Trichobranchidae Malmgren 1866
Family Trichobranchidae Malmgren, 1866 Figs 1A, 7–8 Diagnosis (after Hutchings et al. 2021a, most important diagnostic characters highlighted in bold) Transverse prostomium attached to dorsal surface of upper lip; basal part as thick crest, eyespots sometimes present; distal part at base of upper li...
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Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5784419 https://zenodo.org/record/5784419 |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Trichobranchidae |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Trichobranchidae Lavesque, Nicolas Hutchings, Pat Londoño-Mesa, Mario H. Nogueira, João M. M. Daffe, Guillemine Nygren, Arne Blanchet, Hugues Bonifácio, Paulo Broudin, Caroline Dauvin, Jean-Claude Droual, Gabin Gouillieux, Benoit Grall, Jacques Guyonnet, Benjamin Houbin, Céline Humbert, Suzie Janson, Anne-Laure Jourde, Jérôme Labrune, Céline Lamarque, Bastien Latry, Lise Garrec, Vincent Le Pelaprat, Corine Pezy, Jean-Philippe Sauriau, Pierre-Guy Montaudouin, Xavier De Trichobranchidae Malmgren 1866 |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Trichobranchidae |
description |
Family Trichobranchidae Malmgren, 1866 Figs 1A, 7–8 Diagnosis (after Hutchings et al. 2021a, most important diagnostic characters highlighted in bold) Transverse prostomium attached to dorsal surface of upper lip; basal part as thick crest, eyespots sometimes present; distal part at base of upper lip or extending along lip. Buccal tentacles of two types, uniformly cylindrical and expanded at tips, spatulate. Peristomium forming lips, sometimes also a ventral lobe, as an extension of the lower lip; lips expanded, circular upper lip, distal margin folded or convoluted; lower lip button-like, usually continuing by ventral lobe, or expanded, forming large scoop-shaped process (Figs 7A–C, 8A, C–D). Segment I usually short, frequently only visible ventrally; anterior margin of anterior segments with lobes as low, even-length collars covering posterior margins of preceding segments, at least ventrally; ventro-lateral or lateral lobes on anterior segments sometimes present. Anterior segments poorly glandular ventrally, smooth, discrete shields absent; midventral groove extending from posterior segments with notopodia. Two to four pairs of branchiae , beginning from SGII, each pair with single, thick and elongate, tapered or foliaceous filament, or two pairs fused in single four lobed structure originating mid-dorsally between SGII–III or II–IV (Figs 7C, 8C–D). Notopodia beginning from SGIII–VI, typically terminating at SGXX; short, conical notopodia, chaetae emerging from central core on top, distal lobes absent; narrowly-winged notochaetae in both rows throughout. Neuropodia beginning on same segment as notopodia or slightly posteriorly, rarely beginning before notopodia; sessile neuropodia until termination of notopodia, neurochaetae emerging directly from body wall, as rectangular to foliaceous pinnules after termination of notopodia; thoracic neurochaetae as acicular uncini (Figs 1A, 7D, 8F), sometimes with small hood or beard below main fang; avicular abdominal uncini, with secondary teeth in rows on top and laterally to main fang. Nephridial papillae on SGIII usually present, other papillae sometimes present on SGVI and SGVII, but reduced to inconspicuous in most taxa. Pygidium smooth to slightly crenulate, sometimes bilobed. Remarks In the past, the Trichobranchidae family was considered to be a subfamily of Terebellidae (Fauvel 1927; Day 1967; Garrafoni & Lana 2004), but recent phylogenetic analyses support the hypothesis of a valid family (Glasby et al. 2004; Nogueira et al. 2013). The family includes only three genera, i.e., Octobranchus Marion & Bobretzky, 1875, Terebellides Sars, 1835, and Trichobranchus Malmgren, 1866. For Trichobranchus and Octobranchus , only three species of each occur in Europe. The genus Terebellides is very speciose and is represented in Europe by 19 species, 13 of them described in the last two years (Lavesque et al. 2019b; Parapar et al. 2020a) (Table 1). Main morphological characters for European species The number of branchiae is the best character to discriminate the different genera, with Terebellides having a single large branchia, Trichobranchus with two or three pairs of branchiae and finally Octobranchus with four pairs. Trichobranchus species are easy to differentiate based on the number of branchiae (two vs three) (Figs 7C, 8C) and the absence or presence of eyespots. In Octobranchus , the species differ by the shape of the branchiae (Fig. 8D) and the number of secondary teeth above the main fang of the uncini. Regarding Terebellides species, recent studies highlighted that several characters are very important for identification to the species level (Lavesque et al. 2019a; Parapar et al. 2020a, 2020b). However, as many cryptic species occur at a small geographical scale (Nygren et al. 2018), which currently are confirmed only by molecular analyses (Parapar et al. 2020a) much more work needs to be done to resolve all the species present. BRANCHIAE. Even if Terebellides branchiae seem to be very similar within the genus (Figs 7A–B, 8A–B), several morphological characters permit the discrimination of species, such as the presence of a fifth anterior branchial lobe (e.g., T. europaea ), the degree of fusion of both upper and lower lobes (e.g.. not fused on T. ceneresi ), the presence of long terminal filaments (e.g., in T. shetlandica ) or short posterior processes (Fig. 7B), and