Clathria (Thalysias) repens Galindo, Hooper & Pinheiro, 2014, sp. nov.

• Main Authors: Galindo, Helcy, Hooper, John N. A., Pinheiro, Ulisses
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2014
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Porifera; Demospongiae; Poecilosclerida; Microcionidae; Clathria; Clathria repens; Queensland; Lamarck; Burton; Rodriguez; Galindo; Terre-Neuve
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6143323; https://zenodo.org/record/6143323

Clathria ( Thalysias ) repens sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 5– 7) (Tab. 1) Holotype. UFPEPOR 1379, Ponta de Pedras, Goiana, Pernambuco State, Brazil, 0 7 o 37 ’00’’S, 34 o 48 ’ 51 ’’W, depth 0.7m, coll. Pinheiro, U. 07/VI/ 2012. (Fig. 1). Type locality. Brazil, Northeast Region, Pernambuco State. Paratype. Ponta de Pedras, Goiana, Pernambuco State, Brazil, 0 7 o 37 ’00’’S, 34 o 48 ’ 51 ’’W, depth 0.4m, free diving, 07/V/ 2012, coll. Pinheiro, U., UFPEPOR 1331. Diagnosis. Orange sponge, massively encrusting, repent with lamellate folds and anastomosed projections. Three categories of structural styles, of which the two auxiliary styles with microspined heads. Description of holotype. UFPEPOR 1379 – Sponge massively encrusting and repent with lamellate folds and anastomosed projections (Fig. 5 a–c). Projections have 0.5–3 cm high, 0.2–1.3 cm wide. Size 10 x 40 cm, less than 8 cm high. Color orange in vivo and light-brown in 80 % ethanol (Fig. 5 a–c). Surface slightly rugose with a thin detachable ectossome. Detritus present on surface. Oscules distributed on the apex of surface projections, with 0.2–0.5 mm diameter. Body soft and compressible. Megascleres . Principal styles I thick, slightly curved, smooth, sharply pointed (232–346.93 – 450 / 5–5.95 – 7.5 µm). Two categories of auxiliary styles: Auxiliary styles I straight, smooth with smooth and microspined heads (129 –246,65– 375 / 2.5–4.25 – 5 µm). Auxiliary styles II straight, smooth with microspined head (100–125.5 – 165 / 2.5–2.53 – 3 µm). Echinating acanthostyles straight, irregular spines distributed throughout the shaft and head with high concentration of spines (29–60.8 – 74 / 3–4.3 – 6 µm). Microscleres. Two categories of smooth toxas with shallow curvature, in a large size range: Toxas I (39–74.6 – 90 / 0.5 µm); Toxas II (103–137.8 – 241 / 1 µm). Two categories of palmate isochelae: one bigger with typical shapes, isochelae I (10–13.91 – 20 µm) and other with deformed shapes, isochelae II (2.5–4.6 – 7.5 µm). Description. Sponge massively encrusting and repent with lamellate folds and anastomosed projections (Fig. 5 a–c). Projections have 0.2–3 cm high, 0.2–2 cm wide. Size 10–18 x 25 –40 cm, less than 8 cm high. Color orange in vivo and light-brown in 80 % ethanol (Fig. 5 a–c). Surface slightly roughened with a thin detachable ectosome. Oscules distributed on the apex of the surface projections, with about 0.1– 0.7 mm diameter. Body soft and compressible. Ectosomal skeleton detachable formed by bouquets of ectosomal auxiliary styles (Fig. 6 b). Choanosomal skeleton plumoreticulate with dense and multi-spicular bundles (about 96 µm thick) (Fig. 6 a) terminating as bouquets of subectosomal auxiliary styles at the surface (Fig. 6 d). Subectosomal auxiliary styles are included in spongin fibres and echinating accessory acanthostyles are straight or at inclined angles to the principal bundle (Fig. 6 c). Megascleres . Principal styles I thick, slightly curved, smooth, sharply pointed (200–333.8 – 483 / 3–4.9 – 8 µm) (Fig. 7 a–c). Two categories of auxiliary styles: Auxiliary styles I straight, smooth with microspined heads, and rounded pointed spines distributed throughout the shaft and head with high concentration of spines (29–61.6 – 113 / 2–3.9 – 6 µm) (Fig. 7 j). Microscleres. Two categories of smooth toxas with shallow curvature and large range size: Toxas I (22–65.6 – 90 / 0.5 µm) (Fig. 7 k); Toxas II (103–142.2 – 241 / 1 µm) (Fig. 7 l). Two categories of palmate isochelae: one bigger with typical shapes, isochelae I (10–13.9 – 20 µm) (Fig. 7 n) and other with deformed shapes, isochelae II (2.5–5 – 7.5 µm) (Fig. 7 o) (Tab. 1). Etymology. Repens (L.) means ‘creep’ or ‘crawl’, referring to the repent growth form of this species. Ecology. On rocks, less than 1 m deep, near to the sediment and under poor light. Presence of algae, polychaetes and brittle stars. Remarks. Clathria ( Thalysias ) repens sp. nov. is allocated in the subgenus by having two categories of auxiliary styles forming a specialized ectosomal skeleton, the smaller usually forming discrete bundles, and having echinating megascleres.Comparing Clathria ( Thalysias ) repens sp. nov. had a unique combination of spicules compared to other species in the Atlantic (Tab. 1). This new species differs by having two