Larinioides cornutus Clerck 1757
Larinioides cornutus (Clerck, 1757) Figs 6, 8 F, 9 F, 10 F, 13, 14, 30 Araneus cornutus Clerck 1757: 39, pl. 1, fig. 11 (D♀); Thaler 1974: 257, figs 3 –4, 6, 8, 11 (♂♀). Araneus sclopetarius Clerck 1757: 43, pl. 2, fig. 3 (D♂). Syn. n. Aranea leuwenhoekii Scop...
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openpolar |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Araneae Araneidae Larinioides Larinioides cornutus |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Araneae Araneidae Larinioides Larinioides cornutus Šestáková, Anna Marusik, Yuri M. Omelko, Mikhail M. Larinioides cornutus Clerck 1757 |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Araneae Araneidae Larinioides Larinioides cornutus |
description |
Larinioides cornutus (Clerck, 1757) Figs 6, 8 F, 9 F, 10 F, 13, 14, 30 Araneus cornutus Clerck 1757: 39, pl. 1, fig. 11 (D♀); Thaler 1974: 257, figs 3 –4, 6, 8, 11 (♂♀). Araneus sclopetarius Clerck 1757: 43, pl. 2, fig. 3 (D♂). Syn. n. Aranea leuwenhoekii Scopoli 1763: 394 (D♀). Aranea foliata Fourcroy 1785: 533 (D♀). Aranea apoclisa Walckenaer 1802: 195 (in part). Epeira marmorata Risso 1826: 169 (D). Epeira lyrata Fischer-Waldheim 1830: pl. 7 i –k (D). Epeira tricolor Fischer-Waldheim 1830: pl. 7 n–o (D). Epeira apoclisa americana Walckenaer 1841: 61, 502 (D). Epeira foliosa Walckenaer 1841: 66 (D♀). Epeira arundinacea C.L. Koch 1844: 109, fig. 913 (D♂). Epeira affinis Blackwall 1846: 77 (D♀). Epeira strix Hentz 1847: 473, pl. 31, fig. 5 (D♀). Epeira tectorum Bremi-Wolff 1849: 1 –16 (D♂♀). Epeira vicaria Kulczyński 1885: 21, pl. 9, fig. 4 (D♀). Epeira cornuta inermis Franganillo 1925: 33 (D). Nuctenea cornuta : Levi 1974: 306, figs 61 –62, 67–76, 94, 97–98, 110 – 111, 118–119, 126 (♂♀). Larinioides cornutus : Roberts 1995: 321, fig., pl. 28, fig. 1 (♂♀); Dondale et al . 2003: 184, figs 395–401 (♂♀); Tanikawa 2007: 55, figs 86–88, 486 – 489 (♂♀). For a complete list of all 99 taxonomic references see Platnick (2014). N.B. Some of these references may refer to the sibling species L. folium . Misidentifications : Araneus cornutus : Loksa 1972: 91, figs 81 A–C, 82 F, 83 A–B (♂♀). Refers to L. folium . Araneus cornutus : Fage 1921: 176, figs 4 A, D. Refers to L. folium . Araneus foliatus : Bakhvalov 1974: 110, figs 58, 62, 65 (♂♀). Refers to L. folium . Material examined (selected localities): FINLAND : 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (10 July 1967): Lemland, Flaka Apalholm, M.I. Saaristo (ZMUT); 1 ♀ (8 June 1959): Korpo, Lohm, Gunkobb, A. Kleemola (ZMUT). RUSSIA : Krasnoyarsk Province : 1 ♂ (1874): Moyero River, 66 ° 20 ’ 16 ”N, Czekanowski (ZISP). Yakutia : 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (16–22 August 1926): Vilyuisk Distict, environs of Ugolyak Village, 64 °07’N 120 °08’E, A. Grigoryev (ZISP). Maritime Province : 1 ♀ (1–20 July 1986): environs of Vladivostok, Spitnik Village, V. Tseitva (IBPN). Magadan Province : ♂♀ (1983–1986): upper Kolyma River, ca. 62 °N, environs of Sibit-Tyellakh Village, “Aborigen” Field Station, Y.M. Marusik (IBPN). Kamchatka : 1 ♂ (22 August 1983): Commander Isls, Beringa Isl., Pogrebnaya Bay, V.F. Sevastyanov (IBPN). Chukotka : 1 ♂ 8 ♀♀ (20 August 1985): S part of Chaun Bay, “Chaun” Field Station, A.S. Ryabukhin (IBPN); 1 ♀ (28 July 1987): environs of Pevek, Apapelgino, G.A. Anufriev (IBPN); 2 ♀♀ (1987): 60 km NE of Markovo Town, Ubiyenko River, A.V. Kondratev (IBPN). Diagnosis . The species habitus is similar to that of L. chabarovi and almost identical to L. folium . Larinioides cornutus can be distinguished from L. chabarovi by the copulatory organs. Unlike L. folium , it has a round outline of the epigynal median plate and reduced lateral lamellae (Fig. 30); its male palp lacks serration on the subterminal apophysis 2 (Fig. 13, 14, blue). The male palp of L. cornutus is similar to that in L. jalimovi , but lacks a long process at the base of subterminal apophysis 1 and a small spur on the internal side of the flat shield of embolus. Description . Carapace, chelicerae and sternum uniformly brown. Abdomen dorsally with a brown folium and a pale cross (Figs 6 A, C). Legs yellow, darkly annulated. Male. Total length 4.7–8.5. Carapace 2.1–4.2 long, 1.8–3.5 wide. Length