Prosimulium hirtipes

• Main Authors: Adler, Peter H., Crosskey, Roger W.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2015
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Simuliidae; Prosimulium; Prosimulium hirtipes; Murmansk; Canada; New Zealand; Argentina; British Columbia; Tuva; Fries; Currie; Muñoz; Carlsson; Petrova; Esquivel; Fennoscandia; Alaska
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6093573; https://zenodo.org/record/6093573

HIRTIPES species-group Prosimulium approximatum Peterson Rothfels & Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CIII region, IIIS, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. mysticum ): Canada, USA Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram; as P. mysticum ): North America Prosimulium arvum Adler & Kim Rothfels & Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CII and CIII regions and base of IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; photo of CII region; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. approximatum ): Canada, USA Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram; as P. approximatum ): North America Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, idiogram, notes on geographic variation): North America Prosimulium clandestinum Adler, Currie & Wood Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram, original description of species, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard, whole-arm transposition): USA Prosimulium daviesi Peterson & DeFoliart Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram; as P. doveri from Utah and Colorado): USA Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, geographic variation, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA Prosimulium doveri Sommerman Basrur (1962, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI region, IS, and IIIL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. ‘E’): Canada Grinchuk (1967, idiogram, polytene chromosome relative lengths; as P. h i r t i pe s ‘E’): USA Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram; as P. doveri British Columbia segregate only plus P . ‘n. sp.’): Canada Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America Prosimulium esselbaughi Sommerman Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. hirtipes ‘ 2 ’): Canada, USA Grinchuk (1967, idiogram, polytene chromosome relative lengths; as P. h i r t i pe s ‘ 2 ’): USA Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, notes on possible sibling species): USA Prosimulium fontanum Syme & Davies Rothfels (1956, drawing of IIIS; as P. ‘ 16 ’): North America Basrur (1958, 1959, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of CI region, IS, IIS, and partial IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Canada Basrur (1962, IIIL sequence): North America Rothfels & Freeman (1977, idiogram, inversions in CI region mapped, notes on relation to ‘ P. m i xt um group’): North America Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram): USA Prosimulium formosum Shewell Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Canada Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, notes on revised inversion breakpoints): North America Prosimulium frohnei Sommerman Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA Carlsson (1966, characterization; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IL, IIS, and IIIS, and IIL polymorphisms): Canada, USA Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, notes on geographic variation): USA Prosimulum frontatum Terteryan Chubareva (1977 a, notes on general polytene features): Armenia Chubareva (1977 d, idiogram, notes on general polytene features): Armenia Chubareva (1978 b, description, idiogram): Armenia Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features): Armenia Chubareva, Petrova & Kachvoryan (1996, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): Armenia Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features): Armenia Chubareva & Petrova (2008 a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): Armenia Adler & Şirin (2014, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; inversions mapped; photos of IS, IL, and IIS; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Armenia Prosimulium fulvithorax Shewell Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. ‘species 1 ’): Canada Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, sex-chromosome polymorphisms): USA Prosimulium fulvum (Coquillett) Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photo of partial IIIL, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram, possible sibling species): Canada, USA Prosimulium fuscum Syme & Davies Rothfels (1956, characterization, drawing of IIIS, idiogram, photo of partial IIIL; as P. hirtipes ‘ 1 ’): [Canada] Basrur (1958, 1959, cytodendrogram, photo of IIIL): North America Basrur (1962, photo of IIIL): North America Rothfels & Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CIII region and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IIS, IIIS, polymorphisms, and hybrid complement with P. m i x t u m resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; sex-chromosome