Spongosorites beringensis Lehnert & Stone 2017, n. sp.
Spongosorites beringensis n. sp. (Fig. 4; Table 2) Material examined. Holotype . ZSM 20170014, whole specimen in ethanol, collected by Jerry Hoff with a research survey bottom trawl from the FV Cape Flattery 19 July 2016, 959 m depth, 50 km SSE of Cascade Point (St. George Island, Pribilof Islands),...
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Zenodo
2017
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Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6049676 https://zenodo.org/record/6049676 |
id |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6049676 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Halichondrida Halichondriidae Spongosorites Spongosorites beringensis |
spellingShingle |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Halichondrida Halichondriidae Spongosorites Spongosorites beringensis Lehnert, Helmut Stone, Robert P. Spongosorites beringensis Lehnert & Stone 2017, n. sp. |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Halichondrida Halichondriidae Spongosorites Spongosorites beringensis |
description |
Spongosorites beringensis n. sp. (Fig. 4; Table 2) Material examined. Holotype . ZSM 20170014, whole specimen in ethanol, collected by Jerry Hoff with a research survey bottom trawl from the FV Cape Flattery 19 July 2016, 959 m depth, 50 km SSE of Cascade Point (St. George Island, Pribilof Islands), Pribilof Canyon, eastern Bering Sea (56°07.368´N, 169°15.768´W). Bottom water temperature = 2.9 °C. Description. Spongosorites beringensis is a massively encrusting sponge. The broader side of the sponge (Fig. 4A) has an almost circular outline, 4.7 cm in diameter in one plane but is more flattened, only 2 cm in diameter, when observed from the side. It has a smooth surface which is irregularly folded with rounded, elongated elevations and narrow depressions in between, somewhat resembling the surface of a brain. The colour is light brown to beige in ethanol, and the consistency is firm, only slightly compressible before breaking. There are no oscules visible. The sponge has a smooth surface. The ectosome contains oxeas of all sizes arranged tangentially but, without order within the relatively thick tangential layer. In sections perpendicular to the surface this ectosomal layer is easily recognizable by the unaided eye and differs from the choanosome by a somewhat lighter colour. The thickness of this ectosomal layer varies between 0.25–2.0 mm. The choanosome also contains oxeas of all sizes arranged in tracts and in confusion between the tracts, as usual for the family. Single choanosomal spicule tracts run into the ectosomal layer and attach choanosome and ectosome. Megascleres. Small oxeas, 125–272 x 4–8 µm (Figs. 4B & C), large oxeas, 460– 1690 x 10–25 µm (Fig. 4C). There are occasional styles in both spicule categories. Discussion. The ectosomal tangential arrangement of oxeas, the presence of oxeas in a wide size range and the otherwise confused arrangement of spicules leave no doubt of the assignment to Halichondriidae within the Suberitida. We ruled out assignment to Halichondria because there is always some choanosome attached to removed fragments of ectosome and because we have additional styles to the occurring oxeas. The smooth surface, a firm but compresssible sponge with choanosomal spicule tracts and an ectosomal skeleton which is not easily detachable, comes off in flakes with a part of the choanosome attached, as described by Erpenbeck & Van Soest (2002, p. 790) indicate the genus Spongosorites , though no aerophobic reaction was documented, as reported for other members of the genus (see Erpenbeck & Van Soest, 2002). The genus Spongosorites contains 22 valid species (Van Soest et al. 2017), with no records from the North Pacific Ocean. Here we compare S. beringensis n.sp. to the six species from the North Atlantic Ocean. Differences in spicule characteristics are provided in Table 2. We did not compare S. beringensis n.sp. to the Caribbean or Mediterranean Spongosorites for biogeographical reasons. The discovery of a member of the genus Spongosorites , not represented so far in the North Pacific Ocean, turns out to be a new species, as could be expected for zoogeographic reasons. The species differs from all North Atlantic species in possessing the largest choanosomal oxeas