Microclimate temperature variations from boreal forests to the tundra
Microclimate varies greatly over short horizontal and vertical distances, and timescales. This multi-level heterogeneity influences terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem functions by determining the ambient environment where organisms live in. Fine-scale heterogeneity in microclimate temperatures i...
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6046355 2023-05-15T15:19:25+02:00 Microclimate temperature variations from boreal forests to the tundra Aalto, Juha Tyystjärvi, Vilna Niittynen, Pekka Kemppinen, Julia Rissanen, Tuuli Gregow, Hilppa Luoto, Miska 2022 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6046355 https://zenodo.org/record/6046355 unknown Zenodo https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6046356 Open Access Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY surface temperature soil temperature air temperature wetlands thermal heterogeneity CreativeWork article Preprint 2022 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6046355 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6046356 2022-03-10T11:47:46Z Microclimate varies greatly over short horizontal and vertical distances, and timescales. This multi-level heterogeneity influences terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem functions by determining the ambient environment where organisms live in. Fine-scale heterogeneity in microclimate temperatures is driven by local topography, land and water cover, snow, and soil characteristics. However, their relative influence over boreal and tundra biomes and in different seasons, has not been comprehensively quantified. Here, we aim to 1) quantify temperature variations measured at three heights: soil (-6 cm), near-surface (15 cm) and air (150 cm), and 2) determine the relative influence of the environmental variables in driving thermal variability. We measured temperature at 446 sites within seven focus areas covering large macroclimatic, topographic, and ecosystem gradients (tundra, mires, forests) of northern Europe. Our data, consisting of over 60 million temperature readings during the study period of 2019/11-2020/10, reveal substantial thermal variability within and across the focus areas. Near-surface temperatures in the tundra showed the greatest instantaneous differences within a given focus area (32.3°C) while the corresponding differences for soil temperatures ranged from 10.0°C (middle boreal forest) to 27.1°C (tundra). Instantaneous differences in wintertime air temperatures were the largest in the tundra (up to 25.6°C, median 4.2°C), while in summer the differences were largest in the southern boreal forest (13.1°C, median 4.8°C). Statistical analyses indicate that monthly-aggregated temperature variations in boreal forests are closely linked to water bodies, wetlands, and canopy cover, whereas in the tundra, variation was linked to elevation, topographic solar radiation, and snow cover. The results provide new understanding on the magnitude of microclimate temperature variability and its seasonal drivers and will help to project local impacts of climate change on boreal forest and tundra ecosystems. : JA and HG acknowledges Academy of Finland Flagship funding (grant no. 337552), and JA and VT acknowledge the funding by the Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki (project MICROCLIM, grant no. 7510145). JK was funded by the Arctic Interactions at the University of Oulu and Academy of Finland (grant no. 318930, Profi 4). TR was funded by the Doctoral programme in Geosciences at the University of Helsinki. PN was funded by the Nessling Foundation and the Kone foundation. We want to thank all field work assistants and the staff of Värriö, Hyytiälä and Kilpisjärvi research stations. We acknowledge funding from Nordenskiöld samfundet, Tiina and Antti Herlin foundation, Oskar Öflunds stiftelse, and Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki ry. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change Kilpisjärvi Tundra DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Arctic Kilpisjärvi ENVELOPE(20.767,20.767,69.034,69.034) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
unknown |
topic |
surface temperature soil temperature air temperature wetlands thermal heterogeneity |
spellingShingle |
surface temperature soil temperature air temperature wetlands thermal heterogeneity Aalto, Juha Tyystjärvi, Vilna Niittynen, Pekka Kemppinen, Julia Rissanen, Tuuli Gregow, Hilppa Luoto, Miska Microclimate temperature variations from boreal forests to the tundra |
topic_facet |
surface temperature soil temperature air temperature wetlands thermal heterogeneity |
description |
Microclimate varies greatly over short horizontal and vertical distances, and timescales. This multi-level heterogeneity influences terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem functions by determining the ambient environment where organisms live in. Fine-scale heterogeneity in microclimate temperatures is driven by local topography, land and water cover, snow, and soil characteristics. However, their relative influence over boreal and tundra biomes and in different seasons, has not been comprehensively quantified. Here, we aim to 1) quantify temperature variations measured at three heights: soil (-6 cm), near-surface (15 cm) and air (150 cm), and 2) determine the relative influence of the environmental variables in driving thermal variability. We measured temperature at 446 sites within seven focus areas covering large macroclimatic, topographic, and ecosystem gradients (tundra, mires, forests) of northern Europe. Our data, consisting of over 60 million temperature readings during the study period of 2019/11-2020/10, reveal substantial thermal variability within and across the focus areas. Near-surface temperatures in the tundra showed the greatest instantaneous differences within a given focus area (32.3°C) while the corresponding differences for soil temperatures ranged from 10.0°C (middle boreal forest) to 27.1°C (tundra). Instantaneous differences in wintertime air temperatures were the largest in the tundra (up to 25.6°C, median 4.2°C), while in summer the differences were largest in the southern boreal forest (13.1°C, median 4.8°C). Statistical analyses indicate that monthly-aggregated temperature variations in boreal forests are closely linked to water bodies, wetlands, and canopy cover, whereas in the tundra, variation was linked to elevation, topographic solar radiation, and snow cover. The results provide new understanding on the magnitude of microclimate temperature variability and its seasonal drivers and will help to project local impacts of climate change on boreal forest and tundra ecosystems. : JA and HG acknowledges Academy of Finland Flagship funding (grant no. 337552), and JA and VT acknowledge the funding by the Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki (project MICROCLIM, grant no. 7510145). JK was funded by the Arctic Interactions at the University of Oulu and Academy of Finland (grant no. 318930, Profi 4). TR was funded by the Doctoral programme in Geosciences at the University of Helsinki. PN was funded by the Nessling Foundation and the Kone foundation. We want to thank all field work assistants and the staff of Värriö, Hyytiälä and Kilpisjärvi research stations. We acknowledge funding from Nordenskiöld samfundet, Tiina and Antti Herlin foundation, Oskar Öflunds stiftelse, and Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki ry. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Aalto, Juha Tyystjärvi, Vilna Niittynen, Pekka Kemppinen, Julia Rissanen, Tuuli Gregow, Hilppa Luoto, Miska |
author_facet |
Aalto, Juha Tyystjärvi, Vilna Niittynen, Pekka Kemppinen, Julia Rissanen, Tuuli Gregow, Hilppa Luoto, Miska |
author_sort |
Aalto, Juha |
title |
Microclimate temperature variations from boreal forests to the tundra |
title_short |
Microclimate temperature variations from boreal forests to the tundra |
title_full |
Microclimate temperature variations from boreal forests to the tundra |
title_fullStr |
Microclimate temperature variations from boreal forests to the tundra |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microclimate temperature variations from boreal forests to the tundra |
title_sort |
microclimate temperature variations from boreal forests to the tundra |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6046355 https://zenodo.org/record/6046355 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(20.767,20.767,69.034,69.034) |
geographic |
Arctic Kilpisjärvi |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Kilpisjärvi |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Kilpisjärvi Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Kilpisjärvi Tundra |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6046356 |
op_rights |
Open Access Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6046355 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6046356 |
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1766349596484698112 |