan, 1990). Such large host and geographical ranges raise the possibility that M. coryphaenoidium may not be a single cosmopolitan species but a complex of sibling species. Moser et al. (1976) described two forms of spore in M. coryphaenoidium, which they called “long” and “stubby”, and the occurrence of which they interpreted as polymorphism within the one species rather than mixed infections of two species. Kovaleva & Gaevskaya (1982) considered their new species M. baueri to be identical to the “stubby” form of M. coryphaenoideum. They also described and figured shorter forms of spore in M. baueri, which they described as “anomalous”. We occasionally observed longer spores similar to those of the “long” form of M. coryphaenoideum in our material. This suggests that polymorphism may be a common feature of those species of Myxidium infecting deepwater marine fishes. It is clear that the taxonomy of the species identified as M. coryphaenoidium and M. baueri requires further investigation, using both morphological and molecular methods. Table 2 compares our material from M. magellanicus with the morphological descriptions of both M. baueri and M. coryphaenoidium. : Published as part of Kalavati, Chaganti, Mackenzie, Ken, Collins, Catherine, Hemmingsen, Willy & Brickle, Paul, 2013, Two new species of myxosporean parasites (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) from gall bladders of Macruronus magellanicus Lönnberg, 1907 (Teleostei: Merlucciidae), pp. 541-554 in Zootaxa 3647 (4) on pages 547-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/223001 |
format |
Text |
author |
Kalavati, Chaganti Mackenzie, Ken Collins, Catherine Hemmingsen, Willy Brickle, Paul |
author_facet |
Kalavati, Chaganti Mackenzie, Ken Collins, Catherine Hemmingsen, Willy Brickle, Paul |
author_sort |
Kalavati, Chaganti |
title |
Myxidium baueri Kovaleva and Gaevskaya 1982 |
title_short |
Myxidium baueri Kovaleva and Gaevskaya 1982 |
title_full |
Myxidium baueri Kovaleva and Gaevskaya 1982 |
title_fullStr |
Myxidium baueri Kovaleva and Gaevskaya 1982 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Myxidium baueri Kovaleva and Gaevskaya 1982 |
title_sort |
myxidium baueri kovaleva and gaevskaya 1982 |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6150792 https://zenodo.org/record/6150792 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-61.846,-61.846,-73.426,-73.426) ENVELOPE(-62.317,-62.317,-64.850,-64.850) |
geographic |
Hemmingsen Moser Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Hemmingsen Moser Pacific |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
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Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6150792 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3647.4.4 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.223005 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.223006 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.223007 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6150793 |
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6150792 2023-05-15T17:37:36+02:00 Myxidium baueri Kovaleva and Gaevskaya 1982 Kalavati, Chaganti Mackenzie, Ken Collins, Catherine Hemmingsen, Willy Brickle, Paul 2013 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6150792 https://zenodo.org/record/6150792 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/223001 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFDBFFC1D5547367FF85A734FFAF2C24 http://zoobank.org/D5B8E3C7-36D1-42EE-8785-4C2BB99BC62F https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3647.4.4 http://zenodo.org/record/223001 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFDBFFC1D5547367FF85A734FFAF2C24 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.223005 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.223006 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.223007 http://zoobank.org/D5B8E3C7-36D1-42EE-8785-4C2BB99BC62F https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6150793 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC0 Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Myxozoa Myxosporea Bivalvulida Myxidiidae Myxidium Myxidium baueri article-journal ScholarlyArticle Taxonomic treatment Text 2013 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6150792 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3647.4.4 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.223005 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.223006 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.223007 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6150793 2022-04-01T11:10:15Z Myxidium baueri Kovaleva and Gaevskaya, 1982 Material studied Host: Macruronus magellanicus Lönnberg, 1907 Type hosts: Macrourus holotrachys Günther, 1878 and Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1933 Site of infection: gall bladder Localities, dates and depths: (1) off Chiloe Island, Chile, 43 ºS, 73 ºW, June 2007, 300m; (2) west of Falkland Islands, 51 º 00´to 52 º 30´S, 62 º 00´to 62 º 30´W, October 2007, 200– 250m; (3) west of Falkland Islands, 51 º 00´to 52 º 30´S, 62 º 00´to 62 º 30´W, October 2009, 200– 250m. Type locality: (1). Prevalence: (1) 4 % (1 of 23); (2) 13 % (4 of 30); (3) 7 % (3 of 42). Host length range: 25–42 cm Collection numbers: NHMUK 2012.3. 19.3, 2012.3. 