finally the presence and the shape of papillae situated on the margins of the branchial lamellae (Fig. 8B) (e.g., T. lilasae ). NOTOCHAETAE FROM FIRST CHAETIGER. The size of notochaetae of the first chaetiger varies between species. For most of the species, these chaetae are of a similar size compared to those of the following chaetigers. However, they can be absent or much shorter (e.g., T. ceneresi ) or much longer (e.g., T. mediterranea ). PRESENCE OF GENICULATE CHAETAE ON ONE OR TWO CHAETIGERS. The geniculate chaetae are exclusive to members of Terebellides and they are typically present on CH 6 (SG VIII) only (Fig. 8E), but in some species they are present on two chaetigers, as for example in T. bigeniculatus . UNCINI DENTICULATION. The different types of uncini follow the classifications provided by Parapar et al . (2020b) for thoracic uncini (Fig. 8F) and Parapar et al. (2020a) for abdominal uncini. These classifications are based on the ratio between the length of the main fang (rostrum) and the crest of secondary teeth (capitium), and the size and number of the secondary teeth. THORACIC CILIATED PAPILLAE. Following the recent study of Parapar et al. (2020a), the absence or the presence of thoracic ciliated papillae allow for the discrimination of Terebellides species. These papillae are situated dorsally to the thoracic notopodia (see for example Parapar et al. 2020a; Fig. 7B). METHYL GREEN PATTERN. The colouration of Terebellides specimens prior to identification is essential. Indeed, MG staining highlights the presence and the shape of the glandular region of the third thoracic chaetiger (e.g., undulating glandular region present and in members of T. gentili, oval for T. lilasae Fig. 7B) and the compact/striped pattern of the ventral part of anterior chaetigers (e.g., CH 4 (SG VI) white in T. ceneresi ). Key to European species of Trichobranchidae (after Lavesque et al. 2019a and Parapar et al. 2020a) 1. One large branchia consisting of a stem and four lobes with transverse lamellae.....5 ( Terebellides ) – Two or three pairs of branchiae........................................................................... 2 ( Trichobranchus ) – Four pairs of branchiae........................................................................................... 4 ( Octobranchus ) 2. Two pairs of branchiae...................................................................................................................... 3 – Three pairs of branchiae, eyespots present................................................................................................................................................................................. Trichobranchus glacialis Malmgren, 1866 3. Eyespots absent......................................................................... Trichobranchus roseus Malm, 1874 – Eyespots present.................................................................................................................................... Trichobranchus demontaudouini Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 4. Pairs of branchiae of different shapes; abdominal uncini with three rows of secondary teeth above the main fang..................................................... Octobranchus floriceps Kingston & Mackie, 1980 – All pairs of branchiae similar; abdominal uncini with two rows of secondary teeth above the main fang..................................................................................... Octobranchus lingulatus (Grube, 1863) – Bases of branchiae covered by dorso-lateral lobes, abdominal uncini with two rows of secondary teeth above the main fang.............................. Octobranchus sikorskii (Leontovich & Jirkov. 2001) 5. Geniculate acicular chaetae on CH 5 (SG VII) and CH 6 (SG VIII)............................................................................................................. Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira & Helgason, 2011 – Geniculate acicular chaetae on CH 6 (SG VI) only........................................................................... 6 6. Branchial lamellae without marginal papillae.................................................................................. 7 – Branchial lamellae with marginal papillae..................................................................................... 15 7. Lower branchial lobes with long filaments....................................................................................... 8 – Lower branchial lobes with or without short projections................................................................. 9 8. Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) present; branchial lamellae pointed; notochaetae from CH 1 longer than following ones; dorsal papillae absent............................................................................................................... Terebellides parapari Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 – Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) absent; branchial lamellae rounded; all notochaetae equal-sized; dorsal papillae present........................ Terebellides shetlandica Parapar, Moreira & O’Reilly, 2016 9. Ventral white band present on CH 4 (SG VI) after MG staining..................................................... 