Steginoporella neozelanica Busk 1861
Steginoporella neozelanica (Busk, 1861) (Figs 1A, 2, 6–9, 28) Vincularia neozelanica Busk, 1861: 155, pl. 34, fig. 5; Hutton 1880: 189. Steganoporella neozelanica : Hincks 1882: 119; Hincks 1893: 175; Waters 1888: 14, pl. 2, fig. 32; Hutton 1891: 104; Harmer 1900: 259, pl. 12, fig. 4, pl. 13, fig. 2...
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Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6042309 https://zenodo.org/record/6042309 |
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6042309 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
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language |
unknown |
topic |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Bryozoa Gymnolaemata Cheilostomata Steginoporellidae Steginoporella Steginoporella neozelanica |
spellingShingle |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Bryozoa Gymnolaemata Cheilostomata Steginoporellidae Steginoporella Steginoporella neozelanica Gordon, Dennis P. Voje, Kjetil L. Taylor, Paul D. Steginoporella neozelanica Busk 1861 |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Bryozoa Gymnolaemata Cheilostomata Steginoporellidae Steginoporella Steginoporella neozelanica |
description |
Steginoporella neozelanica (Busk, 1861) (Figs 1A, 2, 6–9, 28) Vincularia neozelanica Busk, 1861: 155, pl. 34, fig. 5; Hutton 1880: 189. Steganoporella neozelanica : Hincks 1882: 119; Hincks 1893: 175; Waters 1888: 14, pl. 2, fig. 32; Hutton 1891: 104; Harmer 1900: 259, pl. 12, fig. 4, pl. 13, fig. 25; Hutton 1904: 296; Levinsen 1909: 168, pl. 5, fig. 3a–d. Steganoporella neo-zealandica : Hamilton 1898: 195, 198. Steganoporella neozelanica f. typica Livingstone, 1929: 65, text-fig 2a, pl. 1, fig. 10. Steginoporella neozelanica : Pouyet & David 1979a: 571, fig. 4; Pouyet & David 1979b: 788, pl. 1, fig. 4; Gordon 1984: 56, pl. 17B; Gordon et al . 2009: 290. Material examined. Syntype: NHMUK 99.7.1.1530, Busk Collection, ‘New Zealand’. Other: NHMUK: 98.6.5.2, Napier. NIWA 73096, Stn TAN1105/27; NIWA 75121, Stn TAN1108/179; NIWA 75193, Stn TAN1108/197; NIWA 75364, Stn TAN1108/213; NIWA 75401, Stn TAN1108/217; NIWA 75479, Stn TAN1108/233; NIWA 75496, Stn TAN1108/239; NIWA 101415, Stn Z15924; NIWA 107197, Stn E268; NIWA 107200, no data; NIWA 107201, C.A.J. Duffy donation; NIWA 119897, Stn T254. Plus unregistered (nonseparated) specimens in multispecies samples from NIWA Stations K796, K820, K849, K851, K856, K857, Z15598, Z15904, Z15924, Z1595, Z9665, Z9674, Z9680, Z9681, Z9682, Z9685, Z9686, Z9688, Z9689, Z9694, Z9698, Z9701, Z9702, Z9704, Z9713, Z9714, Z9715, TAN0906/21. Redescription. Colony erect, comprising cluster of unbranched columnar stems of varying lengths up to 80 mm, mostly in the range 40–60 mm, attached to hard substratum by basal tangle of rootlets. Rootlets forming as prolongations of the frontal cuticle of autozooids no longer possessing opercula; no rootlet pores. Colour in life brownish-orange. Zooids monomorphic, roundly subhexagonal but longer than wide (mean L/W = 1.37), widest at level of median process. Cryptocyst occupying about half length of frontal surface, shelf depressed, flat, densely porous, with a pair of recesses in proximal corners. Opercular opening delimited proximally by acutely triangular opercular pivots and median process, with distolateral ‘wings’ that do not meet pivots but have narrow, delicate calcareous extension on each side meeting the lateral margin and delineating an irregular transverse opesiule; proximomedial pore longitudinally elongate. Operculum reinforced by distinctive pattern of sclerites, generally comprising a transverse strip (straight or irregular) from which an oblique pair of strips connect to the proximal margin; an I- or H-shaped sclerite occurs between these, sometimes with the crossbar and the top half of the H lacking; a short median vertical sclerite may pass from the mid-distal margin to the transverse sclerite or part or all of it is lacking or is paired. Thickness of sclerites may increase with age of zooid. Polypide with 22–24 tentacles. Ancestrula and early astogeny not seen. Measurements. ZL 864±36, 778–894 (1, 10); ZW 632±26, 578–667 (1, 10); OpL 238±30, 198–278 (1, 10); OpW 462±34, 411–500 (1, 10). Remarks. Steginoporella