reported. Spongosorites beringensis n.sp. further differs from these species presented in Table 2 in the following characteristics: S . annandalei (Ferrer-Hernandez, 1923) (European Atlantic), longer ectosomal oxeas and shorter and thinner choanosomal oxeas. S . calcicola Picton & Goodwin, 2007 (European Atlantic), a massive, lemon-yellow sponge that has only one category of oxeas which are smaller. S . coralliophaga (Stephens, 1915) (North Atlantic), only one size category of oxeas which are smaller. S . dendyi (Topsent, 1927) (Cape Verde, Atlantic), only one size category of oxeas which are smaller; oxeas are described as biangulate and sometimes centrotylote. S . difficilis (Lundbeck, 1902) (North Atlantic), only one size category of oxeas which are smaller and possess centrotylote microrhabds. S . placenta Topsent, 1896 (North Atlantic), two categories of oxeas but both are considerably smaller. Species Spicules annandalei (Ferrer-Hernandez, 1923) oxeas, styles and strongylote modifications: small (320–400 x 5) and large (400–800 x 12) calcicola Picton & Goodwin, 2007 oxeas: 50–410 x 4–10 coralliophaga (Stephens, 1915) oxeas: 80–550 x 2.5–11 dendyi (Topsent, 1927) oxeas: to 500 x 16–21, „biangulated“, some centrotylote difficilis (Lundbeck, 1902) oxeas: 60–370 x 4–8; centrotylote microrhabds: 45–145 x 2–7 placenta Topsent, 1896 small oxeas: 70 x 5, large oxeas: 300–360 x 6 beringensis n. sp. small oxeas: 129–218 x 4–8, large oxeas: 460– 1690 x 10–25, occasional styles in both categories Etymology . Named after the Bering Sea where the holotype was collected. : Published as part of Lehnert, Helmut & Stone, Robert P., 2017, Two new species of Suberitida (Porifera, Heteroscleromorpha) from the Bering Sea in Zootaxa 4338 (3) , DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4338.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1037068 : {"references": ["Erpenbeck, D. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002) Family Halichondriidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 787 - 815. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 84", "Soest, R. W. M ,, Van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K, de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Cristina Diaz, M. & Cardenas, P. (2017) World Porifera database. Avaliable from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (Accessed 29 Jan. 2016)", "Picton, B. E. & Goodwin, C. E. (2007) Sponge biodiversity of Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87 (6), 1441 - 1458. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315407058122", "Stephens, J. (1915) Sponges of the coasts of Ireland. I. - The Triaxonia and part of the Tetraxonida. Fisheries, Ireland Scientific Investigations, 1914 (4), 1 - 43, pls. I - V.", "Topsent, E. (1927) Diagnoses d'Eponges nouvelles recueillies par le Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique Monaco, 502, 1 - 19.", "Lundbeck, W. (1902) Porifera. (Part I.) Homorrhaphidae and Heterorrhaphidae. In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. 6 (1). Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, pp. 1 - 108, pls. I - XIX, 1 map.", "Topsent, E. (1896) Materiaux pour servir a l'etude de la faune des spongiaires de France. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France, 9, 113 - 133."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Lehnert, Helmut Stone, Robert P. |
author_facet |
Lehnert, Helmut Stone, Robert P. |
author_sort |
Lehnert, Helmut |
title |
Spongosorites beringensis Lehnert & Stone 2017, n. sp. |
title_short |
Spongosorites beringensis Lehnert & Stone 2017, n. sp. |
title_full |
Spongosorites beringensis Lehnert & Stone 2017, n. sp. |
title_fullStr |
Spongosorites beringensis Lehnert & Stone 2017, n. sp. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spongosorites beringensis Lehnert & Stone 2017, n. sp. |
title_sort |
spongosorites beringensis lehnert & stone 2017, n. sp. |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6049676 https://zenodo.org/record/6049676 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-64.483,-64.483,-65.633,-65.633) ENVELOPE(-60.667,-60.667,-63.783,-63.783) ENVELOPE(-62.167,-62.167,-74.500,-74.500) ENVELOPE(-62.833,-62.833,-65.100,-65.100) ENVELOPE(-63.883,-63.883,-64.700,-64.700) ENVELOPE(-170.000,-170.000,55.583,55.583) |
geographic |