10 – No distinct pattern on CH 4 (SG VI) after MG staining...................................................................11 10. Large species (> 30 mm); 5 th branchial lobe present; notochaetae of CH 1 (SG III) similar to following ones; main fang of thoracic uncini straight.................................... Terebellides gracilis Malm, 1874 – Small species (<20 mm); 5 th branchial lobe absent; notochaetae of CH 1 (SG III) absent or shorter than following ones; main fang of thoracic uncini ‘eagle head’ (= curved) shaped................................................... Terebellides ceneresi Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 11. First notopodia and notochaetae longer than following ones............................................................................................................................... Terebellides mediterranea Parapar, Mikac & Fiege, 2013 – First notopodia and notochaetae similar or shorter than following ones........................................ 12 12. Large-sized species (> 50 mm); dorsal rounded projections on CH 1– CH 5 conspicuous............... 13 – Small-sized species (<20 mm); dorsal rounded projections on CH 1– CH 5 absent; main fang of thoracic uncini straight................................................................................................................... 14 13. Abdominal uncini of type 1 (length of capitium about 0.7 length of the main fang, capitium simple consisting of a few, wide denticles).................................................................................................................................................... Terebellides kongsrudi Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 and Terebellides bakkeni Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 complex – Abdominal uncini of type 2 (capitium of about same length as main fang, capitium complex composed of a first row of 4(5) denticles and a variable number of teeth in two more rows)..................................................................................................................... Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 14. Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) and 5 th branchial lobe both absent................................................................................................................................................... Terebellides atlantis Williams, 1984 – Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) and 5 th branchial lobe both present............................................................................ Terebellides gralli Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 15. Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) rounded or oval......................................................................... 16 – Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) otherwise.................................................................................. 17 16. Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) staining in white, branchial lamellae with rounded papillae, CH 1– 3 without conspicuous dorsal projection....................................................................................................................... Terebellides lilasae Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 – Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) staining in blue, branchial lamellae with conical papillae, CH 1–3 with conspicuous dorsal projection................................................................................................................................ Terebellides bonifi Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 17. Most branchial lamellae with marginal papillae............................................................................. 18 – Only anterior branchial lamellae with marginal papillae................................................................ 19 18. Branchial lamellae with digitiform papillae, upper lip elongated; MG staining pattern as compact bands from CH 1–5.................................................................................................................................................... Terebellides resomari Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 – Branchial lamellae with widely spaced, small and elongated digitiform papillae; MG staining pattern leaving white stripes from CH 1–5................................................................................................................................ Terebellides gentili Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 19. Thoracic uncini type 1 (main fang vs capitium length ratio 2(3)/1; capitium with 2(3) large teeth, following ones much smaller).................................................................................................................................................................. Terebellides ronningae Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 – Thoracic uncini type 3 (main fang vs. capitium length ratio 1/1; capitium with 4(5) mid-sized teeth, following ones slightly smaller)..................................................................................................... 20 20. Deep-water species, mostly found below 200 m deep.............................................................................................................................. Terebellides norvegica Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 – Shallow-water species, mostly found above 100 m deep.................................................................................. Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 and Terebellides scotica Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 complex : Published as part of Lavesque, Nicolas, Hutchings, Pat, Londoño-Mesa, Mario H., Nogueira, João M. M., Daffe, Guillemine, Nygren, Arne, Blanchet, Hugues, Bonifácio, Paulo, Broudin, Caroline, Dauvin, Jean-Claude, Droual, Gabin, Gouillieux, Benoit, Grall, Jacques, Guyonnet, Benjamin, Houbin, Céline, Humbert, Suzie, Janson, Anne-Laure, Jourde, Jérôme, Labrune, Céline, Lamarque, Bastien, Latry, Lise, Garrec, Vincent Le, Pelaprat, Corine, Pezy, Jean-Philippe, Sauriau, Pierre-Guy & Montaudouin, Xavier De, 2021, The " Spaghetti Project ": the final identification guide to European Terebellidae (sensu lato) (Annelida, Terebelliformia), pp. 108-156 in European Journal of Taxonomy 782 (1) on pages 136-141, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.782.1593, http://zenodo.org/record/5781605 : {"references": ["Malmgren A. J. 1866. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 22: 355 - 410. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / part / 244483 [accessed 8 Nov. 2021].", "Hutchings P., Nogueira J. M. N. & Carrerette O. 2021 a. Terebellidae Johnston, 1846. In: Schmidt- Rhaesa A. Hr., Beutel R. G., Glaubrecht M., Kristensen N. P., Prendini L., Purschke G., Richter S., Westheide, W. & Leschen R. Z. E. (eds) Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom: 1 - 64. Walter de Gruyter & Co, Berlin.", "Fauvel P. 1927. Polychetes Sedentaires. Addenda aux Errantes, Archiannelides, Myzostomaires. Faune de France 16, Lechevalier, Paris.", "Day J. H. 1967. A Monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Part 2. Sedentaria. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8596", "Glasby C. J., Hutchings P. & Hall K. 2004. Assessment of monophyly and taxon affinities within the polychaete clade Terebelliformia (Terebellida). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84: 961 - 971. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315404010252 h", "Nogueira J. M. M., Fitzhugh K. & Hutchings P. 2013. The continuing challenge of phylogenetic relationships in Terebelliformia (Annelida: Polychaeta). Invertebrate Systematics 27: 186 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 12062.", "Marion A. F. & Bobretzky N. V. 1875. Etude des Annelides du Golfe de Marseille. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Sixieme Serie 2: 1 - 106. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33155516 [accessed 8 Nov. 2021].", "Sars M. 1835. Beskrivelser og Iagttagelser over nogle maerkelige eller nye i Havet ved den Bergenske Kyst Levende Dyr af Polypernes, Acalephernes, Radiaternes, Annelidernes og Molluskernes classer, med en kort Oversigt over de hidtil af Forfatteren sammesteds fundne Arter og deres Forekommen. T. Hallager, Bergen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13017", "Lavesque N., Daffe G., Grall J., Zanol J., Gouillieux B., Hutchings P. 2019 b. Guess who? On the importance of using appropriate name: case study of Marphysa sanguinea (Montagu, 1813). ZooKeys 859: 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 859.34117", "Parapar J., Capa M., Nygren A. & Moreira J. 2020 a. To name but a few: descriptions of five new species of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) from the North East Atlantic. ZooKeys 992: 1 - 58. https: // doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 992.55977", "Lavesque N., Hutchings P., Daffe G., Nygren A. & Londono-Mesa M. H. 2019 a. A revision of the French Trichobranchidae (Polychaeta), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 4664 (2): 151 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4664.2.1", "Parapar J., Martin D. & Moreira J. 2020 b. On the diversity of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) in West Africa, seven new species and the redescription of T. africana Augener, 1918 stat. prom. Zootaxa 4771 (1): 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4771.1.1.", "Nygren A., Parapar J., Pons J., Meissner K., Bakken T., Kongsrud J. A., Oug E., Gaev D., Sikorski A., Johansen R. A., Hutchings P., Lavesque N. & Capa M. 2018. A megacryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLoS One 13 (6): e 0198356. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0198356", "Grube A. E. 1863. Beschreibung neuer oder wenig bekannter Anneliden. Sechster Beitrag. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 29: 37 - 69. Available from https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9306 [accessed 8 Nov. 2021].", "Malm A. W. 1874. Annulata i hafvet utmed Sveriges westkust och omkring Goteborg. Goteborgs Koniglich vetenskaps - och vitterhetssamhalles handlingar [Zoologiska observationer. VII.] 14: 67 - 105.", "Kingston P. F. & Mackie A. S. Y. 1980. Octobranchus floriceps sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) from the northern North Sea with a re-examination of O. antarcticus Monro. Sarsia 65: 249 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.1980.10431487", "Parapar J., Moreira J. & Helgason G. V. 2011. Taxonomy and distribution of Terebellides (Polychaeta, Trichobranchidae) in Icelandic waters, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 2983 (1): 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2983.1.1", "Parapar J., Moreira J. & O'Reilly M. 2016. A new species of Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) from Scottish waters with an insight into branchial morphology. Marine Biodiversity 46 (3): 211 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 015 - 0353 - 5", "Parapar J., Mikac B. & Fiege D. 2013. Diversity of the genus Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) in the Adriatic Sea with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3691 (3): 333 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.3.3", "Williams S. J. 1984. The status of Terebellides stroemi (Polychaeta; Trichobranchidae) as a cosmopolitan species, based on a worldwide morphological survey, including description of new species. In: Hutchings P. A. (ed.) Proceedings of the First International Polychaete Conference, Sydney, Australia, 1984: 118 - 142. The Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Lavesque, Nicolas Hutchings, Pat Londoño-Mesa, Mario H. Nogueira, João M. M. Daffe, Guillemine Nygren, Arne Blanchet, Hugues Bonifácio, Paulo Broudin, Caroline Dauvin, Jean-Claude Droual, Gabin Gouillieux, Benoit Grall, Jacques Guyonnet, Benjamin Houbin, Céline Humbert, Suzie Janson, Anne-Laure Jourde, Jérôme Labrune, Céline Lamarque, Bastien Latry, Lise Garrec, Vincent Le Pelaprat, Corine Pezy, Jean-Philippe Sauriau, Pierre-Guy Montaudouin, Xavier De |
author_facet |
Lavesque, Nicolas Hutchings, Pat Londoño-Mesa, Mario H. Nogueira, João M. M. Daffe, Guillemine Nygren, Arne Blanchet, Hugues Bonifácio, Paulo Broudin, Caroline Dauvin, Jean-Claude Droual, Gabin Gouillieux, Benoit Grall, Jacques Guyonnet, Benjamin Houbin, Céline Humbert, Suzie Janson, Anne-Laure Jourde, Jérôme Labrune, Céline Lamarque, Bastien Latry, Lise Garrec, Vincent Le Pelaprat, Corine Pezy, Jean-Philippe Sauriau, Pierre-Guy Montaudouin, Xavier De |
author_sort |
Lavesque, Nicolas |
title |
Trichobranchidae Malmgren 1866 |
title_short |
Trichobranchidae Malmgren 1866 |
title_full |
Trichobranchidae Malmgren 1866 |
title_fullStr |
Trichobranchidae Malmgren 1866 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Trichobranchidae Malmgren 1866 |
title_sort |
trichobranchidae malmgren 1866 |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5784419 https://zenodo.org/record/5784419 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(67.217,67.217,-70.544,-70.544) ENVELOPE(167.217,167.217,-77.483,-77.483) ENVELOPE(-26.333,-26.333,-58.417,-58.417) ENVELOPE(-66.117,-66.117,-65.750,-65.750) ENVELOPE(-159.667,-159.667,-86.333,-86.333) ENVELOPE(13.400,13.400,65.585,65.585) ENVELOPE(12.222,12.222,65.323,65.323) ENVELOPE(-63.350,-63.350,-64.767,-64.767) ENVELOPE(-57.248,-57.248,51.567,51.567) ENVELOPE(14.225,14.225,67.053,67.053) |
geographic |
Bergen Johansen Fang Montagu Malmgren Kristensen Bakken Malm Laure Eagle Head Hallager |
geographic_facet |
Bergen Johansen Fang Montagu Malmgren Kristensen Bakken Malm Laure Eagle Head Hallager |
genre |
Antarc* antarcticus North East Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* antarcticus North East Atlantic |
op_relation |
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op_rights |
Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5784419 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.782.1593 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5781607 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5781619 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5781621 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5784418 |
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1766264123711029248 |
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5784419 2023-05-15T13:56:35+02:00 Trichobranchidae Malmgren 1866 Lavesque, Nicolas Hutchings, Pat Londoño-Mesa, Mario H. Nogueira, João M. M. Daffe, Guillemine Nygren, Arne Blanchet, Hugues Bonifácio, Paulo Broudin, Caroline Dauvin, Jean-Claude Droual, Gabin Gouillieux, Benoit Grall, Jacques Guyonnet, Benjamin Houbin, Céline Humbert, Suzie Janson, Anne-Laure Jourde, Jérôme Labrune, Céline Lamarque, Bastien Latry, Lise Garrec, Vincent Le Pelaprat, Corine Pezy, Jean-Philippe Sauriau, Pierre-Guy Montaudouin, Xavier De 2021 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5784419 https://zenodo.org/record/5784419 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/5781605 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FF9DDA11793D6119192BFFA08F1A637B http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7243F7793561111991FD8D8E8161E2 http://zoobank.org/510DE23F-4CE5-4DDF-B1E7-CA8346AA4F5F https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.782.1593 http://zenodo.org/record/5781605 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FF9DDA11793D6119192BFFA08F1A637B https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5781607 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5781619 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5781621 http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7243F7793561111991FD8D8E8161E2 http://zoobank.org/510DE23F-4CE5-4DDF-B1E7-CA8346AA4F5F https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5784418 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC0 Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Trichobranchidae Taxonomic treatment article-journal Text ScholarlyArticle 2021 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5784419 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.782.1593 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5781607 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5781619 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5781621 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5784418 2022-02-08T17:05:41Z Family Trichobranchidae Malmgren, 1866 Figs 1A, 7–8 Diagnosis (after Hutchings et al. 2021a, most important diagnostic characters highlighted in bold) Transverse prostomium attached to dorsal surface of upper lip; basal part as thick crest, eyespots sometimes present; distal part at base of upper lip or extending