Scale Analysis in the Framework of Optimization of Energy Production at the Soultz-sous- Forêts EGS Site
In order to increase the production of energy at the Soultz-sous-Forêts power plant (Rhine Graben, France), a prototype heat exchanger in which 10% of the whole water flow was diverted has been tested for decreasing the temperature from 70°C to 40°C. After 3 months of operation, it was opened for sa...
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5786687 2023-05-15T16:53:12+02:00 Scale Analysis in the Framework of Optimization of Energy Production at the Soultz-sous- Forêts EGS Site Ledésert, Béatrice A. Sengelen, Xavier Hébert, Ronan L. Seibel, Olivier Mouchot, Justine Bosia, Clio Ravier, Guillaume 2021 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5786687 https://zenodo.org/record/5786687 en eng Zenodo https://zenodo.org/communities/eu_project_meet https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5786688 https://zenodo.org/communities/eu_project_meet Open Access Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode cc-by-nc-sa-4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY-NC-SA Soultz-sous-Forêts heat exchanger scales chemistry scanning electron microscope ConferencePaper Article 2021 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5786687 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5786688 2022-02-08T17:14:05Z In order to increase the production of energy at the Soultz-sous-Forêts power plant (Rhine Graben, France), a prototype heat exchanger in which 10% of the whole water flow was diverted has been tested for decreasing the temperature from 70°C to 40°C. After 3 months of operation, it was opened for sampling of scales (deposited in the tubes and water boxes) and study of corrosion. The prototype heat exchanger has been designed with 6 different metallurgies (1.4539, 1.4547, 1.4462, 1.4410, 2.4858, TiGr.2) as described by Ravier et al. (2019). Due to high service conditions (150°C and 25 bar, high salinity brine) and the risk of scale formation, all the geothermal plants in operation in the Rhine Graben are designed with shell and tube heat exchangers. The prototype heat exchanger was designed according to this technology. The alloy 1.4410 is the steel alloy currently used in the heat exchangers of the Soultz industrial power plant. The other metallurgies were already tested in extreme conditions in Iceland (Karlsdottir et al., 2014; 2015) and gave good results. The aim of this work is to present chemistry data about scales related to the different metallurgies, acquired with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS; reference sample), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF; 6 metallurgies tested during 3 months) and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with an Energy Dispersive Sprectrometer (SEM-EDS; all samples). The reference sample (obtained in normal industrial conditions in contact with 1.4410 alloy) contains mainly Pb (70%), Sb, As, S, Na, Fe and Ca. In Ti metallurgy, small spheres bearing Ti (probably TiO 2 ) are found in the scales at both the contact with tube and with the fluid whatever the temperature tested; when the temperature is lowered, the amount of Ti in the scales, obtained by XRF, decreases. As and Sb tend to increase in scales when the temperature decreases, whatever the metallurgy, while Pb and Cu tend to decrease, or decrease and then increase, depending on the metallurgy. According to XRF data, the chemistry of scales reflects only partly that of the metallurgy with which they are in contact. Constant features are encountered by SEM-EDS in all the scale samples at 60°C whatever the metallurgy: 1) granular matrix in contact with the fluid, containing Pb, S, As, Sb, 2) NaCl cubes either as big square patches embedded in the granular matrix or as small cubes protruding out of the surface (either in contact with the tube or with the brine). The scales for which a section could be obtained show a thickness of approximately 30-40µm over the 3-month test, that is to say about 10-13µm per month. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
English |
topic |
Soultz-sous-Forêts heat exchanger scales chemistry scanning electron microscope |
spellingShingle |
Soultz-sous-Forêts heat exchanger scales chemistry scanning electron microscope Ledésert, Béatrice A. Sengelen, Xavier Hébert, Ronan L. Seibel, Olivier Mouchot, Justine Bosia, Clio Ravier, Guillaume Scale Analysis in the Framework of Optimization of Energy Production at the Soultz-sous- Forêts EGS Site |