Bering Sea Pacific Alvarez Diaz Hernandez Goodwin Ferrer Pribilof Canyon |
geographic_facet |
Bering Sea Pacific Alvarez Diaz Hernandez Goodwin Ferrer Pribilof Canyon |
genre |
Bering Sea North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Bering Sea North Atlantic |
op_relation |
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Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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op_doi |
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6049676 2023-05-15T15:44:00+02:00 Spongosorites beringensis Lehnert & Stone 2017, n. sp. Lehnert, Helmut Stone, Robert P. 2017 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6049676 https://zenodo.org/record/6049676 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/1037068 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFB6987F8C5FFFA3FFADFFD8D8469601 http://zoobank.org/1C3942A9-BAD8-425A-BA1F-65579D4D3D8D https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4338.3.9 http://zenodo.org/record/1037068 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFB6987F8C5FFFA3FFADFFD8D8469601 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1037076 http://zoobank.org/1C3942A9-BAD8-425A-BA1F-65579D4D3D8D https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6049677 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC0 Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Halichondrida Halichondriidae Spongosorites Spongosorites beringensis article-journal ScholarlyArticle Taxonomic treatment Text 2017 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6049676 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4338.3.9 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1037076 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6049677 2022-04-01T09:57:43Z Spongosorites beringensis n. sp. (Fig. 4; Table 2) Material examined. Holotype . ZSM 20170014, whole specimen in ethanol, collected by Jerry Hoff with a research survey bottom trawl from the FV Cape Flattery 19 July 2016, 959 m depth, 50 km SSE of Cascade Point (St. George Island, Pribilof Islands), Pribilof Canyon, eastern Bering Sea (56°07.368´N, 169°15.768´W). Bottom water temperature = 2.9 °C. Description. Spongosorites beringensis is a massively encrusting sponge. The broader side of the sponge (Fig. 4A) has an almost circular outline, 4.7 cm in diameter in one plane but is more flattened, only 2 cm in diameter, when observed from the side. It has a smooth surface which is irregularly folded with rounded, elongated elevations and narrow depressions in between, somewhat resembling the surface of a brain. The colour is light brown to beige in ethanol, and the consistency is firm, only slightly compressible before breaking. There are no oscules visible. The sponge has a smooth surface. The ectosome contains oxeas of all sizes arranged tangentially but, without order within the relatively thick tangential layer. In sections perpendicular to the surface this ectosomal layer is easily recognizable by the unaided eye and differs from the choanosome by a somewhat lighter colour. The thickness of this ectosomal layer varies between 0.25–2.0 mm. The choanosome also contains oxeas of all sizes arranged in tracts and in confusion between the tracts, as usual for the family. Single choanosomal spicule tracts run into the ectosomal layer and attach choanosome and ectosome. Megascleres. Small oxeas, 125–272 x 4–8 µm (Figs. 4B & C), large oxeas, 460– 1690 x 10–25 µm (Fig. 4C). There are occasional styles in both spicule categories. Discussion. The ectosomal tangential arrangement of oxeas, the presence of oxeas in a wide size range and the otherwise confused arrangement of spicules leave no doubt of the assignment to Halichondriidae within the Suberitida. We ruled out assignment to Halichondria because there is always some choanosome attached to removed fragments of ectosome and because we have additional styles to the occurring oxeas. The smooth surface, a firm but compresssible sponge with choanosomal spicule tracts and an ectosomal skeleton which is not easily detachable, comes off in flakes with a part of the choanosome attached, as described by Erpenbeck & Van Soest (2002, p. 790) indicate the genus Spongosorites , though no aerophobic reaction was documented, as reported for other members of the genus (see Erpenbeck & Van Soest, 2002). The genus Spongosorites contains 