Gomphaeschnidae
Fossil Gomphaeschnidae The systematics within the Aeshnida sensu Bechly 1996 is still under debate (Dijkstra et al. 2013) with two approaches being at issue. Von Ellenrieder (2002) used the taxon Aeshnidae Leach, 1815, for all extant species that could be found within the taxon Aeshnida Bechly, 1996...
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Odonata Gomphaeschnidae |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Odonata Gomphaeschnidae Schädel, Mario Lechner, Thomas S. Gomphaeschnidae |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Odonata Gomphaeschnidae |
description |
Fossil Gomphaeschnidae The systematics within the Aeshnida sensu Bechly 1996 is still under debate (Dijkstra et al. 2013) with two approaches being at issue. Von Ellenrieder (2002) used the taxon Aeshnidae Leach, 1815, for all extant species that could be found within the taxon Aeshnida Bechly, 1996, sensu Bechly (2001, 2003) that comprises multiple taxa on a family level. Von Ellenrieder's interpretation of the Aeshnidae is generally used, because it defines a group that is clearly a clade. Bechly’s approach, however, bears the opportunity for a practical way of recognizing the divisions within the clade. This is very useful, especially in the field of paleoentomology. Hence we follow the nomenclature proposed by Bechly (2003). A phylogenetic analysis based on morphological characters of larvae and adults of extant species showed strong evidence for a sister-group relationship between the genera Gomphaeschna, Sarasaeschna , Oligoaeschna and Linaeschna and the remaining species (=Aeshnodea Bechly, 1996) (von Ellenrieder 2002). The family Gomphaeschnidae Tillyard & Fraser, 1940 (sensu Bechly 1996 and Bechly et al. 2001), is at least of Lower Cretaceous age (Bechly et al. 2001) and comprises the subfamilies Gomphaeschnaoidinae Bechly et al. 2001 and Gomphaeschninae Tillyard & Fraser, 1940 (sensu Bechly et al. 2001) as well as some taxa that were not assigned to a subfamily. List of all known fossil Gomphaeschnidae (sensu Bechly 1996, Bechly et al. 2001) Not assigned: Cretalloaeschna cliffordae Jarzembowski & Nel, 1996, from the Lower Cretaceous of England (Bechly et al. 2001); Anglogomphaeschna eocenica Nel & Fleck, 2014, from the Late Eocene of the Isle of Wight; Sophoaeschna frigida Zhang et al. , 2008, from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China; Falsisophoaeschna generalis Zhang et al. , 2008, from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China; Gomphaeschnaoidinae: Anomalaeschna berndschusteri Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; Cretagomphaeschnaoides jarzembowskae Zheng et al. , 2016, from the Cretaceous of Myanmar; Sinojagoria imperfecta Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of China (Liaoning); Sinojagoria cancellosa Li et al. , 2012, from the Upper Jurassic or Lower Cretaceous of China (Liaoning); Sinojagoria magna Li et al. , 2012, from the Upper Jurassic or Lower Cretaceous of China (Liaoning); Paramorbaeschna araripensis Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; Progomphaeschnaoides ursulae Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; Progomphaeschnaoides staniczeki Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; Plesigomphaeschnaoides mongolensis Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia; Plesigomphaeschnaoides pindelskii Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of England; Gomphaeschnaoides obliquus ( Gomphaeschna obliqua ) Wighton, 1987, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil (Bechly et al. 2001); Gomphaeschnaoides magnus Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; Gomphaeschnaoides petersi Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; Gomphaeschnaoides betoreti Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; Gomphaeschninae: ? Oligoaeschna anglica Cockerell & Andrews, 1916, Upper Eocene, Isle of Wight (Nel & Fleck 2014; Nel et al. 2005); Oligoaeschna needhami Cockerell, 1907, from the Lower Oligocene of Colorado (Nel et al. 1994b); Oligoaeschna oligocenica Nel & Papazian, 1983, from the Lower Oligocene of France (Nel et al. 1994b); Sarasaeschna ( Oligoaeschna ) pryeri Martin, 1909, from the Upper Pliocene of Japan (Esaki & Asahina 1957; Nel et al. 1994b); Oligoaeschna conjuncta Martynov, 1929, from the Upper Oligocene of Kasakhstan (Nel et al. 1994b); ? Gomphaeschna inferna Pritykina, 1977, from the Lower Cretaceous of Russia (Buryatia); ? Gomphaeschna sibirica Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Russia (Siberia); Gomphaeschna miocenica Prokop & Nel, 2002, from the