topic_facet |
Soultz-sous-Forêts heat exchanger scales chemistry scanning electron microscope |
description |
In order to increase the production of energy at the Soultz-sous-Forêts power plant (Rhine Graben, France), a prototype heat exchanger in which 10% of the whole water flow was diverted has been tested for decreasing the temperature from 70°C to 40°C. After 3 months of operation, it was opened for sampling of scales (deposited in the tubes and water boxes) and study of corrosion. The prototype heat exchanger has been designed with 6 different metallurgies (1.4539, 1.4547, 1.4462, 1.4410, 2.4858, TiGr.2) as described by Ravier et al. (2019). Due to high service conditions (150°C and 25 bar, high salinity brine) and the risk of scale formation, all the geothermal plants in operation in the Rhine Graben are designed with shell and tube heat exchangers. The prototype heat exchanger was designed according to this technology. The alloy 1.4410 is the steel alloy currently used in the heat exchangers of the Soultz industrial power plant. The other metallurgies were already tested in extreme conditions in Iceland (Karlsdottir et al., 2014; 2015) and gave good results. The aim of this work is to present chemistry data about scales related to the different metallurgies, acquired with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS; reference sample), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF; 6 metallurgies tested during 3 months) and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with an Energy Dispersive Sprectrometer (SEM-EDS; all samples). The reference sample (obtained in normal industrial conditions in contact with 1.4410 alloy) contains mainly Pb (70%), Sb, As, S, Na, Fe and Ca. In Ti metallurgy, small spheres bearing Ti (probably TiO 2 ) are found in the scales at both the contact with tube and with the fluid whatever the temperature tested; when the temperature is lowered, the amount of Ti in the scales, obtained by XRF, decreases. As and Sb tend to increase in scales when the temperature decreases, whatever the metallurgy, while Pb and Cu tend to decrease, or decrease and then increase, depending on the metallurgy. According to XRF data, the chemistry of scales reflects only partly that of the metallurgy with which they are in contact. Constant features are encountered by SEM-EDS in all the scale samples at 60°C whatever the metallurgy: 1) granular matrix in contact with the fluid, containing Pb, S, As, Sb, 2) NaCl cubes either as big square patches embedded in the granular matrix or as small cubes protruding out of the surface (either in contact with the tube or with the brine). The scales for which a section could be obtained show a thickness of approximately 30-40µm over the 3-month test, that is to say about 10-13µm per month. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ledésert, Béatrice A. Sengelen, Xavier Hébert, Ronan L. Seibel, Olivier Mouchot, Justine Bosia, Clio Ravier, Guillaume |
author_facet |
Ledésert, Béatrice A. Sengelen, Xavier Hébert, Ronan L. Seibel, Olivier Mouchot, Justine Bosia, Clio Ravier, Guillaume |
author_sort |
Ledésert, Béatrice A. |
title |
Scale Analysis in the Framework of Optimization of Energy Production at the Soultz-sous- Forêts EGS Site |
title_short |
Scale Analysis in the Framework of Optimization of Energy Production at the Soultz-sous- Forêts EGS Site |
title_full |
Scale Analysis in the Framework of Optimization of Energy Production at the Soultz-sous- Forêts EGS Site |
title_fullStr |
Scale Analysis in the Framework of Optimization of Energy Production at the Soultz-sous- Forêts EGS Site |
title_full_unstemmed |
Scale Analysis in the Framework of Optimization of Energy Production at the Soultz-sous- Forêts EGS Site |
title_sort |
scale analysis in the framework of optimization of energy production at the soultz-sous- forêts egs site |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5786687 https://zenodo.org/record/5786687 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
https://zenodo.org/communities/eu_project_meet https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5786688 https://zenodo.org/communities/eu_project_meet |
op_rights |
Open Access Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode cc-by-nc-sa-4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-SA |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5786687 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5786688 |
_version_ |
1766043707948138496 |