Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation

Magura, T., Tóthmérész, B., Elek, Z., P.O, P.O (2004): Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 50 (1): 9-23, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731744 : {"references": ["BAARS, M. A....

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Main Authors: Magura, T., Tóthmérész, B., Elek, Z., P.O
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:unknown
Published: Zenodo 2004
Subjects:
Online Access:https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731743
https://zenodo.org/record/5731743
id ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5731743
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology)
op_collection_id ftdatacite
language unknown
topic Biodiversity
Taxonomy
spellingShingle Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Magura, T.
Tóthmérész, B.
Elek, Z.
P.O
P.O
Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation
topic_facet Biodiversity
Taxonomy
description Magura, T., Tóthmérész, B., Elek, Z., P.O, P.O (2004): Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 50 (1): 9-23, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731744 : {"references": ["BAARS, M. A. (1979) Catches in pitfall traps in relation to mean densities of carabid beetles. Oecologia 41: 25-46.", "BAARS, M. A. & VAN DIJK, Th. S. (1984) Population dynamics of two carabid beetles at a Dutch heathland. II. Egg production and survival in relation to density. J. Anim. Ecol. 53: 389-400.", "BAGUETTE, M. & GERARD, S. (1993) Effects of spruce plantations on carabidbeetles in southern Belgium. Pedobiologia 37: 129-140.", "BEDFORD, S. E. & USHER, M. B. (1994) Distribution of arthropodspecies across the margins of farm woodlands. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 48: 295-305.", "BIRD, S., COULSON, R. N. & CROSSLEY, D. A. (2000) Impacts of silvicultural practices on soil and litter arthropod diversity in a Texas pine plantation. Forest Ecol. Manag. 131: 65-80.", "BRUNSTING, M. H. & HEESSEN, H. J. L. (1984): Density regulation in the carabidbeetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus. J. Anim. Ecol. 53: 751-760.", "BUTTERFIELD, J., LUFF, M. L., BAINES, M. & EYRE, M. D. (1995) Carabidbeetle communities as in - dicators of conservation potential in upland forests. Forest Ecol. Manag. 79: 63-77.", "DAY, K. R. & CARTHY, J. (1988) Changes in carabidbeetle communities accompanying a rotation of Sitka spruce. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 24: 407-415.", "DESENDER, K., ERVYNCK, A. & TACK, G. (1999) Beetle diversity and historical ecology of woodlands in Flanders. Belg. J. Zool. 129: 139-156.", "DIGWEED, S. C., CURRIE, C. R., CARCAMO, H. A. & SPENCE, J. R. (1995) Digging out the digging-in effect of pitfall traps: influences of depletion and disturbance on catches of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Pedobiologia 39: 561-576.", "ELEK, Z., MAGURA, T. & TOTHMERESZ, B. (2001) Impacts of non-native Norway spruce plantation on abundance and species richness of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). WebEcology 2: 32-37.", "EYRE, M. D., LUFF, M. L. & RUSHTON, S. P. (1990) The groundbeetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) fauna of intensively managedagricultural grasslands in northern Englandandsouthern Scotland. Pedobiologia 34: 11-18.", "FAHY, O. & GORMALLY, M. (1998) A comparison of plant andcarabidbeetle communities in an Irish oak woodland with a nearby conifer plantation and clearfelled site. Forest Ecol. Manag. 110: 263-273.", "GRUM, L. (1971) Spatial differentiation of the Carabus L. (Carabidae, Coleoptera) mobility. Ekologia Polska 19: 1-34.", "GUILLEMAIN, M., LOREAU, M. & DAUFRESNE, T. (1997) Relationships between the regional distribution of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and the abundance of their potential prey. Acta Oecol. 18: 465-483.", "HEESSEN, H. J. L. (1980) Egg production of Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (Fabricius) (Col., Carabidae) and Philonthus decorus (Gravenhorst) (Col., Staphylinidae). Neth. J. Zool. 30: 35-53.", "HELIOLA, J., KOIVULA, M. & NIEMELA, J. (2001) Distribution of CarabidBeetles (Coleoptera, Cara - bidae) across a Boreal Forest-Clearcut Ecotone. Conserv. Biol. 15: 370-377.", "INGS, T. C. & HARTLEY, S. E. (1999) The effect of habitat structure on carabidcommunities during the regeneration of a native Scottish forest. Forest Ecol. Manag. 