Lower Miocene of the Czech Republic; ? Gomphaeschna danica Madsen and Nel, 1997, from the Paleocene/Eocene of Denmark; Gomphaeschna paleocenica Madsen and Nel, 1997, from the Paleocene/Eocene of Denmark; Gomphaeschna schrankii Lewis, 1988, from the Paleocene of North Dakota. Geological Setting. The active clay pit Schaßbach (46°47'53.32"N, 14°48'23.77"E) is located in eastern Carinthia about 3.8 km northwest of the historical town center of St. Andrä (District Wolfsberg). The site lies within an intramontane basin that was formed during late Early (Karpatian) and early Middle Miocene (Badenian) pull-apart phases (Reischenbacher & Sachsenhöfer 2013). The Koralpe restricts the basin on its eastern side, whereas the Saualpe is the western boundary of the basin. The fine laminated mudstones (‘fish-shale’) that alternate with siltstones are referred to the lacustrine lower part of the Lower Badenian Mühldorf Formation (Reischenbacher et al. 2007; Reischenbacher & Sachsenhöfer 2013). The overlying marine sediments were dated to an age of 14.91 Ma (Reischenbacher et al. 2007). Harzhauser et al. (2015) suggested the name ‘Lake Lavant’ for the fossil lake. Various plant fossils are known from the Schaßbach clay pit including Ginkgo adiantoides (Meller et al. 2015). Most of the plant remains come from siltstones without a continuous lamination. Plant fossils from fine laminated mudstones are way less common but show a more optimal kind of preservation. Vertebrate fossils so far include the very abundant cyprinid and gobiid fishes as well as rare skeletal bird remains. Also small down feathers are not uncommon in the biolaminites. Only one freshwater snail species (Harzhauser et al. 2015) and one terrestrial pulmonate species (Harzhauser pers. communication) are known up to the present. : Published as part of Schädel, Mario & Lechner, Thomas S., 2017, Two new dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) from the Miocene of Carinthia (Austria), pp. 153-164 in Zootaxa 4243 (1) on pages 153-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/398752 : {"references": ["Bechly, G. (1996) Morphologische Untersuchungen am Flugelgeader der rezenten Libellen und deren Stammgruppenvertreter (Insecta; Pterygota; Odonata) unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Phylogenetischen Systematik und des Grundplanes der * Odonata. Petalura, special Volume 2, 1 - 402.", "Dijkstra, K. D. B., Bechly, G., Bybee, S. M., Dow, R. A., Dumont, H. J., Fleck, G., Garrison, R. W., Hamalainen, M., Kalkman, V. J., Karube, H., May, M. L., Orr, A. G., Paulson, D. R., Rehn, A. C., Theischinger, G., Trueman, J. W. H., Van Tol, J., von Ellenrieder, N. & Ware, J. (2013) The classification and diversity of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). In: Zhang, Z. - Q. (Ed.), Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa, 3703 (1), 36 - 45. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3703.1.9", "von Ellenrieder, N. (2002) A phylogenetic analysis of the extant Aeshnidae (Odonata: Anisoptera). Systematic Entomology, 27 (4), 437 - 467.", "Bechly, G., Nel, A., Martinez-Delclos, X., Jarzembowski, E. A., Coram, R., Martill, D., Fleck, G., Escuillie, F., Wisshak, M. M. & Maisch, M. (2001) A revision and phylogenetic study of Mesozoic Aeshnoptera, with description of several new families, genera and species (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera). Neue Palaontologische Abhandlungen, 4, 1 - 219.", "Bechly, G. (2003) Phylogenetic systematics of Odonata. In: Schorr, M. & Lindeboom, M. (Eds.), Dragonfly Research, Folume 1. Zerf-Tubingen (CD-ROM).", "Jarzembowski, E. A. & Nel, A. (1996) A new genus and species of hawker dragonfly (Aeshnidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Cretaceous Research, 17 (1), 97 - 101.", "Nel, A. & Fleck, G. (2014) Dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) from the Late Eocene of the Isle of Wight. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 104 (3 - 4), 283 - 306.", "Zhang, B., Ren, D. & Pang, H. (2008) New dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata: Gomphaeschnidae) from the Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia, China. Progress in Natural Science, 18 (1), 59 - 64.", "Li, Y., Nel, A., Ren, D. & Pang, H. (2012) New gomphaeschnids and progobiaeshnids from the Yixian Formation in Liaoning Province (China) illustrate the tremendous Upper Mesozoic diversity of the aeshnopteran dragonflies. Geobios, 45 (4), 339 - 350.", "Wighton, D. C. (1987) Gomphaeschna obliqua spec. nov., a new species of Gomphaeschninae from Northeastern Brazil (Anisoptera: Aeshnidae). Odonatologica, 16 (3), 311 - 314.", "Cockerell, T. D. A. & Andrews, H. (1916) Dragon-flies from the English Oligocene. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 29, 89 - 92.", "Nel, A., Petrulevicius, J. F. & Jarzembowski, E. A. (2005) New fossil Odonata from the European Cenozoic (Insecta: Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae, Aeshnidae,? Idionychidae, Libellulidae). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen, 235 (3), 343 - 380.", "Cockerell, T. D. A. (1907) Fossil dragonflies from Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 23, 133 - 139.", "Nel, A., Martinez-Delclos, X., Escuillie, F. & Brisac, P. (1994 b) Les Aeshnidae fossiles: etat actuel des connaissances (Odonata, Anisoptera). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen, 194 (2 / 3), 143 - 186.", "Nel, A. & Papazian, M. (1983) Description d'une nouvelle espece d'Odonate fossile du Stampien d'Aix-en-Provence (Odonata Aeschnidae). L'Entomologiste, 39, 19 - 122.", "Esaki, T. & Asahina, S. (1957) On two tertiary dragonfly species from the Oya-formation in Kazusa-Nagasaki Prefecture. Kontyu, 25 (3), 82 - 88.", "Martynov, A. V. (1929) Ob iskopayemykh nasekomykh tretichnykh otlozheniy Ashutasa, Zaisanskogo uyezda [Fossil insects from Tertiary deposits in Ashutas, Saisan District]. Trudy Geologicheskogo Muzeya, Akademii nauk SSSR, 5, 73 - 216.", "Pritykina, L. N. (1977) New dragonflies from Lower Cretaceous deposits of Transbaikalia and Mongolia. Trudy Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya, 4, 81 - 96.", "Prokop, J. & Nel, A. (2002) New Tertiary dragonflies from Lower Oligocene of the Ceske stredohori Mts and Lower Miocene of the Most Basin in the Czech Republic (Odonata: Anisoptera). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 66, 141 - 150.", "Madsen, H. O. R. & Nel, A. (1997) Two new fossil species of Gomphaeschna Selys, 1871 in the Paleocene / Eocene of Denmark (Odonata: Aeshnoidea). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 33, 3, 285 - 293).", "Lewis S. E. (1988) A dragon-fly (Odonata: Aeschnidae) from the Paleocene of North Dakota. Occasional Papers in Paleobiology St Cloud State University, 2 (2), 1 - 7.", "Reischenbacher, D. & Sachsenhofer, R. F. (2013) Basin formation during the post-collisional evolution of the Eastern Alps: the example of the Lavanttal Basin. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 102 (2), 517 - 543.", "Reischenbacher, D., Rifelj, H., Sachsenhofer, R. F., Jelen, B., Coric, S., Gross, M. & Reichenbacher, B. (2007) Early Badenian paleoenvironment in the Lavanttal Basin (Muhldorf Formation; Austria): evidence from geochemistry and paleontology. Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences, 100, 202 - 229.", "Harzhauser, M., Mandic, O., Neubauer, T. A., Georgopoulou, E., Hassler, A. (2015) Disjunct distribution of the Miocene limpet-like freshwater gastropod genus Delminiella. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 82 (1), 129 - 136.", "Meller, B., Zetter, R., Hassler, A., Bouchal, J. M., Hofmann, C. C. & Grimsson, F. (2015) Middle Miocene macrofloral elements from the Lavanttal Basin, Austria, Part I. Ginkgo adiantoides (Unger) Heer. Austrian Journal Of Earth Sciences, 108 (2), 185 - 198."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Schädel, Mario Lechner, Thomas S. |
author_facet |
Schädel, Mario Lechner, Thomas S. |
author_sort |
Schädel, Mario |
title |
Gomphaeschnidae |
title_short |
Gomphaeschnidae |
title_full |
Gomphaeschnidae |
title_fullStr |
Gomphaeschnidae |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gomphaeschnidae |
title_sort |
gomphaeschnidae |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2017 |
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https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6033067 https://zenodo.org/record/6033067 |
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Hofmann Heer Fossil Lake Lechner |
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Hofmann Heer Fossil Lake Lechner |
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ren Siberia |
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ren Siberia |
