Tiaropsis multicirrata M. Sars 1835
Tiaropsis multicirrata (M. Sars, 1835) Figs. 17 a, b Thaumantias multicirrata M. Sars, 1835: 26, pl. 5, figs. 12 a–c [medusa]. Type locality. Norway: near Bergen (M. Sars 1835). Material examined. NB: Richardson, Deer Island, 44°59’42”N, 66°56’45”W, on pontoon slip of wharf, <1 m, on Mytilus edul...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Text |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
Zenodo
2017
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6015995 https://zenodo.org/record/6015995 |
Summary: | Tiaropsis multicirrata (M. Sars, 1835) Figs. 17 a, b Thaumantias multicirrata M. Sars, 1835: 26, pl. 5, figs. 12 a–c [medusa]. Type locality. Norway: near Bergen (M. Sars 1835). Material examined. NB: Richardson, Deer Island, 44°59’42”N, 66°56’45”W, on pontoon slip of wharf, <1 m, on Mytilus edulis , 34‰, 9° C, 22.v.1999, one colony, without gonophores, coll. D. Calder, ROMIZ B3089. Description. Colony stolonal, with hydrorhiza entangled in filamentous algae growing on a mussel. Hydrorhiza mostly smooth, 0.1 mm in diameter, lacking internal septa, bearing pedicellate hydrothecae. Hydrothecal pedicels very short, less than 0.15 mm high, appearing irregularly annulated, supporting a hydrotheca at distal end. Hydrothecae erect, slender, deep, subcylindrical with smooth walls, without a distinct diaphragm basally, infrequently renovated, capped by a long cone-shaped operculum, hydrothecal walls typically widening very gradually from proximal to distal end, total length of hydrothecae from base to tip of operculum 0.4–0.8 mm, width at base of operculum about 0.15 mm and at insertion with pedicel 0.10 mm. Operculum a folded continuation of hydrothecal wall having about 10 pleats when closed, not distinctly demarcated from hydrothecal wall. Perisarc everywhere moderately thin but not flimsy. Nematothecae absent. Gonothecae not seen. Remarks. Tiaropsis multicirrata (M. Sars, 1835) was originally described from a medusa discovered in Norway. Knowledge of its hydroid remained obscure until a colony was linked to T. multicirrata in studies by Rees (1941) at Millport, Scotland. Rees found the hydroid on an old Buccinum shell, and based his identification on a medusa liberated from it in the laboratory. Later, Korsakova (1949) and Naumov (1951) raised similar hydroids from planulae released by medusae of the species. Based on the morphology of its trophosome, Naumov (1960) concluded that the hydroid was identical with one described earlier as Cuspidella mollis Spasskii, 1929 from the Russian coast of the Barents Sea. The species differs from Cuspidella Hincks, 1866, as defined by its type species C. humilis Hincks, 1866, in having pedicellate instead of sessile hydrothecae. As noted by Rees (1941), L. Agassiz (1850: 296) reported raising a “campanularioid polypidom” from planulae liberated by a medusa of Tiaropsis diademata L. Agassiz, 1850, but he did not describe or illustrate it. The medusa T. diademata , from the east coast of North America, was shown by Kramp (1919) to be conspecific with the European T. multicirrata . While the inconspicuous hydroid of Tiaropsis multicirrata has not been reported before from the Bay of Fundy, its medusa stage has long been known from the area (e.g., Whiteaves 1901; Bigelow 1914; Fish & Johnson 1937; Shih et al . 1971; Shih 1977; Linkletter et al . 1977). Elsewhere on the east coast of North America, medusae of the species have been reported from Rhode Island (Mayer 1910b, caption to fig. 11, pl. 31, as T. diademata ) to the Canadian Arctic, including Baffin Island (Dunbar 1942; Barry 1974) and Foxe Basin (Grainger 1959, 1962). On the west coast, it is known to occur from southern British Columbia (Arai & Brinckmann-Voss 1980) to the Bering Sea (Bigelow 1913, as T. diademata ) and on into the Beaufort Sea (Grainger 1975). Although hydroids of this species have been reported infrequently and are poorly known, Arai & Brinckmann-Voss reported them to be “very common” on wharves at Departure Bay and French Creek, British Columbia, Canada. Based on knowledge of its medusa, T. multicirrata has been described as a northern boreal species (Russell 1953) and as a subarcticboreal species (Barry 1974). In terms of seasonality, Mayer (1910b) reported that medusae of the species (as Tiaropsis diademata ) appear in great numbers on the coast of New England during March. By mid-May, numbers there decline significantly, and medusae disappear during summer. More recently, the species was observed from February to April in the Eel Pond at Woods Hole, Massachusetts (Costello & Mathieu 1995). To the north, medusae are described as being frequent to abundant, at least seasonally, along the east coast of Newfoundland (Kramp 1920; Pinhey 1927, as T. diademata ). Observed seasonality is similar in British Columbia (Arai & Brinckmann-Voss 1980), with young medusae appearing in March and adults being present until early June. In Britain, medusae first appear in late winter or early spring and are mature by July (Russell 