Lymaenon Walker

• Main Author: Huber, John T.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2015
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Mymaridae; Lymaenon; Indian; Queensland; Argentina; Brisbane; Torre; Bombay; Mackay; Masi; Soyka; Tundra
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6112334; https://zenodo.org/record/6112334

Lymaenon Walker, stat. rev. ( = litoralis group, of authors) (Figs 7, 8, 175– 190) Lymaenon Walker, 1846: 49. Type species : Lymaenon acuminatus Walker, by subsequent designation by Gahan & Fagan, 1923: 82. Synonymy under Gonatocerus by Foerster, 1856: 118. Treated as the litoralis group of species by various authors from 1988–2013 and as a subgenus of Gonatocerus by Triapitsyn et al ., 2010: 41, and Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 39 and 2013 b: 216. Rachistus Foerster, 1847: 203. Type species : Ooctonus litoralis Haliday, by subsequent designation by Gahan and Fagan, 1923: 128. Synonymy under Gonatocerus by Foerster 1856: 120. Synonymy under Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ) by Triapitsyn et al ., 2010: 41. Oophilus Enock, 1909: 458. Type species : O . longicauda Enock, by monotypy. Synonymy under Gonatocerus by Girault, 1911 [96]: 276. Synonymy under Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ) by Triapitsyn et al ., 2010: 41. Agonatocerus Girault, 1913 [149]: 276. Type species : A . humboldti , by original designation. Synonymy under Gonatocerus by Girault, 1915 [228]: 159. Synonymy under Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ) by Triapitsyn et al ., 2010: 41. Gonatoceroides Girault, 1913 [155]: 255 (as subgenus of Gonatocerus ); Girault, 1913 [165]: 109 (given generic status). Type species : G . australica Girault, by original designation. Synonymy under Gonatocerus by Girault, 1915 [228]: 159. Synonymy under Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ) by Triapitsyn et al ., 2010: 41. Decarthrius Debauche, 1949: 21. Type species : Decarthrius straeleni Debauche, by original designation. Synonymy under Gahanopsis by Annecke & Doutt, 1961: 13. Synonymy under Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ) by Triapitsyn et al ., 2010: 41. Diagnosis . Within Gonatocerini, the species of Lymaenon are distinguished by the following combination of features: vertex almost always with 3 (Fig. 180) or 4 setae in ocellar triangle; pronotum longitudinally divided medially, the lobes widely separated by a distinct, median area (Fig. 188); dorsellum strap-like, the anterior and posterior margins parallel (Fig. 185); propodeum usually with two usually well separated and slightly converging submedian lines almost always extending length of propodeum (Fig. 185). Description . FEMALE . Face with subantennal sulci present, weakly converging, the distance between them at mouth margin the same or more (occasionally less) than their distance from the preorbital sulci (Fig. 179). Vertex with 3 (Fig. 180) or 4 setae in ocellar triangle, rarely with 2 setae. Occiput almost always entire (Fig. 182), rarely with a partial sulcus along eye orbit separating gena from occiput. Mandible with 3 normal teeth (Figs 183, 184). Funicle 8 -segmented, rarely 7 -segmented (Fig. 175), the basal four usually shorter than apical four (or three), and rarely with mps whereas apical four segments have mps on at least one segment. Pronotum longitudinally divided medially, the lobes widely separated by a distinct, median area (Fig. 188), this area membranous or, less commonly, well sclerotized (but separated by carinae from lateral areas). Pronotal spiracle almost always larger than propodeal spiracle (Fig. 186). Dorsellum at least 4 × as wide as long, strap-like, the anterior and posterior margins parallel (Figs 7, 185, 186). Propodeum usually with two usually well separated and slightly converging submedian lines almost always extending length of propodeum, the area between them often with minute spicules (Figs 7, 185), rarely the submedian lines short, raised as carinae and without spicules between them. Fore wing with microtrichia usually present behind venation to base of parastigma (Figs 175, 177), sometimes bare behind venation except for subcubital line (Fig. 176), rarely completely bare behind venation. Stigma almost always truncate apically (Figs 175–178), sometimes slightly oblique. MALE . Radicle short, separated from scape by a line or sulcus, at