Auletta akaroa Cavalcanti & Recinos & Pinheiro 2017, sp. nov.

• Main Authors: Cavalcanti, Thaynã, Recinos, Radharanne, Pinheiro, Ulisses
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2017
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Porifera; Demospongiae; Halichondrida; Axinellidae; Auletta; Auletta akaroa; Austin; Galapagos; Herdman; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6032821; https://zenodo.org/record/6032821

Auletta akaroa sp. nov. (Figures 1–3, Table 1) Type locality: Brazil, Alagoas State, off Coruripe Municipality. Type specimens: Holotype. UFPEPOR 3054, off Coruripe Municipality (10°02’45’’S – 35°43’00’’ W), Alagoas State, Brazil, depth 90 m, st. 73E, coll. Akaroa expedition (5/IX/1965). Diagnosis. Auletta akaroa sp. nov. is a stalked tubular sponge, megascleres are small and sinuous: styles (280– 383 / 3–6 µm, length / width) and strongyles (228–386 / 6–8 µm, length / width). External morphology (Fig. 2 A–C). Stalked tubular sponge with 5.0 x 0.6 cm (length x width). Cluster of four tubes over a single base, two of them are completely laterally anastomosing, the other are in anastomosing next to base. Tubes have irregular shape with soft constrictions. All tubes have one apical osculum, but only one tube presents a single lateral osculum. The oscula are 3–4 mm (diameter). Surface is smooth and consistency is compressible and flexible. Colour is reddish-brown when preserved (ethanol 80%), colour in life is unknown. Skeleton (Fig. 2 D–F). No special ectosomal skeleton. Abundant spongin bearing the surface. Coanosomal skeleton plumoreticulate with multispicular tracts of strongyles connected by tracts of uni- or paucispicular styles. Spicules (Fig. 3 A–D). Styles (280–325.7–383 / 3–4.7–6 µm, length / width): smooth, straight to slightly sinuous, rounded tips on some with subterminal knobs (Fig. 3 A, C); Strongyles (228–322.0–386 / 6–6.5–8 µm, length / width): smooth, slightly curved to sinuous, strongyloxeas forms are present (Fig. 3 A, D). Distribution and ecology. Known only from the type locality: off Coruripe Municipality (Alagoas State, Northeastern Region, Brazil), in 90 m depth. The specimen was collected on muddy and gravel substrate. Etymology. The species name honors the Akaroa Project, expedition undertaken by the fishing boat Akaroa, which collected sponges along Alagoas and Sergipe States (Brazil). Remarks. Auletta akaroa sp. nov. is a typical Auletta by its external morphology, spicule complement, presence of plumoreticulate skeleton, sinuous strongyles, styles and tubular shape. The most similar species is A . sycinularia which shares styles and strongyles with similar features, but A . sycinularia presents two categories of styles and larger strongyles than the new species (Table 1). Auletta akaroa sp. nov. also differs from A . tuberosa due to the presence of the spicule complement of styles, oxeas and strongyles, and presence of prominent tubercles on its tubes. The new species differs from A . andamanensis Pattanayak, 2006, A . aurantiaca Dendy, 1889, and A . lyrata (Esper, 1794) by their absence of strongyles. Presence of oxeas are characteristics of the species A . consimilis Thiele, 1898, A . dendrophora Wilson, 1904, A . elongata Dendy, 1905, A . halichondrioides Thiele, 1898, A . krautteri Austin et al , 2013. Auletta akaroa sp. nov. differs from the North Atlantic species A . grantioides , A . pedunculata and A . sessilis because they have much larger styles and strongyles (Table 1). Finally, the new species differs from A . tubulosa by it spicules complement of only two categories of styles. : Published as part of Cavalcanti, Thaynã, Recinos, Radharanne & Pinheiro, Ulisses, 2017, Two new Auletta Schmidt, 1870 (Axinellidae; Demospongiae; Porifera) from Brazil, pp. 121-130 in Zootaxa 4273 (1) on pages 122-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4273.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/818349 : {"references": ["Pattanayak, J. G. (2006) Marine sponges of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India Occasional Paper, 255, 1 - 152.", "Dendy, A. (1889) Report on a Second Collection of Sponges from the Gulf of Manaar. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6 (3), 73 - 99, pls. III - V.", "Thiele, J. (1898) Studien uber pazifische Spongien. I. Japanische Demospongien. Zoologica. Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Zoologie. Stuttgart, 24, 1, 1 - 72, pls. I - VIII.", "Wilson, H. V. (1904) Reports on an Exploration off the West Coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer ' Albatross' during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. S., commanding. XXX. The Sponges. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 30 (1), 1 - 164, pls. 1 - 26.", "Dendy, A. (1905) Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.), Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. 3 (Supplement 18). Royal Society, London, pp. 57 - 246, pls. I - XVI.", "Austin, W., Ott, B., Reiswig, H., Romagosa, P. & McDaniel, N. (2013) Two new species in the family Axinellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia and adjacent waters. ZooKeys, 338, 11 - 28."]}