1953). Other aspects of the biology of Tiaropsis multicirrata have been reviewed by authors including Russell (1953), Naumov (1960), Arai & Brinckmann-Voss (1980), and Cornelius (1995a). An exhaustive account of the morphology and development of the medusa is given by Russell. According to Naumov, fertilized eggs are retained in the gonad of the female medusa and are released into the water as planula larvae. Some of the diverse food items known to be ingested by medusae were listed by Arai & Brinckmann-Voss. For the most part, both hydroid and medusa stages are inhabitants of shallow waters, although Barry (1974) reported medusae over a depth range of 0– 150 m in waters of northern Canada. As might be expected, molecular data summarized by Maronna et al . (2016) confirm a close relationship between Tiaropsis multicirrata and several so-called “campanulinoids.” In their phylograms, the species appears particularly close to Tiaropsidium kelseyi Torrey, 1909 (family Tiaropsidae Boero et al ., 1987), Opercularella pumila S.F. Clark 1875 and Phialella quadrata (Forbes, 1848) (family Phialellidae Russell, 1953), Racemoramus panicula (G.O. Sars, 1874) (questionably to family Phialellidae), Mitrocomella brownei (Kramp, 1930) and M. niwai Bouillon & Barnett, 1999 (family Mitrocomidae Haeckel, 1879), and Calycella syringa (Linnaeus, 1767) (family Calycellidae Kramp, 1913). Detailed synonymy lists of the medusa stage of Tiaropsis multicirrata are given in Russell (1953), Kramp (1961), and Arai & Brinckmann-Voss (1980). Recorded distribution. Bay of Fundy: hydroid recorded for the first time. Medusa recorded from Bay of Fundy (Whiteaves 1901; Fish & Johnson 1937); Eastport, ME (Bigelow 1914). Eastern North America: western Greenland to New England (Cornelius 1995a; Shih et al . 1971). Elsewhere: circumpolar in cool waters (Cornelius 1995a), including the eastern North Atlantic (Brittany to the White Sea) and North Pacific (British Columbia to the Bering Sea, and the Yellow Sea and northern Japan to the eastern and northern seas of the Russian Federation) (Naumov 1960; Arai & Brinckmann-Voss 1980; Yamada & Hirano 1983; Antsulevich 2015). : Published as part of Calder, Dale R., 2017, Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Bay of Fundy, northeastern North America, with a checklist of species reported from the region, pp. 1-86 in Zootaxa 4256 (1) on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.556851 : {"references": ["Sars, M. (1835) Beskrivelser og iagttagelser over nogle maerkelige eller nye i havet ved den Bergenske kyst levende dyr af polypernes, acalephernes, radiaternes, annelidernes og molluskernes classer, med en kort oversigt over de hidtil af forfatteren sammesteds fundne arter og deres forekommen. Thorstein Hallagers Forlag, Bergen, 81 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13017", "Rees, W. J. (1941) Notes on British and Norwegian hydroids and medusae. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 25, 129 - 141.", "Korsakova, G. (1949) Rannie stadii drobleniya u Tiaropsis. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 65, 413 - 415.", "Naumov, D. V. (1951) Nekotorye dannye o zhiznennykh tsiklakh metageneticheskikh meduz. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 76, 747 - 750.", "Naumov, D. V. (1960) Gidroidy i gidromeduzy morskikh, solonovatovodnykh i presnovodnykh basseinov SSSR. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, 70, 1 - 626.", "Spasskii, N. (1929) K faune gidroidov Kol'skogo zaliva i yugo-zapadnoi chasti Barentseva morya. Raboty Murmanskoi Biologicheskoi Stantsii, 3, 1 - 48.", "Hincks, T. (1866) On new British Hydroida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 18, 296 - 299.", "Agassiz, L. (1850) Contributions to the natural history of the Acalephae of North America. Part I. On the naked-eyed medusae of the shores of Massachusetts, in their perfect state of development. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Series, 4, 221 - 316. [Vol. 4, Part II, in which this article appeared, is dated 1850 on the Title page].", "Kramp., P. L. (1919) Medusae. Part I. Leptomedusae. Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 5 (8), 1 - 111.", "Whiteaves, J. F. (1901) Catalogue of the marine Invertebrata of eastern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada Separate Report, 722, 1 - 271.", "Bigelow, H. B. (1914) Fauna of New England. 12. List of the Medusae Craspedotae, Siphonophorae, Scyphomedusae, Ctenophoridae. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7, 1 - 37.", "Fish, C. J. & Johnson, M. W. (1937) The biology of the zooplankton population in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine with special reference to production and distribution. Journal of the Biological Board of Canada, 3, 189 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 37 - 015", "Shih, C. - T., Figueira, A. J. G. & Grainger, E. H. (1971) A synopsis of Canadian marine zooplankton. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Bulletin, 176, 1 - 264.", "Shih, C. - T. (1977) A guide to the jellyfish of Canadian Atlantic waters. National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, Natural History Series, 5, 90 pp.", "Linkletter, L. E., Lord, E. I. & Dadswell, M. J. (1977) A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, 68 pp.", "Mayer, A. G. (1910 b) Medusae of the world. Volume II. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 109, 231 - 498.", "Dunbar, M. J. (1942) Marine macroplankton from the Canadian eastern Arctic. II. Medusae, Siphonophora, Ctenophora, Pteropoda, and Chaetognatha. Canadian Journal of Research, 20 D, 71 - 77.", "Barry, B. (1974) Hydromedusae of the Canadian eastern Arctic. M. Sc. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 146 pp.", "Grainger, E. H. (1959) The annual oceanographic cycle at Igloolik in the Canadian Arctic. 1. The zooplankton and physical and chemical observations. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 16, 453 - 501.", "Grainger, E. H. (1962) Zooplankton of Foxe Basin in the Canadian Arctic. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 19, 377 - 400.", "Arai, M. N. & Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1980) Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 204, 1 - 192.", "Bigelow, H. B. (1913) Medusae and Siphonophorae collected by the U. S. Fisheries Steamer \" Albatross \" in the northwestern Pacific, 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 44, 1 - 119.", "Grainger, E. H. (1975) Biological productivity of the southern Beaufort Sea: the physical-chemical environment and the plankton. Beaufort Sea Technical Report, 12 a, 1 - 82.", "Russell, F. S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles. Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 530 pp.", "Costello, J. H. & Mathieu, H. W. (1995) Seasonal abundance of medusae in Eel Pond, Massachusetts, USA during 1990 - 1991. Journal of Plankton Research, 17, 199 - 204.", "Kramp, P. L. (1920) Anthomedusae and Leptomedusae from the \" Michael Sars \" North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910. Report on the Scientific Results of the \" Michael Sars \" North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 14.", "Pinhey, K. F. (1927) Entomostraca of the Belle Isle Strait Expedition, 1923, with notes on other planktonic species: Part II; and a record of other collections in the region. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 3, 331 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 26 - 013", "Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 a) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 1. Introduction, Laodiceidae to Haleciidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 50, 347 pp.", "Maronna, M. M., Miranda, T. P., Pena Cantero, A. L., Barbeitos, M. S. & Marques, A. C. (2016) Towards a phylogenetic classification of Leptothecata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Scientific Reports, 6, 18075. [published online] https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 18075", "Torrey, H. B. (1909) Contributions from the Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association of San Diego. XXIV. The Leptomedusae of the San Diego region. University of California Publications in Zoology, 6, 11 - 31.", "Boero, F., Bouillon, J. & Danovaro, R. (1987) The life cycle of Tiaropsidium roseum (Tiaropsidae fam. nov., Leptomedusae, Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology, 4, 293 - 302.", "Clark, S. F. (1875) Descriptions of new and rare species of hydroids from the New England coast. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 3, 58 - 66.", "Forbes, E. (1848) A monograph of the British naked-eyed medusae: with figures of all the species. Ray Society, London, 104 pp.", "Sars, G. O. (1874) Bidrag til kundskaben om norges hydroider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, 1873, 91 - 150.", "Kramp, P. L. (1930) Hydromedusae collected in the south-western part of the North Sea and in the eastern part of the Channel in 1903 - 1914. Memoires du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 45, 1 - 55.", "Bouillon, J. & Barnett, T. J. (1999) The marine fauna of New Zealand: hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoir, 113, 1 - 136.", "Haeckel, E. (1879) Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 1, 1 - 360.", "Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Pars II. Editio duodecima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 533 - 1317.", "Kramp, P. L. (1913) Hydroids collected by the \" Tjalfe \" expedition to the west coast of Greenland in 1908 and 1909. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KObenhavn, 66, 1 - 36.", "Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469.", "Yamada, M. & Hirano, Y. (1983) Records of two hydromedusae from Akkeshi Bay. Proceedings of the Japanese Society for Systematic Zoology, 25, 7 - 10.", "Antsulevich, A. E. (2015) Hydrozoa (hydroids and hydromedusae) of Russian seas. St. Petersburg University Press, St. Petersburg, 860 pp. [in Russian]"]} |
---|