Simulium vernum

• Main Authors: Adler, Peter H., Crosskey, Roger W.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2015
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Simuliidae; Simulium; Simulium vernum; Yukon; Fairbanks; Murmansk; Canada; Tuva; Nicholson; Dunbar; Currie; Eastmain; Seitz; Petrova; Usova; Fennoscandia; Northern Sweden; Alaska
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6093639; https://zenodo.org/record/6093639

VERNUM species-group Simulium aestivum Davies, Peterson & Wood Dunbar (1962, chromosomal key, idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths): Canada Brockhouse (1984, 1985, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard; as E. ‘Labrador’): Canada Hunter & Connolly (1986, characterization, cytodendrogram, drawing of IL, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Canada Hunter (1987 a, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, note on revised inversion breakpoints, photos of IIIS and IIIL, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Canada, USA Hunter (1987 b, note on revised inversion breakpoints, summary of fixed inversions relative to S. vernum group standard): North America Simulium armoricanum Doby & David Bass & Brockhouse (1990, characterization, partial resolution relative to S. vernum group standard but inversion breakpoints not given): [Britain (England)] Adler & Seitz (2014, chromosomal phylogeny): [Europe] Simulium australe (Rubtsov) Kachvoryan (1990 b, comparison with S. chubarevae , description, photos of all arms and metaphase complement): Armenia Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features): Armenia Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features): [Armenia] Chubareva & Petrova (2008 a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements): Armenia Simulium bavaricum Seitz & Adler Seitz & Adler (2009, characterization; inversions mapped; original description of species; photos of IL, IIIS, IIIL, bases of IIS and IIL, and partial chromocenter; resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Germany Simulium beltukovae (Rubtsov) Hunter (1987 a, 1987 b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of IIS, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard; as Eusimulium carpathicum ): Germany Adler, Malmqvist & Zhang (1999, notes on geographic variation; as S. carpathicum ): Sweden Chubareva & Petrova (2008 a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements; as Cnetha cryophila ): Russia Adler & Seitz (2014, chromosomal phylogeny): [Europe] Simulium berchtesgadense Seitz, Adler & Forster Seitz, Adler & Forster (2015, characterization, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Germany Simulium bicorne Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov & Vlasenko Brockhouse (1984, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard; as E. bicorne and ‘Alaska # 23 ’): Canada, USA Brockhouse (1985, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard; as E. bicorne ): Canada, USA Adler, Malmqvist & Zhang (1999, description, partial resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Sweden Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Canada Simulium burgeri Adler, Currie & Wood Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, original description of species, partial resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Canada Simulium carbunculum Adler, Currie & Wood Dunbar (1962, chromosomal key, idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths, whole-arm interchange [actually a misinterpretation]; as E. pugetense ‘Cypress’): Canada Hunter & Connolly (1986, characterization, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard; as E. pugetense ‘Cypress Hills’): Canada Hunter (1987 a, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard; as E. pugetense ‘Cypress Hills’): Canada Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Dunbar’s 1962 S. pugetense ‘Cypress’, inversions mapped): North America Simulium carthusiense Grenier & Dorier Adler & Seitz (2014, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; description of different B chromosomes; inversions mapped; photos of B chromosomes [2 types], IS and IL ends, IIIS, and IIIL; resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Austria, Spain Simulium chomthongense Takaoka, Srisuka & Choochote Kuvangkadilok, Boonkemtong & Phayuhasena (1998, low-resolution photos of C-banded and orcein-stained polytene chromosomes [II and III reversed]; as S. caudisclerum ): Thailand Kuvangkadilok, Phayuhasena & Boonkemtong (1999, description, photos of polytene chromosomes [lowmagnification, II and III reversed] and IIS [as IIIS], polytene chromosome relative lengths; as S. caudisclerum ): Thailand Simulium chubarevae (Kachvoryan & Terteryan) Kachvoryan (1986, notes on B chromosomes): Armenia Kachvoryan (1988 c, notes on B chromosomes): Armenia Kachvoryan (1990 b, B chromosomes, comparison