119: 123-136.", "KOIVULA, M. (2002) Alternative harvesting methods and boreal carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Forest Ecol. Manag. 167: 103-121.", "KOIVULA, M., KUKKONEN, J. & NIEMELA, J. (2002) Boreal carabid-beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) assemblages along the clear-cut originatedsuccession gradient. Biodivers. Conserv. 11: 1269-1288.", "KOIVULA, M., PUNTTILA, P., HAILA, Y. & NIEMELA, J. (1999) Leaf litter andthe small-scale distri - bution of carabidbeetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the boreal forest. Ecography 22: 424-435.", "KOTZE, D. J. & SAMWAYS, M. J. (1999) Invertebrate conservation at the interface between the grassland matrix and natural Afromontane forest fragments. Biodivers. Conserv. 8: 1339-1363.", "LEGENDRE, P. & LEGENDRE, L. (1998) Numerical Ecology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 870 pp.", "LENSKI, R. E. (1982) Effects of forest cutting on two Carabus species: evidence for competition for food. Ecology 63: 1211-1217.", "LINDROTH, C. H. (1985-86) The Carabidae (Coleoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Scandinavian Science Press, Leiden, 499 pp.", "LOREAU, M. (1987) Vertical distribution of activity of carabid beetles in a beech forest floor. Pedobiologia 30: 173-178.", "LOREAU, M. (1990) Competition in a carabidbeetle community: a fieldexperiment. Oikos 58: 25-38.", "LOREAU, M. (1992) Species abundance patterns and the structure of ground-beetle communities. Ann. Zool. Fennici 28: 49-56.", "LOREAU, M. (1994) Ground beetles in a changing environment: determinants of species diversity andcommunity assembly. Pp. 77-98. In BOYLE, T. J. & BOYLE,C. E. B. (eds.): Biodiversity, temperate ecosystems and global change. Springer Verlag, Berlin.", "LOVEI, G. & SUNDERLAND, K. D. (1996) Ecology andbehavior of groundbeetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Annu. Rev. Entomol. 41: 231-256.", "MAGURA, T. (2000) Quantitative faunistical, biogeographical and ecological analyses of carabid assemblages. Ph.D. thesis. Debrecen.", "MAGURA, T. (2002) Carabids and forest edge: spatial pattern and edge effect. Forest Ecol. Manag. 157: 23-37.", "MAGURA, T., ELEK, Z. & TOTHMERESZ, B. (2002) Impacts of non-native spruce reforestation on ground beetles. Eur. J. Soil. Biol. 38: 291-295.", "MAGURA, T., KODOBOCZ, V. & BOKOR ZS. (2001a) Effects of forestry practices on carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) - Implication for nature management. Acta Phytopath. Entomol. Hung. 36: 179-188.", "MAGURA, T., TOTHMERESZ, B. & BORDAN, ZS. (1997) Comparison of the carabidcommunities of a zonal oak-hornbeam forest and pine plantations. Acta zool. hung. 43: 173-182.", "MAGURA, T., TOTHMERESZ, B. & BORDAN, ZS. (2000a) Effects of nature management practice on carabidassemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a non-native plantation. Biol. Conserv. 93: 95-102.", "MAGURA, T., TOTHMERESZ, B. & ELEK, Z. (2003) Diversity and composition of carabids during a forestry cycle. Biodiv. Conserv. 12: 73-85.", "MAGURA, T., TOTHMERESZ, B., MOLNAR, T. (2001b) Forest edge and diversity: carabids along forest-grassland transects. Biodivers. Conserv. 10: 287-300.", "MAGURA, T., TOTHMERESZ, B., MOLNAR, T. (2000b) Spatial distribution of carabids along grass-forest transects. Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 46: 1-17.", "MATYAS, CS. (1996) Erdeszeti okologia. (Forestry ecology.) Mezogazda Kiado, Budapest, 312 pp. [in Hungarian]", "MOLNAR, T., MAGURA, T., TOTHMERESZ, B. & ELEK, Z. (2001) Groundbeetles (Carabidae) and edge effect in oak-hornbeam forest and grassland transects. Eur. J. Soil. Biol. 37: 297-300.", "NIEMELA, J. (1997) Invertebrates and boreal forest management. Conserv. Biol. 11: 601-610.", "NIEMELA, J. (1999) Management in relation to disturbance in the boreal forest. Forest Ecol. Manag. 