of the first patella + tibia 3.0–6.0. Tibia II unmodified (Fig. 3 F), resembling other tibiae. Palp as in Figs 9 F, 10 F, 13, 14: bulbus with a tapered terminal apophysis; blunt subterminal apophysis 1; slightly serrated subterminal apophysis 2; embolus with flat shield covering a thin tip; median apophysis with a flat, rounded lower part and a narrow upper one with blunt tip; conductor rounded. Female. Total length 6.5–14.5. Carapace 2.4 –5.0 long, 1.9–4.5 wide. Length of the first patella + tibia 2.6–5.8. Epigyne as Fig. 30, scapus short and straight; median plate rounded anteriorly; lateral lamellae laterally indistinct, anteriorly folded into triangular lobes covering copulatory openings; basal lamellae present. Distribution . The species has a circum-Holarctic range and is found north to the tundra zone (Marusik et al . 2000). Levi (1974) assumed it was distributed across the Holarctic accidentally by humans. In our opinion, the occurrence of this species in the in remote areas of Chukotka and neighbouring Alaska indicates its natural dispersal without human influence. Comments . With 99 taxonomic entries (Platnick 2014), it is one of the best known orb-weaving spiders. There are, however, some misidentifications (e.g. Loksa 1972, Bakhvalov 1974), which could lead to misinformation about its distribution and biology. A complete revision of all references is impossible, since most of them have an insufficient description and/or illustrations. : Published as part of Šestáková, Anna, Marusik, Yuri M. & Omelko, Mikhail M., 2014, A revision of the Holarctic genus Larinioides Caporiacco, 1934 (Araneae: Araneidae), pp. 61-82 in Zootaxa 3894 (1) on pages 67-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/287594 : {"references": ["Clerck, C. (1757) Svenska spindlar, uti sina hufvud-sllgter indelte samt under nlgra och sextio sarskildte arter beskrefne och med illuminerade figurer uplyste. Stockholmiae, 154 pp.", "Thaler, K. (1974) Eine verkannte Kreuzspinne in Mitteleuropa: Araneus folium Schrank (Kulczynski 1901) und Araneus cornutus Clerck (Arachnida: Aranei, Araneidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 193, 256 - 261.", "Scopoli, J. A. (1763) Entomologia carniolica, exhibens insecta carniolae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. Methodo Linnaeana. Vindobonae, 420 pp.", "Fourcroy, A. F. de (1785) Entomologia parisiensis; sive catalogus insectorum quae in Agro parisiensi reperiuntur. Paris, 544 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36528", "Walckenaer, C. A. (1802) Faune parisienne. Insectes, ou Histoire abregee des insectes de environs de Paris. Vol. 2. Paris, pp. 187 - 250.", "Risso, A. (1826) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe meridionale, et principalement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. Paris, 5, 159 - 176.", "Fischer-Waldheim, G. (1830) Oryctographie du gouvernement de Moscou. Moscou, 28 pp. [LXVI plates]", "Walckenaer, C. A. (1841) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Apteres. Vol. 2. Paris, pp. 1 - 549.", "Koch, C. L. (1844) Die Arachniden. Nurnberg, Eilfter Band, 174 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744", "Blackwall, J. (1846) Notice of spiders captured by Professor Potter in Canada, with descriptions of such species as appear to be new to science. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 17, 30 - 44, 76 - 82.", "Hentz, M. N. (1847) Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston Journal of natural History, 5, 443 - 478.", "Bremi-Wolff, J. J. (1849) In: Menzel, A. (Eds.), Kurzer Abriss einer Naturgeschichte der Spinnen. Ein Festageschenk fur die Jugend. Zurich, pp. 1 - 16.", "Kulczynski, W. (1885) Araneae in Camtschadalia a Dre B. Dybowski collectae. Pamietnik Akademii Umiejetnosci w Krakowie Wydzial Matematyczno-Przyrodnicygo, 11, 1 - 60.", "Franganillo, B. P. (1925) Contribucion al estudio de la geografia aracnologica de la Peninsula Iberica. Boletin de la Sociedad entomologica de Espana, 8, 31 - 40.", "Levi, H. W. (1974) The orb-weaver genera Araniella and Nuctenea (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 146, 291 - 316.", "Roberts, M. J. (1995) Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp.", "Dondale, C. D., Redner, J. H., Paquin, P. & Levi, H. W. (2003) The Insects and Arachnids of Canada. Part 23. The Orb-weaving Spiders of Canada and Alaska (Araneae: Uloboridae, Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, Theridiosomatidae). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 371 pp.", "Tanikawa, A. (2007) An Identification Guide to the Japanese Spiders of the Families Araneidae, Nephilidae and Tetragnathidae. Arachnological Society of Japan, 121 pp. [in Japanese]", "Platnick, N. I. (2014) The World Spider Catalog, version 14. 5. American Museum of Natural History. Available from: http: // research. amnh. org / iz / spiders / catalog / (accessed 17 May 2014)", "Loksa, I. (1972) Araneae II. Fauna Hungariae, 109, 1 - 112.", "Fage, L. (1921) Travaux scientifiques de l'Armee d'Orient (1916 - 1918). Arachnides. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1921, 96 - 102, 173 - 177, 227 - 232.", "Bakhvalov, V. F. (1974) [Identification key of the spider family Araneidae from Kirgizia]. Entomologicheskie Issledovaniya v Kirgizii, 9, 101 - 112. [In Russian]", "Marusik, Y. M., Logunov, D. V. & Koponen, S. (2000) Spiders of Tuva, South Siberia. Institute for Biological Problems of the North, Magadan, 253 pp."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Šestáková, Anna Marusik, Yuri M. Omelko, Mikhail M. |
author_facet |
Šestáková, Anna Marusik, Yuri M. Omelko, Mikhail M. |
author_sort |
Šestáková, Anna |
title |
Larinioides cornutus Clerck 1757 |
title_short |
Larinioides cornutus Clerck 1757 |
title_full |
Larinioides cornutus Clerck 1757 |
title_fullStr |
Larinioides cornutus Clerck 1757 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Larinioides cornutus Clerck 1757 |
title_sort |
larinioides cornutus clerck 1757 |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6136405 https://zenodo.org/record/6136405 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(12.506,12.506,65.215,65.215) ENVELOPE(161.000,161.000,69.500,69.500) ENVELOPE(-153.833,-153.833,-86.967,-86.967) ENVELOPE(150.803,150.803,59.564,59.564) ENVELOPE(-96.083,-96.083,-72.067,-72.067) ENVELOPE(170.300,170.300,69.703,69.703) ENVELOPE(170.711,170.711,68.804,68.804) ENVELOPE(149.059,149.059,59.201,59.201) ENVELOPE(-66.800,-66.800,-68.367,-68.367) ENVELOPE(148.533,148.533,62.150,62.150) ENVELOPE(103.633,103.633,68.733,68.733) |
geographic |
Canada Tuva Kolyma Weaver Magadan Menzel Pevek Chaun Beringa Blackwall Tyellakh Moyero |
geographic_facet |
Canada Tuva Kolyma Weaver Magadan Menzel Pevek Chaun Beringa Blackwall Tyellakh Moyero |
genre |
Chukotka Kamchatka kolyma river Pevek Tundra Yakutia Alaska Siberia |
genre_facet |
Chukotka Kamchatka kolyma river Pevek Tundra Yakutia Alaska Siberia |
op_relation |
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Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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CC0 |
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6136405 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.6 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.287596 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.287597 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.287606 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.287601 https://do |
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6136405 2023-05-15T15:54:55+02:00 Larinioides cornutus Clerck 1757 Šestáková, Anna Marusik, Yuri M. Omelko, Mikhail M. 2014 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6136405 https://zenodo.org/record/6136405 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/287594 http://publication.plazi.org/id/084EFFBD04098A32FFFCFFD9FF9DD36C http://zoobank.org/6E9BBF59-BD68-452B-A77E-50363136388A https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.6 http://zenodo.org/record/287594 http://publication.plazi.org/id/084EFFBD04098A32FFFCFFD9FF9DD36C https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.287596 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.287597 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.287606 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.287601 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.287595 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.287598 