neozelanica was the first steginoporellid to be described for New Zealand. Its colonies are large, distinctive and common enough on underwater rock faces to be noticed and photographed by divers, who refer to it as the ‘finger bryozoan’ (Fig. 1A). The number of stems in a clump can exceed 60; whether or not these are all part of the same genetic individual is not known. It seems likely, insofar as clumps are discrete, but the variation in stem length within a clump suggests the possibility of larval recruitment to established colonies, a hypothesis that needs to be tested genetically. In colonial morphology it is closest to Steginoporella marcusi Livingstone, 1929 (see below), which, however, comprises single stems, not clusters, often has a single bifurcation, and a different pattern of opercular sclerites. Out of the many samples of S. neozelanica that have been examined, only a single branch bifurcation has ever been seen, and it was very short and only at the base of a stem near the rootlets, unlike the distal branching in S. marcusi . Zooids of S. marcusi are, on average, larger than those of S. neozelanica and the median process, while very similar, consistently differs in detail. The reticular sclerites of the operculum of S. marcusi form somewhat of a honeycomb pattern that is closer to that in S. perplexa than to S. neozelanica . Nevertheless, it seems that S. neozelanica and S. marcusi are closely related. Distribution. Endemic to New Zealand: Three Kings Islands, Spirits Bay, northeast coast of North Island from North Cape to Bare Island off the coast of central Hawke’s Bay at depths of 6–76 m on rock faces. Harmer (1900) reported the species [the ‘Vincularian form’] from Wanganui, on the West Coast of the lower North Island, but it has never been seen in any of the many NIWA samples from this region, which suggests a possible local extinction. Waters (1887) cited Steganoporella [ sic ] neozelanica as a fossil in the Hawke’s Bay region of eastern North Island but, since he stated that colonies comprised “ S. neozelanica in the Lepralia -stage”, it is apparent that he was referring to S. magnifica (see below), of which we also have seen fossil material from this area. : Published as part of Gordon, Dennis P., Voje, Kjetil L. & Taylor, Paul D., 2017, Living and fossil Steginoporellidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from New Zealand, pp. 345-362 in Zootaxa 4350 (2) on pages 347-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1053222 : {"references": ["Busk, G. (1861) Zoophytology. Descriptions of new and imperfectly known Polyzoa. No. 1. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, New Series, 1, 153 - 156, pls. 34, 35.", "Hutton, F. W. (1880) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. A systematic and descriptive catalogue of the marine and land shells, and of the soft molluscs and Polyzoa of New Zealand and the adjacent islands. James Hughes, Wellington, xvi + iii + 224 pp.", "Hincks, T. (1882) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. IX. Foreign Cheilostomata. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 9, 116 - 127, pl. 5.", "Hincks, T. (1893) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa, 1880 - 91. Appendix. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 12, 140 - 147.", "Waters, A. W. (1888) Supplementary report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (79), 1 - 41, 3 pls.", "Hutton, F. W. (1891) Revised list of the marine Bryozoa of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 23, 102 - 107.", "Harmer, S. F. (1900) A revision of the genus Steganoporella. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, New Series, 43, 225 - 297, pls. 12, 13.", "Hutton, F. W. (1904) Index Faunae Novae Zealandiae. Dulau & Co, London, viii + 372 pp.", "Levinsen, G. M. R. (1909) Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatteres Forlag, Copenhagen, vii + 431 pp., 24 pls.", "Hamilton, A. (1898) A list of Recent and fossil Bryozoa collected in various parts of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 30, 192 - 199.", "Livingstone, A. A. (1929) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. XLIX. Bryozoa Cheilostomata from New Zealand. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i KjObenhavn, 87, 45 - 104, 2 pls.", "Pouyet, S. & David, L. (1979 a) Revision of the genus Steginoporella (Bryozoa Cheilostomata). In: Larwood, G. P. & Abbott, M. B. (Ed.), Advances in Bryozoology. The Systematics Association Special Volume 13. Academic Press, London, pp. 565 - 584.", "Pouyet, S. & David, L. (1979 b) Revision systematique du genre Steginoporella Smitt, 1873 (Bryozoa Cheilostomata). Gebios, 12, 763 - 817.", "Gordon, D. P. (1984) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec Ridge. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 91, 1 - 198.", "Gordon, D. P., Taylor, P. D. & Bigey, F. P. (2009) Phylum Bryozoa - moss animals, sea mats, lace corals. In: Gordon, D. P. (Ed.), New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Vol. 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, pp. 271 - 297.", "Waters, A. W. (1887) On Tertiary chilostomatous Bryozoa from New Zealand. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 43, 40 - 72, pls. 6 - 8."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Gordon, Dennis P. Voje, Kjetil L. Taylor, Paul D. |
author_facet |
Gordon, Dennis P. Voje, Kjetil L. Taylor, Paul D. |
author_sort |
Gordon, Dennis P. |
title |
Steginoporella neozelanica Busk 1861 |
title_short |
Steginoporella neozelanica Busk 1861 |
title_full |
Steginoporella neozelanica Busk 1861 |
title_fullStr |
Steginoporella neozelanica Busk 1861 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Steginoporella neozelanica Busk 1861 |
title_sort |
steginoporella neozelanica busk 1861 |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6042309 https://zenodo.org/record/6042309 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(165.700,165.700,-70.650,-70.650) ENVELOPE(-134.337,-134.337,61.333,61.333) ENVELOPE(-62.133,-62.133,-64.100,-64.100) ENVELOPE(-58.440,-58.440,-62.167,-62.167) ENVELOPE(164.167,164.167,-82.467,-82.467) |
geographic |
Pacific New Zealand North Cape Livingstone Abbott Napier Christchurch |
geographic_facet |
Pacific New Zealand North Cape Livingstone Abbott Napier Christchurch |
genre |
North Cape |
genre_facet |
North Cape |
op_relation |
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Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6042309 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.9 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1053224 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1053226 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1053228 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1053238 https: |
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6042309 2023-05-15T17:38:01+02:00 Steginoporella neozelanica Busk 1861 Gordon, Dennis P. Voje, Kjetil L. Taylor, Paul D. 2017 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6042309 https://zenodo.org/record/6042309 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/1053222 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FE44FF93FFFF2601FC56D37ADC18FFFD http://zoobank.org/CB65B034-1CFD-475B-B4FE-1BCF7F0A388D https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.9 http://zenodo.org/record/1053222 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FE44FF93FFFF2601FC56D37ADC18FFFD https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1053224 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1053226 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1053228 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1053238 http://zoobank.org/CB65B034-1CFD-475B-B4FE-1BCF7F0A388D https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6042308 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC0 Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Bryozoa Gymnolaemata Cheilostomata Steginoporellidae Steginoporella Steginoporella neozelanica article-journal ScholarlyArticle Taxonomic treatment Text 2017 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6042309 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.9 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1053224 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1053226 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1053228 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1053238 https: 2022-04-01T09:51:42Z Steginoporella neozelanica (Busk, 1861) (Figs 1A, 2, 6–9, 28) Vincularia neozelanica Busk, 1861: 155, pl. 34, fig. 5; Hutton 1880: 189. Steganoporella neozelanica : Hincks 1882: 119; Hincks 1893: 175; Waters 1888: 14, pl. 2, fig. 32; Hutton 1891: 104; Harmer 1900: 259, pl. 12, fig. 4, pl. 13, fig. 25; Hutton 1904: 296; Levinsen 1909: 168, pl. 5, fig. 3a–d. Steganoporella neo-zealandica : Hamilton 1898: 195, 198. Steganoporella neozelanica f. typica Livingstone, 1929: 65, text-fig 2a, pl. 1, fig. 10. Steginoporella neozelanica : Pouyet & David 1979a: 571, fig. 4; Pouyet & David 1979b: 788, pl. 1, fig. 4; Gordon 1984: 56, pl. 17B; Gordon et al . 