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.6033067 2023-05-15T18:50:59+02:00 Gomphaeschnidae Schädel, Mario Lechner, Thomas S. 2017 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6033067 https://zenodo.org/record/6033067 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/398752 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FF99FFDCFFBCFFB3FFD5316EFFDB1533 http://zoobank.org/96C38B34-BD4C-438B-BC73-FAD6CCBDE212 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4243.1.7 http://zenodo.org/record/398752 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FF99FFDCFFBCFFB3FFD5316EFFDB1533 http://zoobank.org/96C38B34-BD4C-438B-BC73-FAD6CCBDE212 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6033066 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC0 Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Odonata Gomphaeschnidae article-journal ScholarlyArticle Taxonomic treatment Text 2017 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6033067 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4243.1.7 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6033066 2022-04-01T09:50:52Z Fossil Gomphaeschnidae The systematics within the Aeshnida sensu Bechly 1996 is still under debate (Dijkstra et al. 2013) with two approaches being at issue. Von Ellenrieder (2002) used the taxon Aeshnidae Leach, 1815, for all extant species that could be found within the taxon Aeshnida Bechly, 1996, sensu Bechly (2001, 2003) that comprises multiple taxa on a family level. Von Ellenrieder's interpretation of the Aeshnidae is generally used, because it defines a group that is clearly a clade. Bechly’s approach, however, bears the opportunity for a practical way of recognizing the divisions within the clade. This is very useful, especially in the field of paleoentomology. Hence we follow the nomenclature proposed by Bechly (2003). A phylogenetic analysis based on morphological characters of larvae and adults of extant species showed strong evidence for a sister-group relationship between the genera Gomphaeschna, Sarasaeschna , Oligoaeschna and Linaeschna and the remaining species (=Aeshnodea Bechly, 1996) (von Ellenrieder 2002). The family Gomphaeschnidae Tillyard & Fraser, 1940 (sensu Bechly 1996 and Bechly et al. 2001), is at least of Lower Cretaceous age (Bechly et al. 2001) and comprises the subfamilies Gomphaeschnaoidinae Bechly et al. 2001 and Gomphaeschninae Tillyard & Fraser, 1940 (sensu Bechly et al. 2001) as well as some taxa that were not assigned to a subfamily. List of all known fossil Gomphaeschnidae (sensu Bechly 1996, Bechly et al. 2001) Not assigned: Cretalloaeschna cliffordae Jarzembowski & Nel, 1996, from the Lower Cretaceous of England (Bechly et al. 2001); Anglogomphaeschna eocenica Nel & Fleck, 2014, from the Late Eocene of the Isle of Wight; Sophoaeschna frigida Zhang et al. , 2008, from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China; Falsisophoaeschna generalis Zhang et al. , 2008, from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China; Gomphaeschnaoidinae: Anomalaeschna berndschusteri Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; Cretagomphaeschnaoides jarzembowskae Zheng et al. , 2016, from the Cretaceous of Myanmar; Sinojagoria imperfecta Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of China (Liaoning); Sinojagoria cancellosa Li et al. , 2012, from the Upper Jurassic or Lower Cretaceous of China (Liaoning); Sinojagoria magna Li et al. , 2012, from the Upper Jurassic or Lower Cretaceous of China (Liaoning); Paramorbaeschna araripensis Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; Progomphaeschnaoides ursulae Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; Progomphaeschnaoides staniczeki Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; Plesigomphaeschnaoides mongolensis Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia; Plesigomphaeschnaoides pindelskii Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of England; Gomphaeschnaoides obliquus ( Gomphaeschna obliqua ) Wighton, 1987, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil (Bechly et al. 2001); Gomphaeschnaoides magnus Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; Gomphaeschnaoides petersi Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; Gomphaeschnaoides betoreti Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; Gomphaeschninae: ? Oligoaeschna anglica Cockerell & Andrews, 1916, Upper Eocene, Isle of Wight (Nel & Fleck 2014; Nel et al. 2005); Oligoaeschna needhami Cockerell, 1907, from the Lower Oligocene of Colorado (Nel et al. 1994b); Oligoaeschna oligocenica Nel & Papazian, 1983, from the Lower Oligocene of France (Nel et al. 1994b); Sarasaeschna ( Oligoaeschna ) pryeri Martin, 1909, from the Upper Pliocene of Japan (Esaki & Asahina 1957; Nel et al. 1994b); Oligoaeschna conjuncta Martynov, 1929, from the Upper Oligocene of Kasakhstan (Nel et al. 1994b); ? Gomphaeschna inferna Pritykina, 1977, from the Lower Cretaceous of Russia (Buryatia); ? Gomphaeschna sibirica Bechly et al. , 2001, from the Lower Cretaceous of Russia (Siberia); Gomphaeschna miocenica Prokop & Nel, 2002, from the Lower Miocene of the Czech Republic; ? Gomphaeschna danica Madsen and Nel, 1997, from the Paleocene/Eocene of Denmark; Gomphaeschna paleocenica Madsen and Nel, 1997, from the Paleocene/Eocene of Denmark; Gomphaeschna schrankii Lewis, 1988, from the Paleocene of North Dakota. Geological Setting. The active clay pit Schaßbach (46°47'53.32"N, 14°48'23.77"E) is located in eastern Carinthia about 3.8 km northwest of the historical town center of St. Andrä (District Wolfsberg). The site lies within an intramontane basin that was formed during late Early (Karpatian) and early Middle Miocene (Badenian) pull-apart phases (Reischenbacher & Sachsenhöfer 2013). The Koralpe restricts the basin on its eastern side, whereas the Saualpe is the western boundary of the basin. The fine laminated mudstones (‘fish-shale’) that alternate with siltstones are referred to the lacustrine lower part of the Lower Badenian Mühldorf Formation (Reischenbacher et al. 2007; Reischenbacher & Sachsenhöfer 2013). The overlying marine sediments were dated to an age of 14.91 Ma (Reischenbacher et al. 2007). Harzhauser et al. (2015) suggested the name ‘Lake Lavant’ for the fossil lake. Various plant fossils are known from the Schaßbach clay pit including Ginkgo adiantoides (Meller et al. 2015). Most of the plant remains come from siltstones without a continuous lamination. Plant fossils from fine laminated mudstones are way less common but show a more optimal kind of preservation. Vertebrate fossils so far include the very abundant cyprinid and gobiid fishes as well as rare skeletal bird remains. Also small down feathers are not uncommon in the biolaminites. Only one freshwater snail species (Harzhauser et al. 2015) and one terrestrial pulmonate species (Harzhauser pers. communication) are known up to the present. : Published as part of Schädel, Mario & Lechner, Thomas S., 2017, Two new dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) from the Miocene of Carinthia (Austria), pp. 153-164 in Zootaxa 4243 (1) on pages 153-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/398752 : {"references": ["Bechly, G. (1996) Morphologische Untersuchungen am Flugelgeader der rezenten Libellen und deren Stammgruppenvertreter (Insecta; Pterygota; Odonata) unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Phylogenetischen Systematik und des Grundplanes der * Odonata. Petalura, special Volume 2, 1 - 402.", "Dijkstra, K. D. B., Bechly, G., Bybee, S. M., Dow, R. A., Dumont, H. J., Fleck, G., Garrison, R. W., Hamalainen, M., Kalkman, V. J., Karube, H., May, M. L., Orr, A. G., Paulson, D. R., Rehn, A. C., Theischinger, G., Trueman, J. W. H., Van Tol, J., von Ellenrieder, N. & Ware, J. (2013) The classification and diversity of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). In: Zhang, Z. - Q. (Ed.), Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa, 3703 (1), 36 - 45. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3703.1.9", "von Ellenrieder, N. (2002) A phylogenetic analysis of the extant Aeshnidae (Odonata: Anisoptera). Systematic Entomology, 27 (4), 437 - 467.", "Bechly, G., Nel, A., Martinez-Delclos, X., Jarzembowski, E. A., Coram, R., Martill, D., Fleck, G., Escuillie, F., Wisshak, M. M. & Maisch, M. (2001) A revision and phylogenetic study of Mesozoic Aeshnoptera, with description of several new families, genera and species (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera). Neue Palaontologische Abhandlungen, 4, 1 - 219.", "Bechly, G. (2003) Phylogenetic systematics of Odonata. In: Schorr, M. & Lindeboom, M. (Eds.), Dragonfly Research, Folume 1. Zerf-Tubingen (CD-ROM).", "Jarzembowski, E. A. & Nel, A. (1996) A new genus and species of hawker dragonfly (Aeshnidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Cretaceous Research, 17 (1), 97 - 101.", "Nel, A. & Fleck, G. (2014) Dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) from the Late Eocene of the Isle of Wight. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 104 (3 - 4), 283 - 306.", "Zhang, B., Ren, D. & Pang, H. (2008) New dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata: Gomphaeschnidae) from the Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia, China. Progress in Natural Science, 18 (1), 59 - 64.", "Li, Y., Nel, A., Ren, D. & Pang, H. (2012) New gomphaeschnids and progobiaeshnids from the Yixian Formation in Liaoning Province (China) illustrate the tremendous Upper Mesozoic diversity of the aeshnopteran dragonflies. Geobios, 45 (4), 339 - 350.", "Wighton, D. C. 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