115: 127-134.", "NIEMELA, J., LANGOR, D. & SPENCE, J. R. (1993) Effects of clear-cut harvesting on boreal groundbeetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in western Canada. Conserv. Biol. 7: 551-561.", "SAMWAYS, M. J. (1994) Insect conservation biology. Chapman and Hall, London, 358 pp.", "SERGEEVA, T. K. (1994) Seasonal dynamics of interspecific trophic relations in a carabid beetle assemblage. Pp. 367-370. In DESENDER, K., DUFRENE, M., LOREAU, M., LUFF, M. L. & MAEL- FAIT, J-P. (eds): Carabid beetles: ecology and evolution. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.", "SOKAL, R. R. & ROHLF, F. J. (1981) Biometry. W. H. Freeman, New York, 310 pp.", "SPENCE, J. R. & NIEMELA, J. (1994) Sampling carabidassemblages with pitfall traps: the madness and the method. Can. ent. 126: 881-894.", "SPENCE, J. R., LANGOR, D. W., NIEMELA, J., CARCAMO, H. A. & CURRIE, C. R. (1996) Northern forestry and carabids: the case for concern about old-growth species. Ann. Zool. Fennici 33: 173-184.", "SUSTEK, Z. (1984) Carabidae and Staphylinidae of two forest reservations and their reactions on surrounding human activity. Biologia 39: 137-162.", "SZYSZKO, J. (1987) How can the fauna of Carabidae be protectedin managedpine forest? Acta Phytopath. Entomol. Hung. 22: 293-303.", "THIELE, H. U. (1977) Carabid beetles in their environments. Springer, Berlin, 369 pp.", "TOTHMERESZ, B. (1993) NuCoSA 1.0: Number Cruncher for Community Studies and other Ecological Applications. Abstracta Botanica 17: 283-287.", "WERNER, S. M. & RAFFA, K. F. (2000) Effects of forest management practices on the diversity of ground-occurring beetles in mixed northern hardwood forests of the Great Lakes Region. Forest Ecol. Manag. 139: 135-155."]}
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Magura, T.
Tóthmérész, B.
Elek, Z.
P.O
P.O
author_facet Magura, T.
Tóthmérész, B.
Elek, Z.
P.O
P.O
author_sort Magura, T.
title Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation
title_short Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation
title_full Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation
title_fullStr Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation
title_full_unstemmed Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation
title_sort effects of leaf-litter addition on carabid beetles in a non-native norway spruce plantation
publisher Zenodo
publishDate 2004
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spelling ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5731743 2023-05-15T16:12:29+02:00 Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation Magura, T. Tóthmérész, B. Elek, Z. P.O P.O 2004 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731743 https://zenodo.org/record/5731743 unknown Zenodo https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731746 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731748 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731750 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731744 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode cc-by-nc-4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY-NC Biodiversity Taxonomy article-journal ScholarlyArticle JournalArticle 2004 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731743 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731746 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731748 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731750 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731744 2022-02-08T14:21:14Z Magura, T., Tóthmérész, B., Elek, Z., P.O, P.O (2004): Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 50 (1): 9-23, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731744 : {"references": ["BAARS, M. A. (1979) Catches in pitfall traps in relation to mean densities of carabid beetles. Oecologia 41: 25-46.", "BAARS, M. A. & VAN DIJK, Th. S. (1984) Population dynamics of two carabid beetles at a Dutch heathland. II. Egg production and survival in relation to density. J. Anim. Ecol. 53: 389-400.", "BAGUETTE, M. & GERARD, S. (1993) Effects of spruce plantations on carabidbeetles in southern Belgium. Pedobiologia 37: 129-140.", "BEDFORD, S. E. & USHER, M. B. (1994) Distribution of arthropodspecies across the margins of farm woodlands. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 48: 295-305.", "BIRD, S., COULSON, R. N. & CROSSLEY, D. A. (2000) Impacts of silvicultural practices on soil and litter arthropod diversity in a Texas pine plantation. Forest Ecol. Manag. 131: 65-80.", "BRUNSTING, M. H. & HEESSEN, H. J. L. (1984): Density regulation in the carabidbeetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus. J. Anim. Ecol. 53: 751-760.", "BUTTERFIELD, J., LUFF, M. L., BAINES, M. & EYRE, M. D. (1995) Carabidbeetle communities as in - dicators of conservation potential in upland forests. Forest Ecol. Manag. 79: 63-77.", "DAY, K. R. & CARTHY, J. (1988) Changes in carabidbeetle communities accompanying a rotation of Sitka spruce. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 24: 407-415.", "DESENDER, K., ERVYNCK, A. & TACK, G. (1999) Beetle diversity and historical ecology of woodlands in Flanders. Belg. J. Zool. 129: 139-156.", "DIGWEED, S. C., CURRIE, C. R., CARCAMO, H. A. & SPENCE, J. R. (1995) Digging out the digging-in effect of pitfall traps: influences of depletion and disturbance on catches of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Pedobiologia 39: 561-576.", "ELEK, Z., MAGURA, T. & TOTHMERESZ, B. (2001) Impacts of non-native Norway spruce plantation on abundance and species richness of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). WebEcology 2: 32-37.", "EYRE, M. D., LUFF, M. L. & RUSHTON, S. P. (1990) The groundbeetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) fauna of intensively managedagricultural grasslands in northern Englandandsouthern Scotland. Pedobiologia 34: 11-18.", "FAHY, O. & GORMALLY, M. (1998) A comparison of plant andcarabidbeetle communities in an Irish oak woodland with a nearby conifer plantation and clearfelled site. Forest Ecol. Manag. 110: 263-273.", "GRUM, L. (1971) Spatial differentiation of the Carabus L. (Carabidae, Coleoptera) mobility. Ekologia Polska 19: 1-34.", "GUILLEMAIN, M., LOREAU, M. & DAUFRESNE, T. (1997) Relationships between the regional distribution of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and the abundance of their potential prey. Acta Oecol. 18: 465-483.", "HEESSEN, H. J. L. (1980) Egg production of Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (Fabricius) (Col., Carabidae) and Philonthus decorus (Gravenhorst) (Col., Staphylinidae). Neth. J. Zool. 30: 35-53.", "HELIOLA, J., KOIVULA, M. & NIEMELA, J. (2001) Distribution of CarabidBeetles (Coleoptera, Cara - bidae) across a Boreal Forest-Clearcut Ecotone. Conserv. Biol. 15: 370-377.", "INGS, T. C. & HARTLEY, S. E. (1999) The effect of habitat structure on carabidcommunities during the regeneration of a native Scottish forest. Forest Ecol. Manag. 119: 123-136.", "KOIVULA, M. (2002) Alternative harvesting methods and boreal carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Forest Ecol. Manag. 167: 103-121.", "KOIVULA, M., KUKKONEN, J. & NIEMELA, J. (2002) Boreal carabid-beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) assemblages along the clear-cut originatedsuccession gradient. Biodivers. Conserv. 11: 1269-1288.", "KOIVULA, M., PUNTTILA, P., HAILA, Y. & NIEMELA, J. (1999) Leaf litter andthe small-scale distri - bution of carabidbeetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the boreal forest. Ecography 22: 424-435.", "KOTZE, D. J. & SAMWAYS, M. J. (1999) Invertebrate conservation at the interface between the grassland matrix and natural Afromontane forest fragments. Biodivers. Conserv. 8: 1339-1363.", "LEGENDRE, P. & LEGENDRE, L. (1998) Numerical Ecology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 870 pp.", "LENSKI, R. E. (1982) Effects of forest cutting on two Carabus species: evidence for competition for food. Ecology 63: 1211-1217.", "LINDROTH, C. H. (1985-86) The Carabidae (Coleoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Scandinavian Science Press, Leiden, 499 pp.", "LOREAU, M. (1987) Vertical distribution of activity of carabid beetles in a beech forest floor. Pedobiologia 30: 173-178.", "LOREAU, M. (1990) Competition in a carabidbeetle community: a fieldexperiment. Oikos 58: 25-38.", "LOREAU, M. (1992) Species abundance patterns and the structure of ground-beetle communities. Ann. Zool. Fennici 28: 49-56.", "LOREAU, M. (1994) Ground beetles in a changing environment: determinants of species diversity andcommunity assembly. Pp. 77-98. In BOYLE, T. J. & BOYLE,C. E. B. (eds.): Biodiversity, temperate ecosystems and global change. Springer Verlag, Berlin.", "LOVEI, G. & SUNDERLAND, K. D. (1996) Ecology andbehavior of groundbeetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Annu. Rev. Entomol. 