with S. australe , description, photos of all arms, B chromosomes, and metaphase complement): Armenia Kachvoryan, Usova & Oganesyan (1993, comparison with S. djafarovi , photos of IL and IIIL): Armenia Kachvoryan & Galustyan (1998, notes on B chromosomes): Armenia Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features): Armenia Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features): Armenia Chubareva & Petrova (2008 a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements): Armenia Simulium conicum Adler, Currie & Wood Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, inversions mapped, original description of species, resolution [except IL] relative to S. vernum group standard): USA Simulium costatum Friederichs Knoz & Chubareva (1974, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements): Czech Republic Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features): Czech Republic Hunter (1987 a, 1987 b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Britain (England), Denmark, Germany Brockhouse, Bass, Feraday & Straus (1989, cytodendrogram, description and evolution of different B chromosomes, photo of B chromosomes): Britain (England), Denmark Brockhouse, Bass & Straus (1989, B chromosomes, description and possible origin of chromocenter polymorphism, photos of B chromosomes and low-resolution polytene complements showing chromocenter polymorphisms): Britain (England) Bass & Brockhouse (1990, characterization, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): [Britain (England)] Brockhouse (1991, chromocenter polymorphism, description and evolution of different B chromosomes, photos of B chromosomes and low-magnification polytene complements): Britain (England), Denmark Chubareva & Kachvoryan (2000, comparison with S. akopi , description, note on B chromosomes, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements): Czech Republic Chubareva & Petrova (2008 a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Czech Republic Simulium craigi Adler & Currie Dunbar (1962, chromosomal key, idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths; as Eusimulium latipes ): Canada Brockhouse (1984, 1985, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, photos of IIIL, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard; as ‘Cypress Hills’, ‘Gothic’, and ‘Nipigon’): Canada, USA Brockhouse in Adler & Currie (1986, characterization; formal name by Adler & Currie for Brockhouse’s 1985 ‘Cypress Hills’, ‘Gothic’, and ‘Nipigon’; partial resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Canada Hunter (1987 a, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of partial IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IL, IIIS, and IIIL; resolution relative to S. vernum group standard; as S. ‘X’): Canada, USA Brockhouse, Bass, Feraday & Straus (1989, notes on B chromosomes; as S. craigi and ‘ Type 4 ’): North America Brockhouse (1991, note on difference from S. vernum group standard; as S. craigi , ‘Cypress Hills’, ‘Gothic’, and ‘Nipigon’): North America Hunter (2002, characterization; drawings of partial IIIL; inversions mapped; new cytoforms recognized [‘ACF/BCF’, ‘AF’, and ‘CC’]; photos of IL, IIIL, and partial IIIS; resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Canada, USA Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, geographic variation, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Canada Simulium crenobium (Knoz) Bass & Brockhouse (1990, characterization, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): [Germany] Brockhouse (1991, notes on comparison with S. juxtacrenobium ): [Germany] Ilmonen, Adler, Malmqvist & Cywinska (2009, B chromosomes, characterization, geographic variation, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Austria, Germany Simulium croxtoni Nicholson & Mickel Zimring (1953, idiogram, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths): Canada Dunbar (1962, chromosomal key, idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths): Canada Hunter & Connolly (1986, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Canada Hunter (1987 a, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Canada Hunter (1987 b, summary of fixed inversions relative to S. vernum group standard): North America Simulium cryophilum (Rubtsov) (complex) Kunze (1952, description of pairing, drawings of polytene sections, photo of polytene complement; as Simulium ‘sp. 1 ’): Austria Kunze (1953, low-magnification photos of polytene complements, notes on general polytene features; as Simulium ‘sp. 1 ’ and ‘sp. 2 ’): Austria Petrukhina (1966, description; photos of metaphase and polytene [low magnification] complements, all arms, and polymorphisms; polytene chromosome relative lengths; as Eusimulium latipes latipes ): Russia Chubareva & Petrukhina (1970, note on comparison with S. erythrocephalum , photos of nucleolar organizer region in chromosome I [not III] and