http://zoobank.org/6E9BBF59-BD68-452B-A77E-50363136388A https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6136404 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC0 Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Araneae Araneidae Larinioides Larinioides cornutus article-journal ScholarlyArticle Taxonomic treatment Text 2014 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6136405 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.6 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.287596 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.287597 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.287606 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.287601 https://do 2022-04-01T10:58:17Z Larinioides cornutus (Clerck, 1757) Figs 6, 8 F, 9 F, 10 F, 13, 14, 30 Araneus cornutus Clerck 1757: 39, pl. 1, fig. 11 (D♀); Thaler 1974: 257, figs 3 –4, 6, 8, 11 (♂♀). Araneus sclopetarius Clerck 1757: 43, pl. 2, fig. 3 (D♂). Syn. n. Aranea leuwenhoekii Scopoli 1763: 394 (D♀). Aranea foliata Fourcroy 1785: 533 (D♀). Aranea apoclisa Walckenaer 1802: 195 (in part). Epeira marmorata Risso 1826: 169 (D). Epeira lyrata Fischer-Waldheim 1830: pl. 7 i –k (D). Epeira tricolor Fischer-Waldheim 1830: pl. 7 n–o (D). Epeira apoclisa americana Walckenaer 1841: 61, 502 (D). Epeira foliosa Walckenaer 1841: 66 (D♀). Epeira arundinacea C.L. Koch 1844: 109, fig. 913 (D♂). Epeira affinis Blackwall 1846: 77 (D♀). Epeira strix Hentz 1847: 473, pl. 31, fig. 5 (D♀). Epeira tectorum Bremi-Wolff 1849: 1 –16 (D♂♀). Epeira vicaria Kulczyński 1885: 21, pl. 9, fig. 4 (D♀). Epeira cornuta inermis Franganillo 1925: 33 (D). Nuctenea cornuta : Levi 1974: 306, figs 61 –62, 67–76, 94, 97–98, 110 – 111, 118–119, 126 (♂♀). Larinioides cornutus : Roberts 1995: 321, fig., pl. 28, fig. 1 (♂♀); Dondale et al . 2003: 184, figs 395–401 (♂♀); Tanikawa 2007: 55, figs 86–88, 486 – 489 (♂♀). For a complete list of all 99 taxonomic references see Platnick (2014). N.B. Some of these references may refer to the sibling species L. folium . Misidentifications : Araneus cornutus : Loksa 1972: 91, figs 81 A–C, 82 F, 83 A–B (♂♀). Refers to L. folium . Araneus cornutus : Fage 1921: 176, figs 4 A, D. Refers to L. folium . Araneus foliatus : Bakhvalov 1974: 110, figs 58, 62, 65 (♂♀). Refers to L. folium . Material examined (selected localities): FINLAND : 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (10 July 1967): Lemland, Flaka Apalholm, M.I. Saaristo (ZMUT); 1 ♀ (8 June 1959): Korpo, Lohm, Gunkobb, A. Kleemola (ZMUT). RUSSIA : Krasnoyarsk Province : 1 ♂ (1874): Moyero River, 66 ° 20 ’ 16 ”N, Czekanowski (ZISP). Yakutia : 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (16–22 August 1926): Vilyuisk Distict, environs of Ugolyak Village, 64 °07’N 120 °08’E, A. Grigoryev (ZISP). Maritime Province : 1 ♀ (1–20 July 1986): environs of Vladivostok, Spitnik Village, V. Tseitva (IBPN). Magadan Province : ♂♀ (1983–1986): upper Kolyma River, ca. 62 °N, environs of Sibit-Tyellakh Village, “Aborigen” Field Station, Y.M. Marusik (IBPN). Kamchatka : 1 ♂ (22 August 1983): Commander Isls, Beringa Isl., Pogrebnaya Bay, V.F. Sevastyanov (IBPN). Chukotka : 1 ♂ 8 ♀♀ (20 August 1985): S part of Chaun Bay, “Chaun” Field Station, A.S. Ryabukhin (IBPN); 1 ♀ (28 July 1987): environs of Pevek, Apapelgino, G.A. Anufriev (IBPN); 2 ♀♀ (1987): 60 km NE of Markovo Town, Ubiyenko River, A.V. Kondratev (IBPN). Diagnosis . The species habitus is similar to that of L. chabarovi and almost identical to L. folium . Larinioides cornutus can be distinguished from L. chabarovi by the copulatory organs. Unlike L. folium , it has a round outline of the epigynal median plate and reduced lateral lamellae (Fig. 30); its male palp lacks serration on the subterminal apophysis 2 (Fig. 13, 14, blue). The male palp of L. cornutus is similar to that in L. jalimovi , but lacks a long process at the base of subterminal apophysis 1 and a small spur on the internal side of the flat shield of embolus. Description . Carapace, chelicerae and sternum uniformly brown. Abdomen dorsally with a brown folium and a pale cross (Figs 6 A, C). Legs yellow, darkly annulated. Male. Total length 4.7–8.5. Carapace 2.1–4.2 long, 1.8–3.5 wide. Length of the first patella + tibia 3.0–6.0. Tibia II unmodified (Fig. 3 F), resembling other tibiae. Palp as in Figs 9 F, 10 F, 13, 14: bulbus with a tapered terminal apophysis; blunt subterminal apophysis 1; slightly serrated subterminal apophysis 2; embolus with flat shield covering a thin tip; median apophysis with a flat, rounded lower part and a narrow upper one with blunt tip; conductor rounded. Female. Total length 6.5–14.5. Carapace 2.4 –5.0 long, 1.9–4.5 wide. Length of the first patella + tibia 2.6–5.8. Epigyne as Fig. 30, scapus short and straight; median plate rounded anteriorly; lateral lamellae laterally indistinct, anteriorly folded into triangular lobes covering copulatory openings; basal lamellae present. Distribution . The species has a circum-Holarctic range and is found north to the tundra zone (Marusik et al . 2000). Levi (1974) assumed it was distributed across the Holarctic accidentally by humans. In our opinion, the occurrence of this species in the in remote areas of Chukotka and neighbouring Alaska indicates its natural dispersal without human influence. Comments . With 99 taxonomic entries (Platnick 2014), it is one of the best known orb-weaving spiders. There are, however, some misidentifications (e.g. Loksa 1972, Bakhvalov 1974), which could lead to misinformation about its distribution and biology. A complete revision of all references is impossible, since most of them have an insufficient description and/or illustrations. : Published as part of Šestáková, Anna, Marusik, Yuri M. & Omelko, Mikhail M., 2014, A revision of the Holarctic genus Larinioides Caporiacco, 1934 (Araneae: Araneidae), pp. 61-82 in Zootaxa 3894 (1) on pages 67-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/287594 : {"references": ["Clerck, C. (1757) Svenska spindlar, uti sina hufvud-sllgter indelte samt under nlgra och sextio sarskildte arter beskrefne och med illuminerade figurer uplyste. Stockholmiae, 154 pp.", "Thaler, K. (1974) Eine verkannte Kreuzspinne in Mitteleuropa: Araneus folium Schrank (Kulczynski 1901) und Araneus cornutus Clerck (Arachnida: Aranei, Araneidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 193, 256 - 261.", "Scopoli, J. A. (1763) Entomologia carniolica, exhibens insecta carniolae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. Methodo Linnaeana. Vindobonae, 420 pp.", "Fourcroy, A. F. de (1785) Entomologia parisiensis; sive catalogus insectorum quae in Agro parisiensi reperiuntur. Paris, 544 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36528", "Walckenaer, C. A. (1802) Faune parisienne. Insectes, ou Histoire abregee des insectes de environs de Paris. Vol. 2. Paris, pp. 187 - 250.", "Risso, A. (1826) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe meridionale, et principalement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. Paris, 5, 159 - 176.", "Fischer-Waldheim, G. (1830) Oryctographie du gouvernement de Moscou. Moscou, 28 pp. [LXVI plates]", "Walckenaer, C. A. (1841) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Apteres. Vol. 2. Paris, pp. 1 - 549.", "Koch, C. L. (1844) Die Arachniden. Nurnberg, Eilfter Band, 174 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744", "Blackwall, J. (1846) Notice of spiders captured by Professor Potter in Canada, with descriptions of such species as appear to be new to science. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 17, 30 - 44, 76 - 82.", "Hentz, M. N. (1847) Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston Journal of natural History, 5, 443 - 478.", "Bremi-Wolff, J. J. (1849) In: Menzel, A. (Eds.), Kurzer Abriss einer Naturgeschichte der Spinnen. Ein Festageschenk fur die Jugend. Zurich, pp. 1 - 16.", "Kulczynski, W. (1885) Araneae in Camtschadalia a Dre B. Dybowski collectae. Pamietnik Akademii Umiejetnosci w Krakowie Wydzial Matematyczno-Przyrodnicygo, 11, 1 - 60.", "Franganillo, B. P. (1925) Contribucion al estudio de la geografia aracnologica de la Peninsula Iberica. Boletin de la Sociedad entomologica de Espana, 8, 31 - 40.", "Levi, H. W. (1974) The orb-weaver genera Araniella and Nuctenea (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 146, 291 - 316.", "Roberts, M. J. (1995) Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp.", "Dondale, C. D., Redner, J. 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