41: 231-256.", "MAGURA, T. (2000) Quantitative faunistical, biogeographical and ecological analyses of carabid assemblages. Ph.D. thesis. Debrecen.", "MAGURA, T. (2002) Carabids and forest edge: spatial pattern and edge effect. Forest Ecol. Manag. 157: 23-37.", "MAGURA, T., ELEK, Z. & TOTHMERESZ, B. (2002) Impacts of non-native spruce reforestation on ground beetles. Eur. J. Soil. Biol. 38: 291-295.", "MAGURA, T., KODOBOCZ, V. & BOKOR ZS. (2001a) Effects of forestry practices on carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) - Implication for nature management. Acta Phytopath. Entomol. Hung. 36: 179-188.", "MAGURA, T., TOTHMERESZ, B. & BORDAN, ZS. (1997) Comparison of the carabidcommunities of a zonal oak-hornbeam forest and pine plantations. Acta zool. hung. 43: 173-182.", "MAGURA, T., TOTHMERESZ, B. & BORDAN, ZS. (2000a) Effects of nature management practice on carabidassemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a non-native plantation. Biol. Conserv. 93: 95-102.", "MAGURA, T., TOTHMERESZ, B. & ELEK, Z. (2003) Diversity and composition of carabids during a forestry cycle. Biodiv. Conserv. 12: 73-85.", "MAGURA, T., TOTHMERESZ, B., MOLNAR, T. (2001b) Forest edge and diversity: carabids along forest-grassland transects. Biodivers. Conserv. 10: 287-300.", "MAGURA, T., TOTHMERESZ, B., MOLNAR, T. (2000b) Spatial distribution of carabids along grass-forest transects. Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 46: 1-17.", "MATYAS, CS. (1996) Erdeszeti okologia. (Forestry ecology.) Mezogazda Kiado, Budapest, 312 pp. [in Hungarian]", "MOLNAR, T., MAGURA, T., TOTHMERESZ, B. & ELEK, Z. (2001) Groundbeetles (Carabidae) and edge effect in oak-hornbeam forest and grassland transects. Eur. J. Soil. Biol. 37: 297-300.", "NIEMELA, J. (1997) Invertebrates and boreal forest management. Conserv. Biol. 11: 601-610.", "NIEMELA, J. (1999) Management in relation to disturbance in the boreal forest. Forest Ecol. Manag. 115: 127-134.", "NIEMELA, J., LANGOR, D. & SPENCE, J. R. (1993) Effects of clear-cut harvesting on boreal groundbeetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in western Canada. Conserv. Biol. 7: 551-561.", "SAMWAYS, M. J. (1994) Insect conservation biology. Chapman and Hall, London, 358 pp.", "SERGEEVA, T. K. (1994) Seasonal dynamics of interspecific trophic relations in a carabid beetle assemblage. Pp. 367-370. In DESENDER, K., DUFRENE, M., LOREAU, M., LUFF, M. L. & MAEL- FAIT, J-P. (eds): Carabid beetles: ecology and evolution. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.", "SOKAL, R. R. & ROHLF, F. J. (1981) Biometry. W. H. Freeman, New York, 310 pp.", "SPENCE, J. R. & NIEMELA, J. (1994) Sampling carabidassemblages with pitfall traps: the madness and the method. Can. ent. 126: 881-894.", "SPENCE, J. R., LANGOR, D. W., NIEMELA, J., CARCAMO, H. A. & CURRIE, C. R. (1996) Northern forestry and carabids: the case for concern about old-growth species. Ann. Zool. Fennici 33: 173-184.", "SUSTEK, Z. (1984) Carabidae and Staphylinidae of two forest reservations and their reactions on surrounding human activity. Biologia 39: 137-162.", "SZYSZKO, J. (1987) How can the fauna of Carabidae be protectedin managedpine forest? Acta Phytopath. Entomol. Hung. 22: 293-303.", "THIELE, H. U. (1977) Carabid beetles in their environments. Springer, Berlin, 369 pp.", "TOTHMERESZ, B. (1993) NuCoSA 1.0: Number Cruncher for Community Studies and other Ecological Applications. Abstracta Botanica 17: 283-287.", "WERNER, S. M. & RAFFA, K. F. (2000) Effects of forest management practices on the diversity of ground-occurring beetles in mixed northern hardwood forests of the Great Lakes Region. Forest Ecol. 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