Protiaropsis anonyma

Protiaropsis anonyma (Maas, 1905) Fig. 12 A-C Heterotiara anonyma Maas, 1905: 19, pl. 3 figs 19-21. – Bigelow, 1909: 216, pl. 41 figs 12-14. – Vanhöffen, 1911: 211, pls 12-13. – Bigelow, 1918: 382. – Bigelow, 1928: 287. – Russell, 1940: 516, figs 5-7. – Kramp, 1959a: 17, 125, fig. 131. – Kramp, 1961...

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Main Authors: Schuchert, Peter, Collins, Richard
Format: Text
Language:unknown
Published: Zenodo 2021
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Online Access:https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710590
https://zenodo.org/record/5710590
id ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5710590
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology)
op_collection_id ftdatacite
language unknown
topic Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Anthoathecata
Bythotiaridae
Protiaropsis
Protiaropsis anonyma
spellingShingle Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Anthoathecata
Bythotiaridae
Protiaropsis
Protiaropsis anonyma
Schuchert, Peter
Collins, Richard
Protiaropsis anonyma
topic_facet Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Anthoathecata
Bythotiaridae
Protiaropsis
Protiaropsis anonyma
description Protiaropsis anonyma (Maas, 1905) Fig. 12 A-C Heterotiara anonyma Maas, 1905: 19, pl. 3 figs 19-21. – Bigelow, 1909: 216, pl. 41 figs 12-14. – Vanhöffen, 1911: 211, pls 12-13. – Bigelow, 1918: 382. – Bigelow, 1928: 287. – Russell, 1940: 516, figs 5-7. – Kramp, 1959a: 17, 125, fig. 131. – Kramp, 1961: 122. – Kramp, 1965: 41. – Kramp, 1968: 53, fig. 138. – Schmidt, 1973: 22. – Schmidt & Klinker, 1974: 34. – Bouillon, 1980: 314. – Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1989: 41, figs 1b, 1e. not Heterotiara anonyma. – Bigelow, 1913: 25, records North Pacific. [= Bythotiara depressa Naumov, 1960] in part Heterotiara anonyma. – Arai & Brinckmann-Voss, 1980: 69, fig. 40. [in part Bythotiara depressa Naumov, 1960] Protiaropsis anonyma. – Stechow, 1919: 150, new combination. – Schuchert, 2010: 338. ? Kanaka pelagica Uchida, 1947: 103, fig. 5. – Kramp, 1961: 123. – Kramp, 1968: 58, fig. 153. – Schmidt, 1973: 22, could be a young Heterotiara anonyma . – Bouillon, 1980: 316, could be Heterotiara anonyma . Examined material: BFLA4037; 1 specimen; 26 -MAR-2019; size 12 mm high; part preserved in formalin and deposited as UF-013457, small part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence MW528657. Observations: Bythotiaridae medusa 12 mm high, bell cylindrical, not compressed laterally, mesoglea thick, especially apical jelly which is about 1/3 of the total bell height; bell margin with regular furrows in which lie the tentacles. Manubrium 2/3 the height of the subumbrella, shaped like inverted cone, section cross-shaped, interradial wall smooth, mouth cruciform, rather small, four red strands run along the interradial corners of the manubrium. Four thin radial canals, no mesenteries; circular canal thin. 10 tentacles, length about half the height of the bell, originating from under circular canals without formation of a distinct tentacle bulb but with an epidermal swelling at the junction of tentacle and circular canal, proximal part of tentacles curving adnate around bell margin in furrows, tapering only slightly distally, ending in bright orange, spherical to ovoid knob, diameter about 0.3 mm. No ocelli. 16S Data: A blastn search in GenBank with the sole 16S (MW528657) gave mostly species of Filifera / Anthoathecata, but all below 90% identity and thus precluding any conclusions on relationships. Distribution: Widespread in warm parts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, usually in depths of 0 to 600 m (Arai & Brinckmann-Voss, 1980; corrections in Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1989). Type locality: Indonesia, 0.2933°S, 129.2418°E, 0-1000 m depth. Remarks: Most illustrations of this species do not show the terminal swellings of the tentacles (e.g. in Kramp, 1959a, 1968), a typical character of