Beroe pseudocucumis Shiganova & Abyzova 2022, SP. NOV.

• Main Authors: Shiganova, Tamara A., Abyzova, Galina A.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2021
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Ctenophora; Nuda; Beroida; Beroidae; Beroe; Beroe pseudocucumis; Ayon; Combs; Drygalski; Greenland; Indian; Lombard; Mercado; Pacific; Reimer; North West Atlantic
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799220; https://zenodo.org/record/5799220

BEROE PSEUDOCUCUMIS SP. NOV. Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank. org:act: 87D103FA-F278-4D2F-B206- 0AAF96632F0C Synonyms: Beroe ovata of Eschscholtz, 1829); Beroe cucumis sensu Mayer (of Bayha et al. , 2004) Etymology: From Latin cucumis , cucumber, and the Greek prefix ψευδο-, false, because the name B. cucumis had been misapplied to this species in the past. The body is long-oval, from slightly flattened to nearly circular in cross-section, l/w: 2.0–3.0, with length up to three times longer than the width, which is specific for this species. The aboral end and oral part is rounded, which is specific for this species (Fig. 5). Adult length varies from 50 to 160 mm. The eight meridional canals lie under eight rows of ciliary combs, which extend for three-quarters of the length from aboral pole towards the mouth or, sometimes, further (Fig. 5A, B). Lateral branches of the meridional canals (diverticulae) are dense (which is unique in this species) and do not anastomose with each other (Fig. 5C). Stomodaeum is voluminous and occupies most of the body (four-fifths). The colour is pink or translucent, being slightly pink along the ciliary comb rows. There is an axial funnel tube; the aboral pole is fringed with a row of long, branched papillae, which is also specific for this species (Fig. 5D). This new species differs from Beroe cucumis by its long body (up to three times longer compared to width), the roundish shape of the mouth, the dense diverticulae that do not anastomose with each other. Its stomodaeum is large and constitutes four-fifths of the width of the body. There is an axial funnel tube and an aboral pole with a row of long, branched, aboral papillae (Fig. 5). Reliable identification may only prove reliable thorough morphological examination of adult individuals and DNA analyses. Geographical distribution: This species occurs in warm waters. Genetically its occurrence was confirmed off Villefranche sur Mer (Ligurian Sea) and the Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean), the north-eastern Pacific off the Californian coast and in the north-west Atlantic at Woods Hole, Massachusetts (Podar et al. , 2001; Bayha et al. , 2004; Johansson et al. , 2018; this study). The species is also known from morphological studies in the Mediterranean Sea (Chun, 1880; Mertens, 1833; Galil & Gevili, 2013; Shiganova & Malej, 2009). In an extensive study of warm-water ctenophores, Harbison et al. (1978) showed that Beroe cucumis is widespread also in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic. However, he highlighted (Harbison, 2001) that the species he called Beroe cucumis sensu Mayer after Harbison et al. (1978), is not the same as the one from Greenland described by Fabricius (1780). The same opinion was expressed by Wrobel & Mills (1998) after study of individuals from the Pacific coast of the USA. We suppose that all these individuals listed as B. cucumis , but found outside the cold-water areas, belong to Beroe pseudocucumis : Spanish coast, Madeira, the Canary Islands, the Caribbean and from the east coast of the USA to southern Brazil (Bayha et al. , 2004; Oliveira & Migotto, 2006; Moss, 2009; Oliveira et al. , 2016). A few studies mentioned similar individuals from the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea (Harbison et al. , 1978; Gul & Jahangir, 2019). It is highly likely that these also are the warm-water Beroe pseudocucumis , also inhabiting the Indo-Pacific (von Drygalski, 1909; Bigelow, 1919). Habitat: Warm water, inshore and offshore (F. Lombard, pers. comm; Shiganova & Malej, 2009.); widespread in tropical and subtropical waters. : Published as part of Shiganova, Tamara A. & Abyzova, Galina A., 2022, Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology, pp. 297-322 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 on pages 306-307, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab021, http://zenodo.org/record/5799206 : {"references": ["Eschscholtz R. 1829. System der Acalephen. Eine ausfuhrliche Beschreibung aller Medusenartigen Strahlthiere. Berlin: F. Dummler, 190.", "Bayha KM, Harbison GR, Mcdonald, JH, Gaffney PM. 2004. Preliminary investigation on the molecular systematics of the invasive ctenophore Beroe ovata. In: Dumont H, Shiganova TA, Niermann U, eds. Aquatic invasions in the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. Dordrecht: Springer, 167 - 175.", "Shiganova TA, Malej A. 2009. Native and non-native ctenophores in the Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea. Journal of Plankton Research 31: 61 - 71.", "Shiganova TA, Riisgard HU, Ghabooli S, Tendal OS. 2014 b. First report on Beroe ovata in an unusual mixture of ctenophores in the Great Belt (Denmark). Aquatic Invasions 9: 111 - 116.", "Podar M, Haddock SH, Sogin ML, Harbison GR. 2001. A molecular phylogenetic framework for the phylum Ctenophora using 18 S rRNA genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21: 218 - 230.", "Johansson ML, Shiganova TA, Ringvold H, Stupnikova AN, Heath DD, MacIsaac HJ. 2018. Molecular insights into the ctenophore genus Beroe in Europe: new species, spreading invaders. Journal of Heredity 109: 520 - 529.", "Chun C. 1880. Die Ctenophoren des Golfes von Neapel. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel vol. 1. Berlin: R. Friedlander & Sohn, 313.", "Mertens H. 1833. Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen uber die beroeartigen Akalephen. Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg 2: 479 - 543.", "Galil BS, Gevili R. 2013. A moveable feast: Beroe cucumis sensu Mayer, 1912 (Ctenophora; Beroida; Beroidae) preying on Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 (Ctenophora; Lobata; Bolinopsidae) off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. BioInvasions Records 2: 191 - 194.", "Harbison GR, Madin LP, Swanberg NR. 1978. On the natural history and distribution of oceanic ctenophores. Deep Sea Research 25: 233 - 256.", "Harbison GR. 2001. A guide to American species of ctenophores introduced into the Black and Mediterranean Seas. Naples: CIESM Workshop.", "Fabricius, O. 1780. Fauna Groenlandica. Copenhagen and Leipzig: J. G. Rothe, 450.", "Wrobel D, Mills C. 1998. Pacific coast pelagic invertebrates. A guide to the common gelatinous animals. Monterey: Sea Challengers & Monterey Bay Aquarium.", "Oliveira OM, Migotto AE. 2006. Pelagic ctenophores from the Sao Sebastiao Channel, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 1183: 1 - 26.", "Moss AG. 2009. Ctenophora of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder DL, Camp DK, eds. Gulf of Mexico - origins, waters, and biota. Biodiversity. College Station, Texas: Texas A & M University Press, 403 - 411.", "Oliveira OM, Miranda TP, Araujo EM, Ayon P, Cedeno- Posso CM, Cepeda-Mercado AA, Cordova P, Cunha AF, Genzano GN, Haddad MA, Mianzan HW. 2016. Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa 4194: 1 - 256.", "Gul S, Jahangir S. 2019. First occurrence of Pleurobrachia pileus (O. F. Muller, 1776) and sighting records of four other species of comb jellies (Ctenophora) from the coast of Pakistan (northern Arabian Sea): a brief account. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 16: 991 - 993.", "von Drygalski E. 1909. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901 - 1903: im Auftrage des Reichsamtes des Innern 4. Berlin: G. Reimer.", "Bigelow HB. 1919. Hydromedusae, siphonophores, and ctenophores of the ' Albatross' Philippine expedition. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office."]}