most about 0.3 × as long as scape. Scape fairly short, at most about 3.0× as long as pedicel. Genitalia with aedeagal apodemes shorter than to almost as long as apodeme of genital sternum, rarely extending anteriorly slightly past its apex (see examples in Triapitsyn 2010), and with well developed volsellae. Discussion . With over 160 nominal species, Lymaenon is the most speciose genus in Gonatocerini. The species vary widely in size from small to very large specimens, with body length 435–3200 Μm. Body colour can be almost entirely black to almost entirely yellow, often patterned in various ways with brown, yellow or black. Many species have the same colour and pattern as several Gonatocerus species, in which the mesosoma is predominantly yellow but with brown spots or areas on the mid- and side lobes of the mesoscutum, medially on the anterior scutellum, and on the axilla (Fig. 7). In the Holarctic region the mesosoma is usually uniformly coloured dark brown or black; in tropical areas yellow is the predominant body colour. Superficially, different Lymaenon species can resemble those of several other genera but the strap-like dorsellum and propodeal structure remains constant and the genus is quite homogeneous structurally so subdividing it into meaningful species groups appears futile. The greatest diversity in body form and colour is found in Australia. The least diversity occurs in the Nearctic, Neotropical and Palaearctic regions. The Afrotropical and Oriental regions have an intermediate amount of diversity. Most species have eight funicle segments. A few African species have only seven funicle segments (Fig. 175), as in some Gahanopsis . Fl 1 –fl 4 vary in length, from all being almost anelliform to distinctly longer than wide, but in almost all cases fl 1 –fl 4 are each no longer than and almost always shorter than fl 5 or fl 6. In a few species the head is very thin, as in Zeyanus . The back of head usually lack sulci but the occiput of some species has a curved transverse sulcus extending from the malar sulcus behind each eye to the foramen, somewhat as in some species of Cosmocomoidea or Gastrogonatocerus . The wings are usually unmarked but many Australian and a few Afrotropical species have patterned wings, usually as 1–3 bands extending across the wing (Fig. 178) but sometimes with an apical spot or longitudinal streak. A few Lymaenon species have one or two white flagellomeres (Fig. 176) as in some Cosmocomoidea and Cosmocomopsis species. Fore wing microtrichia usually extend over the entire wing surface to the base of the parastigma but quite often only the subcubital line of microtrichia extends to the base and the area behind the venation is bare; exceptionally, the entire area behind the venation is bare, as in many Cosmocomoidea species. The gastral petiole is usually short, ring-like (Figs 89, 190) but sometimes (several species in Madagascar) it is as long as the metacoxa, as in some Cosmocomoidea and Cosmocomopsis species. Most Lymaenon species do not have the ovipositor sheaths extending much beyond the gaster apex (Fig. 190) but a few species have them extending well beyond (Fig. 177). Some species, especially from Australia but also from other regions, have a long gaster with the ovipositor extending anteriorly to varying degrees under the mesosoma and head (Fig. 178), as in many Gahanopsis and Gastrogonatocerus species. The ovipositor sheaths have the usual pair of subapical setae but one species (one specimen seen) has 5 pairs, somewhat as in Zeyanus species. Hosts and habitat . Fewer than 20 nominal species have a host recorded, sometimes only to family. The few reliable host records indicate that species of Lymaenon parasitize Cicadellidae and sometimes Membracidae and are not host specific. Viggiani (2013) listed the four known hosts of one species, L . litoralis (Haliday): Cicadula sexnotata (Fallén), Acocephalus sp., Neoaliturus ( Circulifer ) tenellus (Baker), and Zyginidia sohrab Zachvatkin. Species of Lymaenon are particularly well represented in semi-arid to arid regions such as open woodlands, deserts and, occasionally, tundra. Relatively fewer species are found in forests, especially tropical rainforests. Included species: Lymaenon acuminatus Walker, comb. rev. from Gonatocerus . Lymaenon acuminatus Walker, 1846: 49; lectotype ♀ in MVMA. Dalla Torre, 1898: 429 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: England, no locality given. Lymaenon longicauda (Enock). Oophilus longicauda Enock, 1909: 458; lectotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). Debauche, 1948: 88 (transferred to Lymaenon ). TL: England, Surrey, Richmond Park. Synonymy under G . acuminatus by Graham, 1972: 132. Lymaenon africanus (Soyka). Gonatocerus africanus Soyka, 1950: 126; holotype ♀ in PPDD (lost); 1 paratype ♀ in NHMV (examined). Heqvist, 1960: 430 (transferred to Lymaenon ). TL: Egypt, Dakhla Oasis. Lymaenon angustiventris (Girault & Dodd), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus angustiventris Girault & Dodd in Girault, 1915 [228]: 158; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Kuranda. Lymaenon aureinotum (Dodd), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus aureinotum Dodd, 1917: 351; holotype ♀ in QMBA. Lin et al ., 2007: 34 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Yungaburra. Lymaenon aureus (Girault), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus aureus Girault, 1911 [96]: 263; neotype ♀ in USNM, designated by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 48. TL: USA, Illinois, Urbana. Lymaenon aligarhensis (Shamim & Adam Shafee). Gonatocerus aligarhensis Shamim & Adam Shafee, 1984: 623; holotype ♀ in ZDAMU. TL: India, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh. Synonymy under G . pahlgamensis by Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 114. Synonymy under G . aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 48. Lymaenon brunneus tenuipennis (Girault). Gonatocerus brunneus tenuipennis Girault, 1911 [96]: 263; holotype ♀ in INHS (lost). TL: USA, Illinois, Centralia, Urbana. Synonymy under G . aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 47. Lymaenon chrysis Debauche. Lymaenon chrysis Debauche, 1948: 99; holotype ♀ in IRSNB (examined). Graham, 1973: 48 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Belgium, Héverlé. Synonymy under G . aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 47. Lymaenon fukuokensis (Sahad). Gonatocerus fukuokensis Sahad, in Sahad & Hirashima, 1984: 20; holotype ♀ in KUEC. TL: Japan, Kyushu, Fukuoka City, Hakozaki. Synonymy under G . pahlgamensis by Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 114. Synonymy under G . aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 48. Lymaenon gracilentus (Hellén). Gonatocerus gracilentus Hellén, 1974: 11; lectotype ♀ in ZMH. TL: Finland, Parikkala. Synonymy under chrysis by Matthews, 1986: 227. Synonymy under G . aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 48. Lymaenon illinoiensis (Girault). Gonatocerus illinoiensis Girault, 1917 [323]: 91; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: USA, Illinois, Randolph Co., Coulterville. Synonymy under G . litoralis by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 83. Lymaenon pahlgamensis Narayanan, 1961: 25; holotype ♀ in IARI. TL: India, Kashmir, no locality given. Synonymy under G . aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 48. Lymaenon kanheriensis (Mani & Saraswat). Gonatocerus kanheriensis Mani & Saraswat, 1973: 87; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: India, Maharashtra, Bombay. Synonymy under G . pahlgamensis by Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 114. Synonymy under G . aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 47. Lymaenon vopros Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 47. Replacement name for G . flavus Soyka, 1950, not G . flavus Förster, 1841. Lymaenon flavus (Soyka). Gonatocerus flavus Soyka, 1950: 127; holotype ♀ in PPDD (lost); Heqvist, 1960: 430 (transferred to Lymaenon ). TL: Egypt, Giza. Synonymy under G . aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 47. Lymaenon australensis (Perkins), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus australensis Perkins, 1905: 195; 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ syntypes in BPBM (examined). Girault, 1915 [228]: 156 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Cairns. Lymaenon australicus (Girault), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus ( Gonatoceroides ) australica Girault, 1913 [155]: 255; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). Girault, 1915 [228]: 159 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Ayr. Lymaenon ayrensis (Girault), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus ayrensis