2009: 290. Material examined. Syntype: NHMUK 99.7.1.1530, Busk Collection, ‘New Zealand’. Other: NHMUK: 98.6.5.2, Napier. NIWA 73096, Stn TAN1105/27; NIWA 75121, Stn TAN1108/179; NIWA 75193, Stn TAN1108/197; NIWA 75364, Stn TAN1108/213; NIWA 75401, Stn TAN1108/217; NIWA 75479, Stn TAN1108/233; NIWA 75496, Stn TAN1108/239; NIWA 101415, Stn Z15924; NIWA 107197, Stn E268; NIWA 107200, no data; NIWA 107201, C.A.J. Duffy donation; NIWA 119897, Stn T254. Plus unregistered (nonseparated) specimens in multispecies samples from NIWA Stations K796, K820, K849, K851, K856, K857, Z15598, Z15904, Z15924, Z1595, Z9665, Z9674, Z9680, Z9681, Z9682, Z9685, Z9686, Z9688, Z9689, Z9694, Z9698, Z9701, Z9702, Z9704, Z9713, Z9714, Z9715, TAN0906/21. Redescription. Colony erect, comprising cluster of unbranched columnar stems of varying lengths up to 80 mm, mostly in the range 40–60 mm, attached to hard substratum by basal tangle of rootlets. Rootlets forming as prolongations of the frontal cuticle of autozooids no longer possessing opercula; no rootlet pores. Colour in life brownish-orange. Zooids monomorphic, roundly subhexagonal but longer than wide (mean L/W = 1.37), widest at level of median process. Cryptocyst occupying about half length of frontal surface, shelf depressed, flat, densely porous, with a pair of recesses in proximal corners. Opercular opening delimited proximally by acutely triangular opercular pivots and median process, with distolateral ‘wings’ that do not meet pivots but have narrow, delicate calcareous extension on each side meeting the lateral margin and delineating an irregular transverse opesiule; proximomedial pore longitudinally elongate. Operculum reinforced by distinctive pattern of sclerites, generally comprising a transverse strip (straight or irregular) from which an oblique pair of strips connect to the proximal margin; an I- or H-shaped sclerite occurs between these, sometimes with the crossbar and the top half of the H lacking; a short median vertical sclerite may pass from the mid-distal margin to the transverse sclerite or part or all of it is lacking or is paired. Thickness of sclerites may increase with age of zooid. Polypide with 22–24 tentacles. Ancestrula and early astogeny not seen. Measurements. ZL 864±36, 778–894 (1, 10); ZW 632±26, 578–667 (1, 10); OpL 238±30, 198–278 (1, 10); OpW 462±34, 411–500 (1, 10). Remarks. Steginoporella neozelanica was the first steginoporellid to be described for New Zealand. Its colonies are large, distinctive and common enough on underwater rock faces to be noticed and photographed by divers, who refer to it as the ‘finger bryozoan’ (Fig. 1A). The number of stems in a clump can exceed 60; whether or not these are all part of the same genetic individual is not known. It seems likely, insofar as clumps are discrete, but the variation in stem length within a clump suggests the possibility of larval recruitment to established colonies, a hypothesis that needs to be tested genetically. In colonial morphology it is closest to Steginoporella marcusi Livingstone, 1929 (see below), which, however, comprises single stems, not clusters, often has a single bifurcation, and a different pattern of opercular sclerites. Out of the many samples of S. neozelanica that have been examined, only a single branch bifurcation has ever been seen, and it was very short and only at the base of a stem near the rootlets, unlike the distal branching in S. marcusi . Zooids of S. marcusi are, on average, larger than those of S. neozelanica and the median process, while very similar, consistently differs in detail. The reticular sclerites of the operculum of S. marcusi form somewhat of a honeycomb pattern that is closer to that in S. perplexa