IL and IIL ends; as Eusimulium latipes ): [Russia] Chubareva, Petrova & Petrukhina (1971, notes on general polytene features, photos of CI region and lowmagnification polytene complement; as Eusimulium cryophilum and E. latipes ): Russia Kachvoryan & Chubareva (1974, comparison with selected species in S. vernum group, description, photos of all chromosomes; as E. latipes ): Armenia Chubareva (1977 c, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths; as Cnetha latipes ): [Russia] Chubareva (1979 a, notes on general polytene features; as Cnetha latipes ): Russia Chubareva & Petrova (1979, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as Cnetha cryophilum and C. latipes ): Russia Kachvoryan (1979, comparison with selected species, photo of IS end; as Cnetha latipes ): [Armenia] Chubareva (1980 a, idiogram, notes on general polytene features; as Cnetha latipes ): Russia Burkiewicz (1985, photos of sex chromosomes [IIIL partial]): Poland Hunter (1987 a, 1987 b, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; new cytoforms [‘A’ and ‘B’] and homosequential sibling species recognized [‘B 1 ’ (= S. urbanum ) and ‘B 2 ’]; photos of IL end, IIS end, IIIS, and IIIL partial; resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Denmark, Germany Bass & Brockhouse (1990, characterization, partial resolution relative to S. vernum group standard but inversion breakpoints not given): [Britain (England)] Adler, Malmqvist & Zhang (1999, notes on geographic variation; as S. cryophilum cytospecies ‘A’ and ‘B 2 ’): Sweden Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as Hellichiella latipes and Nevermannia cryophila ): Russia Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia Chubareva & Petrova (2004, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as C. cryophila and C. verna ): Russia Chubareva & Petrova (2008 a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths; as C. verna ): Russia Adler & Seitz (2014, chromosomal phylogeny, photo of IL base): Spain Simulium djafarovi (Rubtsov) Kachvoryan (1988 a, B chromosomes; description; photos of all chromosomes, B chromosomes, and metaphase complement; polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia Kachvoryan (1990 a, B chromosomes; description; multiple nucleoli; photos of B chromosomes and partial IL, IIS, IIL, and IIIL): Armenia Kachvoryan, Usova & Oganesyan (1993, comparison with S. chubarevae , photos of IL and IIIL): Armenia Kachvoryan & Galustyan (1998, notes on B chromosomes): Armenia Kachvoryan & Adler (2000, note on undifferentiated sex chromosomes): Armenia Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features): Armenia Chubareva & Petrova (2008 a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia Simulium dunfellense Davies Bass & Brockhouse (1990, characterization, partial resolution relative to S. vernum group standard but inversion breakpoints not given): [Britain (England)] Brockhouse (1991, comparison with S. juxtacrenobium ): [Britain (England)] Simulium fionae Adler Brockhouse (1984, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, partial resolution relative to S. vernum group standard, photos of IL and IIIL; as ‘A-type’): Canada Brockhouse (1985, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, partial resolution relative to S. vernum group standard, photo of IIIL; as ‘Eastmain’): Canada Hunter & Connolly (1986, characterization, cytodendrogram, drawing of IIL, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution [except IIL] relative to S. vernum group standard; as S. ‘sp.’): USA Hunter (1987 a, characterization, cytodendrogram, drawing of IIL, idiogram, inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement, resolution [except IIL] relative to S. vernum group standard; as S. ‘sp. near furculatum - croxtoni ’): USA Hunter (1987 b, summary of fixed inversions relative to S. vernum group standard; as S. ‘sp.’): North America Adler (1990, notes on geographic variation, original description of species): USA Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, notes on geographic variation): Canada Simulium fontinale Radzivilovskaya Brockhouse (1984, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard; as Eusimulium ‘Yukon # 9 ’): Canada Choate (1984, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard; as E. ‘X’): USA Brockhouse (1985, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard; as E. ‘Yukon’): Canada Brockhouse in Adler & Currie (1986, characterization, partial resolution relative to S. vernum group standard; as S. decolletum ): Canada Allison & Shields (1989, characterization, drawing of IIIL, selected inversions mapped; as E. decolletum ): USA Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, geographic variation, resolution relative to S. vernum group standard): Canada, USA Chubareva & Petrova (2004, notes on B chromosomes and general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia Chubareva & Petrova (2006, frequency of B chromosomes, low-resolution photos of B chromosomes [with interpretive drawings] and metaphase complement): Russia Chubareva & Petrova (2008 a, description, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia Simulium fontium (Rubtsov) Kachvoryan & Chubareva (1974, comparison with selected species in S. vernum group, description, photos of all arms): Armenia Kachvoryan (1978, comparison with selected species in subgenera Montisimulium and Nevermannia [as Chelocnetha ], description): Armenia Chubareva & Petrova (1979, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia Kachvoryan (1979, comparison with selected species; photos of ends of IS, IIL, IIIS, and IIIL): [Armenia] Chubareva & Kachvoryan (2000, comparison with S. akopi ): Armenia Kachvoryan & Adler (2000, note on undifferentiated sex chromosomes): Armenia Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as N. latipes ): Armenia Chubareva & Petrova (2008 a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia Kachvoryan in Adler & Werner (2010, notes on B chromosomes, possible synonymy with S. costatum ): Armenia Simulium garniense (Rubtsov) Kachvoryan & Chubareva (1974, comparison with selected species in S. vernum group, description, photos of all arms): Armenia Kachvoryan (197 : Published as part of Adler, Peter H. & Crosskey, Roger W., 2015, Cytotaxonomy of the Simuliidae (Diptera): a systematic and bibliographic conspectus, pp. 1-139 in Zootaxa 3975 (1) on pages 66-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3975.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/192364 : {"references": ["Dunbar, R. W. (1962) Cytotaxonomic studies in Simuliidae. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 101 pp.", "Brockhouse, C. L. (1984) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 94 pp.", "Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1985) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2145 - 2161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 316", "Hunter, F. F. & Connolly, V. (1986) A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 296 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 050", "Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp.", "Hunter, F. F. (1987 b) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115.", "Bass, J. A. B. & Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1990) A new British species of the Simulium vernum group, with comments on its ecology and life history (Diptera: Simuliidae). Aquatic Insects, 12, 65 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361392", "Adler, P. H. & Seitz, G. (2014) Chromosomal characteristics and evolutionary relationships of the Palearctic black fly Simulium carthusiense (Diptera: Simuliidae). European Journal of Entomology, 111: 469 - 474.", "Kachvoryan, E. A. (1990 b) A comparative karyological study of two allied species of blackflies in the genus Cnetha End. (Diptera, Simuliidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 69, 215 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 70, 68 - 75 (1991).]", "Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]", "Seitz, G. & Adler, P. H. (2009) A new species of the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Alps of southeastern Germany. Aquatic Insects, 31, 1 - 10. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650420802425158", "Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. & Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014", "Seitz, G., Adler, P. H. & Forster, M. (2015) A new species, Simulium (Nevermannia) berchtesgadense (Diptera: Simuliidae), and its chromosomes, from the Alps of southeastern Germany. Zootaxa, 3937, 248 - 262. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3937.2.2", "Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. & Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates.", "Kuvangkadilok, C., Boonkemtong, C. & Phayuhasena, S. (1998) C-banding in polytene chromosomes of six Simulium species (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand. Journal of the Science Society of Thailand, 24, 215 - 230. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2306 / scienceasia 1513 - 1874.1998.24.215", "Kuvangkadilok, C., Phayuhasena, S. & Boonkemtong, C. (1999) Larval polytene chromosomes of five species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Doi Inthanon National Park, northern Thailand. Cytologia, 64, 197 - 207. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1508 / cytologia. 64.197", "Kachvoryan, E. A. (1986) B-chromosomes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Terteryan, A. E. & Matinyan, T. K. (Eds.), Pervaya Zakavkazskaya Konferentsiya po Entomologii, Tezisy Dokladov [1 st Transcaucasian Conference of Entomology, Theses of Lectures.] Instituta Zoologii Akademii Nauk Armyanskoi SSR, Yerevan, Armenia, pp. 100 - 101. [In Russian.]", "Kachvoryan, E. A. (1988 c) Genetic divergence of natural populations of some species of bloodsucking blackflies of Armenia. In: Severtsov, A. S. (Ed.), Problemy Mikroevolutsii [Problems of Microevolution.] Izdatel'tsvo \" Nauka \", Moscow, Russia, p. 58. [In Russian.]", "Kachvoryan, E. A., Usova, Z. V. & Oganesyan, V. S. (1993) The genetic relations of two close species of blackflies of the genus Cnetha End. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh, II [Karyosystematics of Invertebrate Animals, II.] Zoologicheskii Institut, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 85 - 88. [In Russian with English summary.]", "Kachvoryan, E. A. & Galustyan, S. B. (1998) Nucleolar polymorphism as a mechanism of evolution of the karytotype of blackflies. In: Movsesyan, S. O. (Ed.), Respublikanskoi Nauchnoi Konferentsii po Zoologii, Tezisy Dokladov [Republican Scientific Conference on Zoology, Theses of Lectures.] Institut Zoologii, Natsional'naya Akademiya Nauk Armenii, Yerevan, Armenia, p. 65. [In Russian.]", "Knoz, J. & Chubareva, L. A. (1974) Chromosomal characteristics of eight species of Czechoslovakian blackflies. Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Purkynianae Brunensis (Biologia), (3) 4, 101 - 113. [In Russian with Czech summary.]", "Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]", "Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1991) Cytological and molecular studies of sibling species in the Simuliidae (Diptera). Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 192 pp.", "Chubareva, L. A. & Kachvoryan, E. A. (2000) Morphokaryological analysis of five species of blackflies of the genus Cnetha (Diptera: Simuliidae) with description of a new species from the Dzhrvezhsky Canyon of Armenia. Parazitologiya, 34, 470 - 476. [In Russian with English summary.]", "Ilmonen, J., Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. & Cywinska, A. (2009) The Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Europe: multiple character sets for assessing species status. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 847 - 863. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00500. x", "Zimring, R. (1953) A comparative study of the salivary gland chromosomes of five related black fly species. M. A. thesis. University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 32 pp. + 13 plates.", "Kunze, E. (1952) Untersuchungen uber die Paarungsaffinitat bei Riesenchromosomen. Chromosoma, 5, 501 - 510. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01271499", "Kunze, E. (1953) Artunterschiede im Bau der Riesenchromosomen in der Gattung Simulium Latr. Osterreichische zoologische Zeitschrift, 4, 23 - 32.", "Petrukhina, T. E. (1966) Chromosomal polymorphism in a population of the blackfly species Eusimulium latipes latipes (Diptera). Genetika, 12, 78 - 84. [In Russian with English summary.]", "Chubareva, L. A. & Petrukhina, T. E. (1970) The relationships of the blackfly Boophthora erythrocephala De Geer with some other genera of Simuliidae (Diptera). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 49, 541 - 544. [In Russian with English summary: English subtitle includes the words ' the family'; full English translation in Entomological Review, 49, 330 - 333 (1970).]", "Chubareva, L. A., Petrova, N. A. & Petrukhina, T. E. (1971) Structural peculiarities of the polytene chromosomes in the taxonomy of bloodsucking black flies. Tsitologiya, 13, 784 - 789. [In Russian with English summary: title of the latter omits the word for ' bloodsucking' present in the Russian title.]", "Chubareva, L. A. (1977 c) Karyotypical characters of blackflies of the genus Chelocnetha End. bloodsucking on birds. Tsitologiya, 19, 1042 - 1047. [In Russian with English summary.]", "Chubareva, L. A. (1979 a) Karyotypical characters of black-flies of the genus Eusimulium Roub. in relation to other genera of Eusimuliini Rubz. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. 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(1980 a) Karyotypical features and taxonomic position of the genus Eusimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae). Genetica, 52 / 53, 57 - 61.", "Burkiewicz, A. (1985) Eine Inversion als eine Markierung des Geschlechtschromosoms Y in zwei Populationen von Eusimulium cryophilum Rubz. (Diptera, Simuliidae) aus dem Nordgebiet von Polen. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Biological Sciences), 33, 89 - 92", "Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2004) Characteristic features of karyotypes in common species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 83, 1341 - 1352. [In Russian with English summary.]", "Kachvoryan, E. A. (1988 a) B-chromosomes in genofonde [gene pool] of populations of Cnetha djafarovi Rubz. (Diptera, Simuliidae). Biologichesky Zhurnal Armenii, 41, 454 - 458. [In Russian with Armenian and English summaries.]", "Kachvoryan, E. A. 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