22 valid species (Van Soest et al. 2017), with no records from the North Pacific Ocean. Here we compare S. beringensis n.sp. to the six species from the North Atlantic Ocean. Differences in spicule characteristics are provided in Table 2. We did not compare S. beringensis n.sp. to the Caribbean or Mediterranean Spongosorites for biogeographical reasons. The discovery of a member of the genus Spongosorites , not represented so far in the North Pacific Ocean, turns out to be a new species, as could be expected for zoogeographic reasons. The species differs from all North Atlantic species in possessing the largest choanosomal oxeas reported. Spongosorites beringensis n.sp. further differs from these species presented in Table 2 in the following characteristics: S . annandalei (Ferrer-Hernandez, 1923) (European Atlantic), longer ectosomal oxeas and shorter and thinner choanosomal oxeas. S . calcicola Picton & Goodwin, 2007 (European Atlantic), a massive, lemon-yellow sponge that has only one category of oxeas which are smaller. S . coralliophaga (Stephens, 1915) (North Atlantic), only one size category of oxeas which are smaller. S . dendyi (Topsent, 1927) (Cape Verde, Atlantic), only one size category of oxeas which are smaller; oxeas are described as biangulate and sometimes centrotylote. S . difficilis (Lundbeck, 1902) (North Atlantic), only one size category of oxeas which are smaller and possess centrotylote microrhabds. S . placenta Topsent, 1896 (North Atlantic), two categories of oxeas but both are considerably smaller. Species Spicules annandalei (Ferrer-Hernandez, 1923) oxeas, styles and strongylote modifications: small (320–400 x 5) and large (400–800 x 12) calcicola Picton & Goodwin, 2007 oxeas: 50–410 x 4–10 coralliophaga (Stephens, 1915) oxeas: 80–550 x 2.5–11 dendyi (Topsent, 1927) oxeas: to 500 x 16–21, „biangulated“, some centrotylote difficilis (Lundbeck, 1902) oxeas: 60–370 x 4–8; centrotylote microrhabds: 45–145 x 2–7 placenta Topsent, 1896 small oxeas: 70 x 5, large oxeas: 300–360 x 6 beringensis n. sp. small oxeas: 129–218 x 4–8, large oxeas: 460– 1690 x 10–25, occasional styles in both categories Etymology . Named after the Bering Sea where the holotype was collected. : Published as part of Lehnert, Helmut & Stone, Robert P., 2017, Two new species of Suberitida (Porifera, Heteroscleromorpha) from the Bering Sea in Zootaxa 4338 (3) , DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4338.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1037068 : {"references": ["Erpenbeck, D. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002) Family Halichondriidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 787 - 815. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 84", "Soest, R. W. M ,, Van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K, de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Cristina Diaz, M. & Cardenas, P. (2017) World Porifera database. Avaliable from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (Accessed 29 Jan. 2016)", "Picton, B. E. & Goodwin, C. E. (2007) Sponge biodiversity of Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87 (6), 1441 - 1458. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315407058122", "Stephens, J. (1915) Sponges of the coasts of Ireland. I. - The Triaxonia and part of the Tetraxonida. Fisheries, Ireland Scientific Investigations, 1914 (4), 1 - 43, pls. I - V.", "Topsent, E. (1927) Diagnoses d'Eponges nouvelles recueillies par le Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique Monaco, 502, 1 - 19.", "Lundbeck, W. (1902) Porifera. (Part I.) Homorrhaphidae and Heterorrhaphidae. In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. 6 (1). Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, pp. 1 - 108, pls. I - XIX, 1 map.", "Topsent, E. (1896) Materiaux pour servir a l'etude de la faune des spongiaires de France. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France, 9, 113 - 133."]} Text Bering Sea North Atlantic DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Bering Sea Pacific Alvarez ENVELOPE(-64.483,-64.483,-65.633,-65.633) Diaz ENVELOPE(-60.667,-60.667,-63.783,-63.783) Hernandez ENVELOPE(-62.167,-62.167,-74.500,-74.500) Goodwin ENVELOPE(-62.833,-62.833,-65.100,-65.100) Ferrer ENVELOPE(-63.883,-63.883,-64.700,-64.700) Pribilof Canyon ENVELOPE(-170.000,-170.000,55.583,55.583) |