than to S. neozelanica . Nevertheless, it seems that S. neozelanica and S. marcusi are closely related. Distribution. Endemic to New Zealand: Three Kings Islands, Spirits Bay, northeast coast of North Island from North Cape to Bare Island off the coast of central Hawke’s Bay at depths of 6–76 m on rock faces. Harmer (1900) reported the species [the ‘Vincularian form’] from Wanganui, on the West Coast of the lower North Island, but it has never been seen in any of the many NIWA samples from this region, which suggests a possible local extinction. Waters (1887) cited Steganoporella [ sic ] neozelanica as a fossil in the Hawke’s Bay region of eastern North Island but, since he stated that colonies comprised “ S. neozelanica in the Lepralia -stage”, it is apparent that he was referring to S. magnifica (see below), of which we also have seen fossil material from this area. : Published as part of Gordon, Dennis P., Voje, Kjetil L. & Taylor, Paul D., 2017, Living and fossil Steginoporellidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from New Zealand, pp. 345-362 in Zootaxa 4350 (2) on pages 347-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1053222 : {"references": ["Busk, G. (1861) Zoophytology. Descriptions of new and imperfectly known Polyzoa. No. 1. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, New Series, 1, 153 - 156, pls. 34, 35.", "Hutton, F. W. (1880) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. A systematic and descriptive catalogue of the marine and land shells, and of the soft molluscs and Polyzoa of New Zealand and the adjacent islands. James Hughes, Wellington, xvi + iii + 224 pp.", "Hincks, T. (1882) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. IX. Foreign Cheilostomata. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 9, 116 - 127, pl. 5.", "Hincks, T. (1893) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa, 1880 - 91. Appendix. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 12, 140 - 147.", "Waters, A. W. (1888) Supplementary report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (79), 1 - 41, 3 pls.", "Hutton, F. W. (1891) Revised list of the marine Bryozoa of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 23, 102 - 107.", "Harmer, S. F. (1900) A revision of the genus Steganoporella. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, New Series, 43, 225 - 297, pls. 12, 13.", "Hutton, F. W. (1904) Index Faunae Novae Zealandiae. Dulau & Co, London, viii + 372 pp.", "Levinsen, G. M. R. (1909) Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatteres Forlag, Copenhagen, vii + 431 pp., 24 pls.", "Hamilton, A. (1898) A list of Recent and fossil Bryozoa collected in various parts of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 30, 192 - 199.", "Livingstone, A. A. (1929) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. XLIX. Bryozoa Cheilostomata from New Zealand. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i KjObenhavn, 87, 45 - 104, 2 pls.", "Pouyet, S. & David, L. (1979 a) Revision of the genus Steginoporella (Bryozoa Cheilostomata). In: Larwood, G. P. & Abbott, M. B. (Ed.), Advances in Bryozoology. The Systematics Association Special Volume 13. Academic Press, London, pp. 565 - 584.", "Pouyet, S. & David, L. (1979 b) Revision systematique du genre Steginoporella Smitt, 1873 (Bryozoa Cheilostomata). Gebios, 12, 763 - 817.", "Gordon, D. P. (1984) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec Ridge. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 91, 1 - 198.", "Gordon, D. P., Taylor, P. D. & Bigey, F. P. (2009) Phylum Bryozoa - moss animals, sea mats, lace corals. In: Gordon, D. P. (Ed.), New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Vol. 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, pp. 271 - 297.", "Waters, A. W. (1887) On Tertiary chilostomatous Bryozoa from New Zealand. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 43, 40 - 72, pls. 6 - 8."]} Text North Cape DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Pacific New Zealand North Cape ENVELOPE(165.700,165.700,-70.650,-70.650) Livingstone ENVELOPE(-134.337,-134.337,61.333,61.333) Abbott ENVELOPE(-62.133,-62.133,-64.100,-64.100) Napier ENVELOPE(-58.440,-58.440,-62.167,-62.167) Christchurch ENVELOPE(164.167,164.167,-82.467,-82.467) |