evolution): Canada, USA Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): North America Rothfels (1980, de novo intrachanges and interchanges): North America Rothfels (1981 b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, polymorphisms): North America Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram, photo of IIIS): USA Coscarón (1989, idiogram): [North America] Coscarón-Arias (1998, idiogram): [North America] Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America Prosimulium hirtipes (Fries) Basrur (1958, 1959, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of polymorphisms; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI region, IS, IIS, IIL, and partial IIIL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Britain (England, Scotland) Rothfels & Basrur (1960, chromosomal recognition of multiple species): Europe Grinchuk (1967, characterization; comparison with selected North American members of P. h i r t i pe s group; idiogram; photos of all chromosomes, metaphase and low-magnification polytene complements, and polymorphisms): Russia Chubareva & Petrova (1969, comparison with H. ferrugineus , idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, partial photos of chromosomes I and III): Russia Chubareva & Petrova (1975, comparison with Austrosimulium tillyardianum [as A. tillyardi ], idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths): [Russia] Chubareva (1977 a, description, idiogram, photos of metaphase and low-resolution polytene complements): Russia Chubareva (1977 b, idiogram): Russia Chubareva (1977 d, 1978 b, idiogram, notes on general polytene features): Russia Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, 2004, notes on general polytene features): Russia Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): Britain (England, Scotland) Chubareva & Petrova (2000 b, note on general polytene features): Russia Chubareva (2001 b, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): Russia Chubareva & Petrova (2008 a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia Adler & Şirin (2014, chromosomal phylogeny): Europe Prosimulium idemai Adler, Currie & Wood Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization and partial resolution relative to Prosimulium standard, original description of species): USA Prosimulium isos Rubtsov Chubareva (2001 b, parthenogenesis; photos of metaphase and low-magnification polytene complements; triploidy): Russia Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features): Russia Petrova & Chubareva (2006, notes on general polytene features; photos of metaphase and polytene complements; triploidy): Russia Chubareva & Petrova (2008 a, description; photos of metaphase and polytene complements; triploidy): Russia Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki Okada (1985, description, idiogram, low-magnification photos of polytene complement and interpretive drawings, polytene chromosome relative lengths): Japan Prosimulium latimucro (Enderlein) Basrur (1958, 1959, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of IIS, IIL, and polymorphisms; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI region and partial IL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. inflatum and P. inflatum ‘aff. 1 ’): Britain (Scotland), France Ralcheva & Dryanovska (1973, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths; as P. conistylum ): Bulgaria Ralcheva (1974, characterization, photos of polymorphisms and all arms; as P. conistylum ): Bulgaria Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): Europe Adler & Belqat (2001, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of CI region, IIS, and IIL; probable distinct species; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Morocco Adler & Şirin (2014, chromosomal phylogeny): Europe and Morocco Prosimulium luganicum Rubtsov Chubareva (1977 a, notes on general polytene features): Russia Chubareva (1977 d, 1978 b, idiogram, notes on general polytene features): Russia Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, 2004, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia Chubareva (1984, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): Russia Chubareva, Petrova & Kachvoryan (1996, description, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): Russia Chubareva & Petrova (1999, notes on general polytene features, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia Chubareva & Petrova (2008 a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia. NOTE: The polytene chromosomes in fig. 18 of Chubareva & Petrova (2008 a) appear to be those of P. hirtipes . Prosimulium minifulvum Adler, Currie & Wood Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA Prosimulium mixtum Syme & Davies Rothfels (1956, characterization; drawing of IIIS; idiogram; photos of partial II and IIIL; as P. hirtipes ‘ 2 ’): North America Basrur (1958, 1959, cytodendrogram, photos of all arms): North America Basrur (1962, photos of all arms): North America Ottonen (1964, drawing of IIIS Y 1 sequence): North America Rothfels & Freeman (1966, photo of CIII): [North America] Rothfels & Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CI, CII, and CIII regions, IIIS, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI, CII, and CIII regions, IIS, partial IIIL, and hybrid complement with P. fuscum resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; sex chromosomes): Canada, USA Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): North America Rothfels (1980, de novo interarm intrachange): North America Rothfels (1981 b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram): North America Rothfels & Freeman (1983, comparison with P. transbrachium , photos of CI region and partial chromosome II): USA Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram, photo of IIIS): USA Coscarón (1989, idiogram): [North America] Coscarón-Arias (1998, idiogram): [North America] Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America Pinto-Sánchez, Miranda-Esquivel & Muñoz de Hoyos (2005, idiogram): [North America] Sharp & Hunter (2008, chiasmate meiosis in mermithid-infected male larvae; as P. fuscum / mixtum ): Canada Prosimulium petrosum Rubtsov Ralcheva & Dryanovska (1973, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths): Bulgaria Ralcheva (1974, characterization, photos of all arms): Bulgaria Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Bulgaria Prosimulium rachiliense Djafarov Chubareva (1977 a, notes on general polytene features; as P. pronevitshe [ sic ]): Armenia Chubareva (1977 d, 1978 b, idiogram, notes on general polytene features; as P. pronevitshe [ sic ]): Armenia Chubareva & Petrova (1979, notes on general polytene features; as P. pronevitshe [ sic ]): Armenia Chubareva, Petrova & Kachvoryan (1996, description, photo of polytene complement; as P. pronevitshae [ sic ]): Armenia Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features; as P. pronevitschae ): Armenia Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features; as P. pronevitshae [ sic ]): Armenia Chubareva & Petrova (2008 a, description, photo of polytene complement; as P. pronevitshae [ sic ]): Armenia Adler & Şirin (2014, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; inversions mapped; new cytoforms recognized [‘A’ and ‘B’]; notes on phylogenetic relationships; photos of IS, partial IL, partial IIIS, and IIIL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Armenia, Turkey Prosimulium rhizophorum Stone & Jamnback Rothfels & Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CIII region and IIIS; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): USA Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, idiogram): USA Prosimulium rufipes (Meigen) (complex) Basrur (1958, 1959, characterization; cytodendrogram; partial drawings of IS, IL, and IIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. inflatum ‘aff. 2 ’): France Ralcheva & Dryanovska (1973, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths): Bulgaria Ralcheva (1974, characterization; photos of all arms; sex chromosomes): Bulgaria Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): Europe Adler & Belqat (2001, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of CI region, IIS, and IIIL; probable new species; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Morocco Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Bulgaria Adler & Şirin (2014, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, selected inversion mapped, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Germany, Switzerland Prosimulium rusticum Adler, Currie & Wood Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA Prosimulium saltus Stone & Jamnback Rothfels & Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CIII, IIIS, and base of IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; photo of CII; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): USA Prosimulium secretum Adler, Currie & Wood Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, original description of species, possible sibling species, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA Prosimulium shewelli Peterson & DeFoliart Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram; as P. woodorum ): Canada Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, geographic variation or possible sibling species, partial resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Canada, USA Prosimulium tomosvaryi (Enderlein) Basrur (1958, 1959, characterization; cytodendrogram, drawings of polymorphisms and partial IIIS; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CII region and partial IIL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. hirtipes arvernense and P. vigintiquaterni ): Czech Republic, France Ralcheva & Dryanovska (1973, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths; as P. nigripes ): Bulgaria Ralcheva (1974, characterization; photos of polymorphisms and all arms; sex chromosomes; as P. nigripes ): Bulgaria Post (1979, characterization; cytodendrogram; inversions mapped; male chiasmate meiosis; photos of male meiosis, mitotic metaphase, and all polytene arms; possible sibling species): Britain (England) Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram; as P. vigintiquaterni ): Europe Adler & Belqat (2001, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of IL partial, IIS, IIL, and IIIL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Morocco Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Bulgaria Adler & Şirin (2014, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; inversions mapped; notes on phylogenetic relationships photos of IS, IL, IIS, IIL, and IIIS; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Armenia, Germany, Turkey Prosimulium transbrachium Adler & Kim Rothfels in Adler (1983, comparison with P. m i x t um , whole-arm interchange; as P. ‘sp. X’): USA Rothfels & Freeman (1983, characterization, evolution of species, photos of whole-arm interchange [IS + IIL, IL + IIS], resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as undescribed species): USA Adler & Kim (1985, characterization, formal name for Adler’s 1983 P . sp. ‘X’, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard, whole-arm interchange): USA Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram): USA Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram): USA Prosimulium travisi Stone Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of IS and IIIL, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, possible sibling species): USA Prosimulium inflatum ‘aff. 3 ’ Basrur Kunze (1953, low-magnification photos of polytene complement and partial chromosome I, notes on general polytene features; as : Published as part of Adler, Peter H. & Crosskey, Roger W., 2015, Cytotaxonomy of the Simuliidae (Diptera): a systematic and bibliographic conspectus, pp. 1-139 in Zootaxa 3975 (1) on pages 14-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3975.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/192364 : {"references": ["Rothfels, K. H. & Freeman, D. M. (1977) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the mixtum (IIIL- 1) group. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55, 482 - 507. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 77 - 065", "Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451", "Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83.", "Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. & Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates.", "Basrur, P. K. (1962) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Alaska and British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 1019 - 1033. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 089", "Grinchuk, T. M. (1967) A study of polymorphism in the polytene chromosomes of the blackfly species Prosimulium hirtipes (Simuliidae, Diptera), indigenous to the Leningrad Region. Genetika, 1, 165 - 172. [In Russian with English summary: title of latter includes the word ' Adirondack' not present in the Russian title.]", "Rothfels, K. H. (1956) Black flies: siblings, sex, and species grouping. Journal of Heredity, 47, 113 - 122.", "Basrur, P. K. (1958) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with transformed centromere. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 73 pp.", "Adler, P. H. & Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88.", "Carlsson, G. (1966) Cytology of the black fly Prosimulium frohnei Sommerman. Hereditas, 55, 73 - 78. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1601 - 5223.1966. tb 02037. x", "Chubareva, L. A. (1977 a) Karyotypical characters of the subfamilies Gymnopaidinae Rubz. and Prosimuliinae End. (Simuliidae) and their taxonomic value. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Sistematika i Evolyutsiya Dvukrylykh Nasekomye [Systematics and Evolution of Dipterous Insects.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 105 - 111. [In Russian with English title only: latter excludes word ' subfamilies' present in Russian title.]", "Chubareva, L. A. (1977 d) Characteristics of karyotypical features of plesiomorphic species of blackflies and probable pathways in the evolution of karyotypes in the family Simuliidae. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 56, 1492 - 1502. [In Russian with English summary.]", "Chubareva, L. A. (1978 b) Karyotypical peculiarities in the genus Prosimulium Roub. (Simuliidae) and problems in the systematics. Parazitologiya, 12, 37 - 43. [In Russian with English summary.]", "Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]", "Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]", "Adler, P. H. & Sirin, U. (2014) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Western Asia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 171, 753 - 768. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12150", "Rothfels, K. H. (1980) Chromosomal variability and speciation in blackflies. In: Blackman, R. L., Hewitt, G. M. & Ashburner, M. (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 10, pp. 207 - 224.", "Coscaron, C. L. (1989) Estudios citotaxonomicos y bioecologicos de Simuliidae (Diptera, Insecta) de Argentina. Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina, 293 pp.", "Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (1998) The polytene chromosomes of Cnesia dissimilis (Edwards) and three species of Gigantodax Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Lanin National Park (Argentina). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 93, 445 - 458. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761998000400006", "Rothfels, K. H. & Basrur, P. K. (1960) The interrelations of Prosimulium hirtipes (Fries) and allied European and North American species (Diptera: Simuliidae) - A salivary gland chromosome study. Verhandlungen 11 th Internationaler Kongress fur Entomologie. Wien [Vienna,] Austria, 1 (3), 435.", "Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (1969) Karyological peculiarities of the blackfly Helodon ferrugineus Wahlb. in relation to some questions of systematics. Tsitologiya, 11, 234 - 241. [In Russian with English summary.]", "Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (1975) A karyotypic study of the plesiomorphic species Austrosimulium tillyardi from New Zealand and its genetic relations with some other genera of Simuliidae. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 54, 552 - 558. [In Russian with English summary: title of the latter includes the words ' the family'.]", "Chubareva, L. A. (1977 b) Karyotypical features and phylogenetic connections of the relict species of blackflies in the subfamily Gymnopaidinae (Simuliidae, Diptera). Tsitologiya, 19, 198 - 209. [In Russian with English summary.]", "Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2000 b) Karyotypes of 17 species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the Murmansk region. In: Sokhranenie Biologicheskogo Raznoobraziya Fennoskandii [Conservation of Biological Diversity of Fennoscandia.] Mezhdunarodnaya Konferentsiya, 30 Marta - 2 Aprelya 2000 g. [International Conference, 30 March - 2 April 2000], Tezisy Dokladov [Abstracts]. Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Petrozavodsk, Russia, p. 104. [In Russian.]", "Chubareva, L. A. (2001 b) Triploidy in populations of three species of blackflies of the genus Prosimulium Roubaud (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the Kol'sky Peninsula, Krasnoyarsk Region, Tuva and the Pamir. Tsitologiya, 43, 992 - 1000. [In Russian with English summary.]", "Okada, K. (1985). On gross complement characteristics in idiograms of the salivary gland chromosomes of a prosimuliid black fly, Prosimulium kiotoense (Diptera; Simuliidae). Juntendo University Bulletin of Letters and Science, 28, 47 - 51. [In Japanese with English title and summary.]", "Ralcheva, N. M. & Dryanovska, O. A. (1973) Comparative karyological analysis of four species of the genus Prosimulium Roub. (Simuliidae). Doklady Bolgarskoi Akademii Nauk (Comptes Rendus de l'Academie Bulgare des Sciences), 26, 1085 - 1088. [In Russian.]", "Adler, P. H. & Belqat, B. (2001) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium hirtipes species group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Morocco. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 32, 411 - 418. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631201 X 00281", "Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (1999) Peculiarities of the karyotype and the rank of the supraspecific taxa of Palaearctic blackflies of the subfamily Prosimuliinae Enderlein (Diptera, Simuliidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 78, 189 - 195. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 79, 50 - 57 (1999).]", "Ottonen, P. O. (1964) The salivary gland chromosomes of six species in the IIIS- 1 group of Prosimulium (Diptera) Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 87 pp. + 9 plates.", "Rothfels, K. [H.] & Freeman, [D.] M. (1966) The salivary gland chromosomes of three North American species of Twinnia (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 44, 937 - 945. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 66 - 095", "Pinto-Sanchez, N. R., Miranda-Esquivel, D. R. & Munoz de Hoyos, P. (2005) Phylogenetic analysis of Gigantodax (Diptera: Simuliidae). Insect Systematics and Evolution, 36, 219 - 240. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631205788838465", "Sharp, A. L. & Hunter, F. F. (2008) Chiasmate meiosis in male black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae associated with mermithid infections (Nematoda: Mermithidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 86, 1198 - 1202. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / Z 08 - 105", "Post, R. J. (1979) A cytological study of certain British blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Doctoral thesis, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom, 261 pp.", "Adler, P. H. (1983) Ecosystematics of the Simulium vittatum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) and associated black flies. Doctoral thesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA, 308 pp.", "Adler, P. H. & Kim, K. C. (1985) Taxonomy of black fly sibling species: two new species in the Prosimulium mixtum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78, 41 - 49. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 78.1.41", "Kunze, E. (1953) Artunterschiede im Bau der Riesenchromosomen in der Gattung Simulium Latr. Osterreichische zoologische Zeitschrift, 4, 23 - 32."]}