along lip. Buccal tentacles of two types, uniformly cylindrical and expanded at tips, spatulate. Peristomium forming lips, sometimes also a ventral lobe, as an extension of the lower lip; lips expanded, circular upper lip, distal margin folded or convoluted; lower lip button-like, usually continuing by ventral lobe, or expanded, forming large scoop-shaped process (Figs 7A–C, 8A, C–D). Segment I usually short, frequently only visible ventrally; anterior margin of anterior segments with lobes as low, even-length collars covering posterior margins of preceding segments, at least ventrally; ventro-lateral or lateral lobes on anterior segments sometimes present. Anterior segments poorly glandular ventrally, smooth, discrete shields absent; midventral groove extending from posterior segments with notopodia. Two to four pairs of branchiae , beginning from SGII, each pair with single, thick and elongate, tapered or foliaceous filament, or two pairs fused in single four lobed structure originating mid-dorsally between SGII–III or II–IV (Figs 7C, 8C–D). Notopodia beginning from SGIII–VI, typically terminating at SGXX; short, conical notopodia, chaetae emerging from central core on top, distal lobes absent; narrowly-winged notochaetae in both rows throughout. Neuropodia beginning on same segment as notopodia or slightly posteriorly, rarely beginning before notopodia; sessile neuropodia until termination of notopodia, neurochaetae emerging directly from body wall, as rectangular to foliaceous pinnules after termination of notopodia; thoracic neurochaetae as acicular uncini (Figs 1A, 7D, 8F), sometimes with small hood or beard below main fang; avicular abdominal uncini, with secondary teeth in rows on top and laterally to main fang. Nephridial papillae on SGIII usually present, other papillae sometimes present on SGVI and SGVII, but reduced to inconspicuous in most taxa. Pygidium smooth to slightly crenulate, sometimes bilobed. Remarks In the past, the Trichobranchidae family was considered to be a subfamily of Terebellidae (Fauvel 1927; Day 1967; Garrafoni & Lana 2004), but recent phylogenetic analyses support the hypothesis of a valid family (Glasby et al. 2004; Nogueira et al. 2013). The family includes only three genera, i.e., Octobranchus Marion & Bobretzky, 1875, Terebellides Sars, 1835, and Trichobranchus Malmgren, 1866. For Trichobranchus and Octobranchus , only three species of each occur in Europe. The genus Terebellides is very speciose and is represented in Europe by 19 species, 13 of them described in the last two years (Lavesque et al. 2019b; Parapar et al. 2020a) (Table 1). Main morphological characters for European species The number of branchiae is the best character to discriminate the different genera, with Terebellides having a single large branchia, Trichobranchus with two or three pairs of branchiae and finally Octobranchus with four pairs. Trichobranchus species are easy to differentiate based on the number of branchiae (two vs three) (Figs 7C, 8C) and the absence or presence of eyespots. In Octobranchus , the species differ by the shape of the branchiae (Fig. 8D) and the number of secondary teeth above the main fang of the uncini. Regarding Terebellides species, recent studies highlighted that several characters are very important for identification to the species level (Lavesque et al. 2019a; Parapar et al. 2020a, 2020b). However, as many cryptic species occur at a small geographical scale (Nygren et al. 2018), which currently are confirmed only by molecular analyses (Parapar et al. 2020a) much more work needs to be done to resolve all the species present. BRANCHIAE. Even if Terebellides branchiae seem to be very similar within the genus (Figs 7A–B, 8A–B), several morphological characters permit the discrimination of species, such as the presence of a fifth anterior branchial lobe (e.g., T. europaea ), the degree of fusion of both upper and lower lobes (e.g.. not fused on T. ceneresi ), the presence of long terminal filaments (e.g., in T. shetlandica ) or short posterior processes (Fig. 7B), and finally the presence and the shape of papillae situated on the margins of the branchial lamellae (Fig. 8B) (e.g., T. lilasae ). NOTOCHAETAE FROM FIRST CHAETIGER. The size of notochaetae of the first chaetiger varies between species. For most of the species, these chaetae are of a similar size compared to those of the following chaetigers. However, they can be absent or much shorter (e.g., T. ceneresi ) or much longer (e.g., T. mediterranea ). PRESENCE OF GENICULATE CHAETAE ON ONE OR TWO CHAETIGERS. The geniculate chaetae are exclusive to members of Terebellides and they are typically present on CH 6 (SG VIII) only (Fig. 8E), but in some species they are present on two chaetigers, as for example in T. bigeniculatus . UNCINI DENTICULATION. The different types of uncini follow the classifications provided by Parapar et al . (2020b) for thoracic uncini (Fig. 8F) and Parapar et al. (2020a) for abdominal uncini. These classifications are based on the ratio between the length of the main fang (rostrum) and the crest of secondary teeth (capitium), and the size and number of the secondary teeth. THORACIC CILIATED PAPILLAE. Following the recent study of Parapar et al. (2020a), the absence or the presence of thoracic ciliated papillae allow for the discrimination of Terebellides species. These papillae are situated dorsally to the thoracic notopodia (see for example Parapar et al. 2020a; Fig. 7B). METHYL GREEN PATTERN. The colouration of Terebellides specimens prior to identification is essential. Indeed, MG staining highlights the presence and the shape of the glandular region of the third thoracic chaetiger (e.g., undulating glandular region present and in members of T. gentili, oval for T. lilasae Fig. 7B) and the compact/striped pattern of the ventral part of anterior chaetigers (e.g., CH 4 (SG VI) white in T. ceneresi ). Key to European species of Trichobranchidae (after Lavesque et al. 2019a and Parapar et al. 2020a) 1. One large branchia consisting of a stem and four lobes with transverse lamellae.....5 ( Terebellides ) – Two or three pairs of branchiae........................................................................... 