19.4. Morphological description. Vegetative stages not found. Spore elongate with rounded ends in valvular view (Figs. 8, 10), flat elongate with attenuated ends in sutural view (Fig. 9). Sutural line straight and fine. Valve shells each with 4–5 surface striations. Sporoplasm located between the polar capsules, binucleate and deeply staining (Fig. 11). Polar capsules long, pyriform, rounded posteriorly and of equal size, at opposite ends of the spore and opening at the tips of the spores. Polar filament thick and with 4–6 coils. Dimensions, based on 25 fixed spores, as ranges with means ± SD in parentheses: spore length 14.4–20.8 (17.0 ± 2.0); spore width 5.4–9.6 (6.7 ± 1.2); spore thickness 3.2–5.2 (4.6 ± 0.6); polar capsule length 3.2 –4.0 (3.6 ± 0.2); polar capsule width 1.6–3.2 (2.3 ± 0.5); polar capsule length: spore length = 1: 4.5–5.2; spore length: spore width = 1: 2.2–2.7. Molecular result. PCR amplification of myxosporean 18 S rRNA gene from one infected gall bladder from sample (3) above generated a product of approximately 1700 nucleotides in both of the samples processed from the individual fish in question. Forward and reverse sequences were obtained for each purified product. All sequences were identical. Seven polymorphic positions were observed. A final sequence of 1632 nucleotides was submitted to Genebank under Accession No. JX 467674. BLAST analysis revealed that the sequence was novel when compared to data currently deposited in Genbank. Based on the Max scores obtained following BLAST analysis, the sequence showed closest identity to Myxidium coryphaenoideum Noble, 1983 (DQ 377697), Cystodiscus melleni (DQ003031) and Sphaeromyxa zaharoni Diamant et al. , 2004 (AY 538662) with 89 %, 87 % and 86 % identity over 100 %, 100 % and 98 % of nucleotide coverage respectively. A sequence of 874 nucleotides remained for phylogenetic analysis following removal of gaps and ambiguous bases. Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae Canning et al. , 1999 was used as the outgroup. MP and ML trees showed similar topologies, with M. baueri grouping with M. coryphaenoideum in both cases, though bootstrap support was relatively poor at 58 and 62 for MP and ML respectively (Fig. 12). Discussion. The genus Myxidium includes more than 230 named species (Eiras et al. , 2011), with more than 70 of these reported from marine fishes. The spores found in M. magellanicus most closely resemble those of Myxidium baueri Kovaleva & Gaevskaya 1982, described from two deepwater fishes in the Southwest Atlantic, one of which, Merluccius hubbsi, is closely related to M. magellanicus, both species being merluccids. Kalavati et al. (1995) also reported M. baueri from Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872) and M. hubbsi caught in the Southwest Atlantic. These authors noted certain differences between their own observations and the original description, most notably the difference between the numbers of spores in the trophozoite and the presence of distinctive knob-like extremities on the spores in their material. We did not find any vegetative stages and we did not observe the knoblike extremities on the spores of our material from M. magellanicus. Despite these differences and because of the otherwise similar morphology, the common locality and the relatedness of the hosts (Table 2), we tentatively identify our material as M. baueri, for which M. magellanicus is a new host record. Unfortunately no sequence data are currently available for M. baueri in the public databases. Of the species of Myxidium for which molecular sequences are available, our material most closely resembles M. coryphaenoidium, collected from Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunnerus, 1765 caught in the North Atlantic (Fiala, 2006), though there is still a sufficient level of nucleotide differences to define it as a new species. Myxidium coryphaenoidium was originally described by Noble (1966) from “ Coryphaenoides sp.” caught in the Pacific off Mexico, and has since been reported from 21 species of deepwater marine fish worldwide, most of them belonging to the family Macrouridae, but also including two morid species and one member of the family Synaphobranchidae (Yoshino & Noble, 1973; Yoshino & Moser, 1974; Moser et al. , 1976; Kovaleva & Gaevskaya, 1982; Threlfall & Khan, 1990). Such large host and geographical ranges raise the possibility that M. coryphaenoidium may not be a single cosmopolitan species but a complex of sibling species. Moser et al. (1976) described two forms of spore in M. coryphaenoidium, which they called “long” and “stubby”, and the occurrence of which they interpreted as polymorphism within the one species rather than mixed infections of two species. Kovaleva & Gaevskaya (1982) considered their new species M. baueri to be identical to the “stubby” form of M. coryphaenoideum. They also described and figured shorter forms of spore in M. baueri, which they described as “anomalous”. We occasionally observed longer spores similar to those of the “long” form of M. coryphaenoideum in our material. This suggests that polymorphism may be a common feature of those species of Myxidium infecting deepwater marine fishes. It is clear that the taxonomy of the species identified as M. coryphaenoidium and M. baueri requires further investigation, using both morphological and molecular methods. Table 2 compares our material from M. magellanicus with the morphological descriptions of both M. baueri and M. coryphaenoidium. : Published as part of Kalavati, Chaganti, Mackenzie, Ken, Collins, Catherine, Hemmingsen, Willy & Brickle, Paul, 2013, Two new species of myxosporean parasites (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) from gall bladders of Macruronus magellanicus Lönnberg, 1907 (Teleostei: Merlucciidae), pp. 541-554 in Zootaxa 3647 (4) on pages 547-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/223001 Text North Atlantic DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Hemmingsen ENVELOPE(-61.846,-61.846,-73.426,-73.426) Moser ENVELOPE(-62.317,-62.317,-64.850,-64.850) Pacific |