categories of auxiliary (subectosomal and ectosomal) spicules from C. ( T .) amabilis (Thiele, 1905), C. ( T .) cullingworthi Burton, 1931, C. ( T. ) delaubenfelsi (Lévi, 1963), C. ( T. ) fascicularis Topsent, 1889, C. ( T .) hechteli Hooper, 1996, C. ( T .) minuta , C. ( T. ) minutoides Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013, C. ( T .) oxitoxa Lévi, 1963, C. ( T .) vacata Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013, C. ( T .) venosa (Alcolado, 1984) and C. ( T. ) virgultuosa (Lamarck, 1814). By the possession of acanthostyles this species also differs from C. ( T .) jolicoeuri (Topsent, 1892), C. ( T. ) membranacea (Thiele, 1905), C. ( T .) nervosa (Lévi, 1963), C. ( T .) venosa , and C. ( T .) virgultosa . By the presence of toxas it differs from C. ( T .) amabilis , C. (T.) chelosigmoidea Zea, Rodriguez & Martinez, 2014, C. ( T .) cullingworthi , C. ( T .) lissoclada (Burton, 1934), C. ( T .) nervosa , C.( T. ) opalina Zea, Rodriguez & Martinez, 2014, C. ( T. ) sulfocleistochela Zea, Rodriguez & Martinez, 2014, and C. ( T .) vacata . By the presence of chelae it differs from C. ( T .) amabilis , C. ( T. ) fascicularis , C. ( T .) oxeota (Van Soest, 1984), C. ( T .) oxitoxa and C. ( T .) vacata . And differs from C. ( T. ) collosclera Van Soest, 2009 which has unique collosclera-type chelae. Finally, by the absence of oxeas it differs from C. ( T .) oxitoxa , and of acanthotrongyles from C. ( T. ) fascicularis . The most similar species of Clathria ( Thalysias ) repens sp. nov. is C. ( T .) basiarenacea . However, it differs from the latter by having three categories of toxas, one accolada type, while C. ( T .) repens sp. nov. has only two categories and lacks the accolada toxa. Furthermore, the acanthostyles of C. ( T .) repens sp. nov. , present a high concentration of spines, and the styles II are smaller with microspined head, against the styles II that are bigger with smooth and deformed heads from C. ( T .) basiarenacea . : Published as part of Galindo, Helcy, Hooper, John N. A. & Pinheiro, Ulisses, 2014, Clathria (Thalysias) (Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera) from Brazil: New species and redescription of Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea (Boury-Esnault, 1973), pp. 580-592 in Zootaxa 3878 (6) on pages 587-591, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3878.6.5, http://zenodo.org/record/287363 : {"references": ["Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement, 6 (Fauna Chiliensis III), 407 - 496.", "Burton, M. (1931) On a collection of marine sponges mostly from Natal Coast. Annals of the Natal Museum, 6 (3), 337 - 359. Burton, M. (1933) Four news marine sponges from Natal. Annals of the Natal Museum, 7 (2), 249 - 254. Burton, M. (1934) Sponges. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 4 (14), 513 - 621. [1928 - 29] Burton, M. (1936) Notes on sponges from South Africa, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural", "Levi, C. (1963) Spongiaires d'Afrique du Sud. (1) Poecilosclerides. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 37 (1), 1 - 72.", "Topsent, E. (1889) Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Pointe-a-Pitre. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 2, 30 - 52.", "Hooper, J. N. A. (1996) Revision of Microcionidae (Porifera: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 40, 1 - 626.", "Van Soest, R. W. M., Beglinger, E. J., De Voogd, N. J. (2013) Microcionid sponges from Northwest Africa and the Macaronesian Islands (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 87 (4), 275 - 404.", "Alcolado, P. M. (1984) Nuevas especies de esponjas encontradas en Cuba. Poeyana, 271, 1 - 22.", "Lamarck, J. B. P. de Monet, Comte de (1814) Sur les polypiers empates. Suite du memoire intitule: Sur les Polypiers empates. Suite des eponges. Annales du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, 20 (6), 294 - 312. [(published 1813), 370 - 386, 432 - 458. (published 1814)]", "Topsent, E. (1892) Contribution a l'etude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord (Golfe de Gascogne, Terre-Neuve, Acores). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies par le Prince Albert I de Monaco, 2, 1 - 165.", "Zea, S., Rodriguez, A. & Martinez, A. M. (2014) Taxonomy of Clathria (Thalysias) (Sponge: Poecilosclerida: Microcionidae) from the Colombian Caribbean, with description of three new species. Zootaxa, 3835 (4), 401 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3835.4.1", "Van Soest, R. W. M. (1984) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part III. Poecilosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 199, 1 - 167.", "Van Soest, R. W. M. (2009) New sciophilous sponges from the Caribbean (Porifera: Demospongiae). Zootaxa, 2107, 1 - 40."]}