2 ( Trichobranchus ) – Four pairs of branchiae........................................................................................... 4 ( Octobranchus ) 2. Two pairs of branchiae...................................................................................................................... 3 – Three pairs of branchiae, eyespots present................................................................................................................................................................................. Trichobranchus glacialis Malmgren, 1866 3. Eyespots absent......................................................................... Trichobranchus roseus Malm, 1874 – Eyespots present.................................................................................................................................... Trichobranchus demontaudouini Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 4. Pairs of branchiae of different shapes; abdominal uncini with three rows of secondary teeth above the main fang..................................................... Octobranchus floriceps Kingston & Mackie, 1980 – All pairs of branchiae similar; abdominal uncini with two rows of secondary teeth above the main fang..................................................................................... Octobranchus lingulatus (Grube, 1863) – Bases of branchiae covered by dorso-lateral lobes, abdominal uncini with two rows of secondary teeth above the main fang.............................. Octobranchus sikorskii (Leontovich & Jirkov. 2001) 5. Geniculate acicular chaetae on CH 5 (SG VII) and CH 6 (SG VIII)............................................................................................................. Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira & Helgason, 2011 – Geniculate acicular chaetae on CH 6 (SG VI) only........................................................................... 6 6. Branchial lamellae without marginal papillae.................................................................................. 7 – Branchial lamellae with marginal papillae..................................................................................... 15 7. Lower branchial lobes with long filaments....................................................................................... 8 – Lower branchial lobes with or without short projections................................................................. 9 8. Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) present; branchial lamellae pointed; notochaetae from CH 1 longer than following ones; dorsal papillae absent............................................................................................................... Terebellides parapari Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 – Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) absent; branchial lamellae rounded; all notochaetae equal-sized; dorsal papillae present........................ Terebellides shetlandica Parapar, Moreira & O’Reilly, 2016 9. Ventral white band present on CH 4 (SG VI) after MG staining..................................................... 10 – No distinct pattern on CH 4 (SG VI) after MG staining...................................................................11 10. Large species (> 30 mm); 5 th branchial lobe present; notochaetae of CH 1 (SG III) similar to following ones; main fang of thoracic uncini straight.................................... Terebellides gracilis Malm, 1874 – Small species (<20 mm); 5 th branchial lobe absent; notochaetae of CH 1 (SG III) absent or shorter than following ones; main fang of thoracic uncini ‘eagle head’ (= curved) shaped................................................... Terebellides ceneresi Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 11. First notopodia and notochaetae longer than following ones............................................................................................................................... Terebellides mediterranea Parapar, Mikac & Fiege, 2013 – First notopodia and notochaetae similar or shorter than following ones........................................ 12 12. Large-sized species (> 50 mm); dorsal rounded projections on CH 1– CH 5 conspicuous............... 13 – Small-sized species (<20 mm); dorsal rounded projections on CH 1– CH 5 absent; main fang of thoracic uncini straight................................................................................................................... 14 13. Abdominal uncini of type 1 (length of capitium about 0.7 length of the main fang, capitium simple consisting of a few, wide denticles).................................................................................................................................................... Terebellides kongsrudi Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 and Terebellides bakkeni Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 complex – Abdominal uncini of type 2 (capitium of about same length as main fang, capitium complex composed of a first row of 4(5) denticles and a variable number of teeth in two more rows)..................................................................................................................... Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 14. Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) and 5 th branchial lobe both absent................................................................................................................................................... Terebellides atlantis Williams, 1984 – Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) and 5 th branchial lobe both present............................................................................ Terebellides gralli Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 15. Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) rounded or oval......................................................................... 16 – Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) otherwise.................................................................................. 17 16. Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) staining in white, branchial lamellae with rounded papillae, CH 1– 3 without conspicuous dorsal projection....................................................................................................................... Terebellides lilasae Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 – Glandular region on CH 3 (SG V) staining in blue, branchial lamellae with conical papillae, CH 1–3 with conspicuous dorsal projection................................................................................................................................ Terebellides bonifi Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 17. Most branchial lamellae with marginal papillae............................................................................. 18 – Only anterior branchial lamellae with marginal papillae................................................................ 19 18. Branchial lamellae with digitiform papillae, upper lip elongated; MG staining pattern as compact bands from CH 1–5.................................................................................................................................................... Terebellides resomari Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 – Branchial lamellae with widely spaced, small and elongated digitiform papillae; MG staining pattern leaving white stripes from CH 1–5................................................................................................................................ Terebellides gentili Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 19. Thoracic uncini type 1 (main fang vs capitium length ratio 2(3)/1; capitium with 2(3) large teeth, following ones much smaller).................................................................................................................................................................. Terebellides ronningae Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 – Thoracic uncini type 3 (main fang vs. capitium length ratio 1/1; capitium with 4(5) mid-sized teeth, following ones slightly smaller)..................................................................................................... 20 20. Deep-water species, mostly found below 200 m deep.............................................................................................................................. Terebellides norvegica Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 – Shallow-water species, mostly found above 100 m deep.................................................................................. Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren & Londoño-Mesa, 2019 and Terebellides scotica Parapar, Capa, Nygren & Moreira, 2020 complex : Published as part of Lavesque, Nicolas, Hutchings, Pat, Londoño-Mesa, Mario H., Nogueira, João M. M., Daffe, Guillemine, Nygren, Arne, Blanchet, Hugues, Bonifácio, Paulo, Broudin, Caroline, Dauvin, Jean-Claude, Droual, Gabin, Gouillieux, Benoit, Grall, Jacques, Guyonnet, Benjamin, Houbin, Céline, Humbert, Suzie, Janson, Anne-Laure, Jourde, Jérôme, Labrune, Céline, Lamarque, Bastien, Latry, Lise, Garrec, Vincent Le, Pelaprat, Corine, Pezy, Jean-Philippe, Sauriau, Pierre-Guy & Montaudouin, Xavier De, 2021, The " Spaghetti Project ": the final identification guide to European Terebellidae (sensu lato) (Annelida, Terebelliformia), pp. 108-156 in European Journal of Taxonomy 782 (1) on pages 136-141, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.782.1593, http://zenodo.org/record/5781605 : {"references": ["Malmgren A. J. 1866. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. 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The Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia."]} Text Antarc* antarcticus North East Atlantic DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Bergen Johansen ENVELOPE(67.217,67.217,-70.544,-70.544) Fang ENVELOPE(167.217,167.217,-77.483,-77.483) Montagu ENVELOPE(-26.333,-26.333,-58.417,-58.417) Malmgren ENVELOPE(-66.117,-66.117,-65.750,-65.750) Kristensen ENVELOPE(-159.667,-159.667,-86.333,-86.333) Bakken ENVELOPE(13.400,13.400,65.585,65.585) Malm ENVELOPE(12.222,12.222,65.323,65.323) Laure ENVELOPE(-63.350,-63.350,-64.767,-64.767) Eagle Head ENVELOPE(-57.248,-57.248,51.567,51.567) Hallager ENVELOPE(14.225,14.225,67.053,67.053) |