Girault, 1913 [155]: 257; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Ayr. Lymaenon baconi (Girault), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus baconi Girault, 1912 [120]: 129; 2 ♂ syntypes in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Mackay, Pioneer River. Lymaenon bakrotus (Mani & Saraswat), comb. n. from Gonatoceru s. Gonatocerus bakrotus Mani & Saraswat, 1973: 80; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: India, Himachal Pradesh, Dalhousie (Upper Bakrota). Lymaenon bashai (Zeya), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus bashai Zeya in Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 121; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India, Assam, Silchar, near railway station. Lymaenon basilewskyi Mathot. Lymaenon basilewskyi Mathot, 1968: 265; holotype ♀ in MRAC (examined). TL: Tanzania, Ngorongoro, Rest Camp [data from type slide: 2400–2500m, 6 / 19 –vi. 1957, P. Basilewsky et N. Leleup.] Lymaenon bellus (Girault), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus bellus Girault, 1938 [452]: 396; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). Lin et al ., 2007: 34 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Kingston. Lymaenon beshbarmak (Triapitsyn), comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ) beshbarmak Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 58; holotype ♀ in UCRC. TL: Kyrgyzstan, Dzhalal-abad, Teke-Uyuk ravine. Lymaenon berezovskiyi (Triapitsyn), comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ) berezovskiyi Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 56; holotype ♀ in UCRC. TL: Turkmenistan, Ahal, Babarurmaz. Lymaenon berijamus (Mani & Saraswat), comb. n. from Gonatoceru s ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus berijamus Mani & Saraswat, 1973: 82; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 113 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]. TL: India, Tamil Nadu, Anamalai Hills, between Berijam and Munnar. Lymaenon bicolor (Girault), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus bicolor Girault, 1913 [147]: 216; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale]. Lymaenon bicoloriventris (Zeya), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus bicoloriventris Zeya in Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 96; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 60 [placed in Gonatoceru s ( Lymaenon )]. TL: India, Karnataka, Srirangapatnam. Lymaenon bifasciativentris (Girault), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus bifasciativentris Girault, 1917 [328]: 273; 16 ♀ and 1 ♂ syntypes in QMBA (examined). TL: Java, no locality given. Lymaenon boswelli (Girault), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus boswelli Girault, 1915 [228]: 158; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Cooktown. Lymaenon bouceki (Zeya), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus bouceki Zeya in Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 105; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh. Lymaenon brevifuniculatus (Subba Rao), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus brevifuniculatus Subba Rao, 1970: 664; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: Pakistan, Hyderabad. Lymaenon breviterebratus (Subba Rao), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus breviterebratus Subba Rao, 1989: 148; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India, Karnataka, 25 km W. Mudigere. Lymaenon brunoi (Girault), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus brunoi Girault, 1912 [120]: 142; 6 ♂ syntypes in QMBA (examined) [this is a mixed series, including two specimens possibly of Gonatocerus comptei or G. hallami ]. TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale]. Lymaenon brunoi lyelli (Girault), comb. n. from Gonatoceru s. Gonatocerus brunoi lyelli Girault, 1913 [147]: 218; holotype ♂ in QMBA. TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale]. Lymaenon bulgaricus (Donev & Triapitsyn), comb. n. from Gonatoceru s. Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ) bulgaricus Donev & Triapitsyn in Triapitsyn et al ., 2013: 277; holotype ♀ in PUPB. TL: Bulgaria, Blagoevgrad, Sandanski, Rozhen Monastery. Lymaenon capensis Viggiani & Jesu, 1995: 101; holotype ♀ in DEZA. TL: Cape Verde Is., San Jorge. Lymaenon carlylei (Girault), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus carlylei Girault, 1913 [165]: 114; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale]. Lymaenon centaurus (Girault), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus centaurus Girault, 1920 [352]: 45; holotype ♀ in QMBA. Lin et al. , 2007: 35 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Goondi. Lymaenon chryseides Debauche, 1949: 45; holotype ♀ in MRAC. TL: Congo, Parc National Albert, Nyasheke, Nyamuragira volcano. Lymaenon cingulatus (Perkins), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus cingulatus Perkins, 1905: 196; 1 ♀ syntype in BPBM (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Brisbane. Lymaenon circumvagus (Girault), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus circumvagus Girault, 1915 [228]: 15 : Published as part of Huber, John T., 2015, World reclassification of the Gonatocerus group of genera (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), pp. 1-184 in Zootaxa 3967 (1) on pages 41-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3967.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/288712 : {"references": ["Walker, F. (1846) Descriptions of the Mymaridae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 18, 49 - 54. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 037454809494390", "Gahan, A. B. & Fagan, M. M. (1923) The type species of the genera of Chalcidoidea or chalcid-flies. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, Washington, 124, 1 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.124. i", "Foerster, A. (1856) Hymenopterologische Studien. II. Heft. Chalcidiae und Proctotrupii. Ernst ter Meer, Aachen, 152 pp.", "Triapitsyn, S. V. (2013 a) Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Palaearctic region, with notes on extralimital distributions. Zootaxa, 3644, 1 - 178. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3644.1.1", "Foerster, A. (1847) Ueber die Familie der Mymariden. Linnaea Entomologica, 2, 195 - 233.", "Enock, F. (1909) XI. New genera of British Mymaridae (Haliday). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London Part 4 (for the years of 1909 - 1910), pp. 449 - 459 + plates XII - XV.", "Girault, A. A. (1911 [96]) Descriptions of North American Mymaridae with synonymic and other notes on described genera and species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 37, 253 - 324.", "Debauche, H. R. (1949) Mymaridae (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea). Exploration du Parc National Albert, Mission G. F. de Witte (1933 - 35), 49, 1 - 105 + 13 plates.", "Annecke, D. P. & Doutt, R. L. (1961) The genera of the Mymaridae. Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea. Entomology Memoirs. Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa, 5, 1 - 71.", "Viggiani, G. (2013) First record of Gonatocerus litoralis (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from Anoplotettix putoni Ribaut (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research, 45, 117 - 119. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4081 / jear. 2013. e 21", "Dalla Torre, C. G. de (1898) Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptiorum systematicus et synonymicus. V. Chalcididae et Proctotrupidae. Guilelmi Engelmann, Lipsiae [Leipzig], 598 pp.", "Debauche, H. R. (1948) Etude sur les Mymarommidae et les Mymaridae de la Belgique (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea). Memoires du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 108, 1 - 248 + 24 plates.", "Soyka, W. (1950) New and known alaptids and mymarids from Egypt [Hymenoptera-Chalcidoidea]. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad 1 er d'Entomologie, 34, 121 - 131.", "Heqvist, K. J. (1960) Hymenoptera (Chalcidoidea) Mymaridae. South African Animal Life, 7, 423 - 432.", "Dodd, A. P. (1917) Records and descriptions of Australian Chalcidoidea. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia, 41, 344 - 368.", "Lin, N. - Q., Huber, J. T. & La Salle, J. (2007) The Australian genera of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Zootaxa, 1596, 1 - 111.", "Shamim, S. M. & Adam Shafee, S. (1984) Descriptions of three new species of Gonatocerus Nees (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from Aligarh (India). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 80, 623 - 626.", "Zeya, S. B. & Hayat, M. (1995) A revision of the Indian species of Gonatocerus Nees (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae). Oriental Insects, 29, 47 - 160. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1995.10433741", "Graham, M. W. R. de V. (1973) Some Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain. Entomologists's Gazette, 24, 47 - 50.", "Sahad, K. A. & Hirashima, Y. (1984) Taxonomic studies on the genera Gonatocerus Nees and Anagrus Haliday of Japan and adjacent regions, with some notes on their biology (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae). Bulletin of the Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, 7, 1 - 78.", "Hellen, W. (1974) Die Mymariden Finnlands (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Fauna Fennica, 25, 1 - 31.", "Matthews, M. J. (1986) The British species of Gonatocerus Nees (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of Homoptera. Systematic Entomology, 11, 213 - 229. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1986. tb 00177. x", "Mani, M. S. & Saraswat, G. G. (1973) Part III [pp. 78 - 125]. Family Gonatoceridae. In: Mani, M. S., Dubey, O. P., Kaul, B. K. & Saraswat, G. G. (Eds.), On some chalcids (Hymenoptera) from India. Memoirs of the School of Entomology, St. John's College, Agra, 2, pp. 78 - 100.", "Forster, A. (1841) Beitrage zur Monographie der Familie Der Pteromalinen Nees. I. Heft. Jacob Anton Mayer, Aachen, 45 pp. + plate XLV.", "Perkins, R. C. L. (1905) Leaf-hoppers and their natural enemies (Pt. VI. Mymaridae, Platygasteridae). Report of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Division of Entomology, Bulletin, 1, Part 6, pp. 187 - 205 + 13 plates.", "Girault, A. A. (1912 [120]) Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea. II. The family Mymaridae with descriptions of new species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 1, 117 - 175.", "Mathot, G. (1968) Mymaridae nouveaux d'Afrique central (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 78, 265 - 276.", "Girault, A. A. (1938 [452]) New Trichogrammatidae and Mymaridae from Australia (Hymenoptera). Revista de Entomologia (Rio de Janeiro), 9, 382 - 396.", "Subba Rao, B. R. (1970) Descriptions of new genera and species of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) from the Far East and the Ethiopian region. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 59, 659 - 670. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300003655", "Subba Rao, B. R. (1989) On a collection of Indian Mymaridae (Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera). Hexapoda, 1, 139 - 186.", "Viggiani, G. & Jesu, R. (1995) New species of Mymaridae from Cape Verde Islands (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria \" Filippo Silvestri \", 50, 93 - 107.", "Girault, A. A (1930 [433]) New pests from Australia, VIII. Privately printed, Brisbane, pp. 1 - 5.", "Zeya, S. B., Manickavasagam, S. & Rameshkumar, A. (2012) Description of two new species of Gonatocerus Nees from India, with notes on Gonatocerus tamilanus Mani and Saraswat (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Biosystematica, 6 (2), 5 - 9.", "Dozier, H. L. (1932) Descriptions of new mymarid egg parasites from Haiti and Puerto Rico. Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Puerto Rico, 16, 81 - 91.", "Mathot, G. (1969) Contribution a la connaissance des Mymaridae d'Europe et description d'especes nouvelles (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin de l'Institut Royale des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 45 (7), 1 - 23.", "Narayanan, E. S. & Subba Rao, B. R. (1961) Studies on Indian Mymaridae III. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 11, 655 - 671.", "Girault, A. A. (1925 [387]) Some gem-like or marvellous inhabitants of the woodlands heretofore unknown and by most never seen nor dreamt. Privately printed, Brisbane, pp. 1 - 3.", "Girault, A. A (1931 [435]) A new habit in an old insect, Homo pudicus and new Eurytomidae. Privately printed, Brisbane, pp. 1 - 4.", "Zeya, S. B. & Anwar, P. T. (2013) Four new species of Gonatocerus Nees (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from India. Oriental Insects, 47 (2 - 3), 116 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2013.807560", "Dahms, E. C. (1984) A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: III. Chalcidoidea species F - M with advisory notes. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 21, 579 - 842.", "Ozdikmen, H. (2011) New names for some preoccupied specific epithets in Chalcidoidea II: families Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae, Mymaridae, Perilampidae, Pteromalidae, Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Parasitica). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 6, 832 - 855.", "Girault, A. A. (1936 [446]) Chalcididae Capsidae species nova Australiensis Giraulti. Privately printed, Brisbane, pp. 1 - 2.", "Haliday, A. H. (1833) Essay on the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain, which correspond with the Ichneumones minuti of Linnaeus. Entomological Magazine, 1, 259 - 276, 333 - 350, 490 - 491.", "Brues, C. T. (1907) Notes and descriptions of North American parasitic Hymenoptera. IV. Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society (new series), 5, 96 - 111.", "Girault, A. A. (1905 [16]) Descriptions of two new hymenopterous egg-parasites. Entomological News, 16, 287 - 289.", "Forster, A. (1861) Ein tag in den Hoch-Alpen, eine entomolgische Stizze. Programm der Realschule zu Aachen, 1860 - 1861. F. F. Beaufort, Aachen, 44 pp.", "Ahlberg, O. (1925) Zikaden-Parasiten unter den Strepsipteren und Hymenopteren. Meddelanden fran Centralanstalten for Forsoksvasendet pa Jordbruksomradet, No. 287 (Ent. No. 46), 79 - 86.", "Soyka, W. (1946) Revision einiger Mymaridengattungen. Zentralblatt fur das Gesamtgebiet der Entomologie, Linz, 1, 33 - 44.", "Rakitov, R. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2013) Egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae) of the gall-making leafhopper Scenergates viridis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Uzbekistan, with taxonomic notes on the Palearctic species of Aphelinoidea. Zootaxa, 3683 (5), 538 - 548. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3683.5.2", "Subba Rao, B. R. & Kaur, R. B. (1959) Studies on Indian Mymaridae - Part I. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science B, 49, 227 - 238.", "Subba Rao, B. R. & Hayat, M. (1983) Key to the genera of Oriental Mymaridae, with a preliminary catalog (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Contributions to the American Entomological Institute, 20, 125 - 150.", "Ashmead, W. H. (1887) Studies of the North American Proctotrupidae, with descriptions of new species from Florida. The Canadian Entomologist, 19, 192 - 198. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 19192 - 10", "Hincks, W. D. (1952) A new \" fairy fly \" from Spurn peninsula (Hym. Mymaridae). Journal of the Society for British Entomology, 4, 64 - 66.", "Boucek, Z. & Graham, M. W. R. de V. (1978 a) Chalcidoidea. In: Fitton, M. G., Graham, M. W. R. de V., Boucek, Z. R. J., Fergusson, N. D. M., Huddleston, T., Quinlan, J. & Richards, O. W. A check list of British Insects, second edition (completely revised). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, 11 (4), pp. 67 - 110.", "Gahan, A. B. (1918) Three new chalcidoid egg-parasites. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 20, 23 - 26.", "Ogloblin, A. A. (1936) Las especies nuevas o poco conocidas del genero Lymaenon (Hal.) Walk. (Gonatocerus (1) auct. nec Nees) de la Republica Argentina (Hym. Mymaridae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 8, 33 - 56 + 4 plates.", "Triapitsyn, S. V. (2013 b) Genus Gonatocerus Nees ab Esenbeck, 1834 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Nearctic region: taxonomic notes and descriptions of three new species. Russian Entomological Journal, 22, 211 - 222.", "Risbec, J. (1952) Contribution a l'etude des Chalcidoides de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie E, 2, 1 - 449.", "Girault, A. A. (1928 [421]) A prodigeous discourse on wild animals. Privately printed, Brisbane, pp. 1 - 3.", "Masi, L. (1917) Chalcididae of the Seychelles Islands. With an appendix by Kieffer, J. J. Novitates Zoologicae, 25, 121 - 230.", "Jesu, R. & Viggiani, G. (2004 [2003]) Description of a new species of Gonatocerus Nees (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) from Yemen. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria \" Filippo Silvestri \", 59, 79 - 82.", "Viggiani, G. & Jesu, R. (1987 [1986]) Due nuovi Mimaridi parassitoidi oofagi di Gargara genistae F. (Homoptera: Membracidae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria \" Filippo Silvestri \", 43, 29 - 34."]}