Bythotiaridae medusae. These are almost invariably lost in specimens caught with a plankton net, but they are normally present in this species (see Kramp, 1948, 1965; Schmidt, 1973; Arai & Brinckmann-Voss, 1980). The size of the examined medusa was at the lower end of the range usually given for this species (12-20 mm, Maas, 1905; Bigelow, 1909; Vanhöffen, 1911). Bigelow (1918) also found somewhat smaller (up to 13 mm) in the nearby Bermuda region, likewise Bouillon (1980) in animals from Papua New Guinea. The interradial red strands are rather conspicuous in the living and preserved animal (Fig. 12 A-B), but they have been mentioned only rarely so far. Only Vanhöffen (1911) observed them in an animal caught near the Nias Islands (Indonesia). The nematocysts have been described by Russell (1940) and Bouillon et al. (1988a). The species has large desmonemes which are typical for the family Bythotiaridae. The taxonomic scope of Protiaropsis anonyma is not yet fully clear as there are other similar species, some of which which could prove to be conspecific (see also discussions in Schmidt, 1973). Protiaropsis minor (Vanhöffen, 1911) is somewhat smaller (6-12 mm), has perhaps a shorter manubrium, and 16 to 24 tentacles (see description by Pagès et al. , 1992). Bouillon et al . (1988a) found both morphotypes in sympatry and kept them distinct. Kanaka pelagica Uchida, 1947 has eight tentacles but is much smaller (1.8 mm). It was based on a single specimen which was likely a juvenile. Kramp (1953) thought it might belong to P. minor , while Schmidt (1973) and Bouillon (1980) think it is referrable to Protiaropsis anonyma . Gymnogonium zhengzhongii Xu & Huang, 1994, is small (2.2 mm), has a short manubrium, and a pair of branched radial canals, resulting in six canals in total. The manubrium of the only observed specimen had gonads. Bouillon et al. (2006: 182) thought that it could belong to Protiaropsis anonyma . As the the species is based on a single specimen, it cannot be excluded that the branched radial canals were a developmental aberration. New material has to prove the validity of the species, but as the type specimen was apparently mature at 2.2 mm, the genus and species should be retained as valid for the moment. Bouillon (1980) thought that also Bythotiara depressa Naumov, 1960 could be conspecific with P. anonyma as he found intermediate forms. Bythotiara depressa differs from P. anonyma in having an irregularly folded surface of the gonads. Brinckmann-Voss & Arai (1989) examined the problem in detail and they worked out diagnostic differences of the two species (see also Xu et al. , 2016). Some of the previous records of P. anyonyma from colder waters of the North Pacific Ocean were actually B. depressa . All these ambiguities underline the need for a comprehensive dataset of 16S DNA barcodes which will hopefully improve the species delimitations. : Published as part of Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard, 2021, Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream, pp. 237-356 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2) on pages 257-259, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0049, http://zenodo.org/record/5639938 : {"references": ["Maas O. 1905. Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga-Expeditie. Siboga Expeditie 10: 1 - 84, pls 1 - 14. DOI: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11301", "Bigelow H. B. 1909. The Medusae. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer \" Albatross \" from October, 1904, to March, 1905. XVI. Memoirs of the Museum of comparative Zoology at Harvard College 37: 1 - 243, pls 1 - 48.", "Vanhoffen E. 1911. Die Anthomedusen und Leptomedusen der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition 1898 - 1899. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee Expedition Valdivia 19 (5): 193 - 233.", "Bigelow H. B. 1918. Some Medusae and Siphonophora from the western Atlantic. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 62: 363 - 442, pls 1 - 8.", "Bigelow H. B. 1928. Hydromedusae, siphonophores and ctenophores of the \" Albatross \" Philippine Expedition. In: Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent region. Bulletin United States National Museum 100 (1): 279 - 362, pls 39 - 43.", "Russell F. S. 1940. On the nematocysts of Hydromedusae III. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 24: 515 - 523.", "Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283.", "Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 40: 1 - 469.", "Kramp P. L. 1965. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Dana Report 63: 1 - 162.", "Kramp P. L. 1968. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Sections II and III. Dana Report 72: 1 - 200.", "Schmidt H. E. 1973. Die Hydromedusen (Hydrozoa: Coelenterata) des Roten Meeres und seiner angrenzenden Gebiete. Meteor Forschungs Ergebnisse 15: 1 - 35.", "Schmidt H. - E., Klinker J. 1974. Hydromedusae (Coelenterata) from the Indian Ocean. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse 18: 29 - 38.", "Bouillon J. 1980. Hydromeduses de la Mer de Bismarck. (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie 3: Anthomedusae - Filifera (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 21 (3): 307 - 344.", "Bigelow H. B. 1913. Medusae and Siphonophora collected by the U. S. steamer \" Albatross \" in the Northwestern Pacific. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 44: 1 - 119, pls 1 - 6.", "Naumov D. 1960. See: Naumov D. V. 1969. Hydroids and Hydromedusae of the USSR. Israel Program for scientific translation, Jerusalem, pp. 463, 30 plates.", "Arai M. N., Brinckmann-Voss A. 1980. Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 204: 1 - 192.", "Stechow E. 1919. Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauer'sche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 42 (1): 1 - 172.", "Schuchert P. 2010. The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Capitata part 2. Revue suisse de Zoologie 117 (3): 337 - 555.", "Uchida T. 1947. Some medusae from the Central Pacific. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Zoology 7 (3): 297 - 319.", "Kramp P. L. 1948. Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae from the \" Michael Sars \" North Atlantic deep-sea Expedition 1910, with additions on Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, and Scyphomedusae. Report on the scientific results of the \" Michael Sars \" north Atlantic deep-sea expedition 1910... 5 (9): 1 - 23, pl. 1.", "Bouillon J., Seghers G., Boero F. 1988 a. Note sur les cnidocystes des hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Papouasie- Nouvelle Guinee). Indo-Malayan Zoology 5 (2): 203 - 224.", "Pages F., Gili J. M., Bouillon J. 1992. Medusae (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa) of the Benguela Current (southeastern Atlantic). Scientia Marina 56 (Suppl. 1): 1 - 64.", "Kramp P. L. 1953. Hydromedusae. Scientific Report of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 6 (4): 259 - 322.", "Xu Z. Z., Huang J. Q. 1994. A new genus and two new species of Hydroidomedusae from Taiwan Strait. Journal Xiamen University (Natural Science) 33 (Suppl.): 149 - 153.", "Bouillon J., Gravili C., Pages F., Gili J. M., Boero F. 2006. An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Mus e um National d'Histoire Naturelle 194: 1 - 591.", "Xu Z., Huang J., Mao L., Guo D., Wang C. 2016. Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea II: Family Bythotiaridae (Anthomedusae). Zoological Systematics 41 (2): 149 - 157."]}
format Text
author Schuchert, Peter
Collins, Richard
author_facet Schuchert, Peter
Collins, Richard
author_sort Schuchert, Peter
title Protiaropsis anonyma
title_short Protiaropsis anonyma
title_full Protiaropsis anonyma
title_fullStr Protiaropsis anonyma
title_full_unstemmed Protiaropsis anonyma
title_sort protiaropsis anonyma
publisher Zenodo
publishDate 2021
url https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710590
https://zenodo.org/record/5710590
long_lat ENVELOPE(-64.000,-64.000,-64.833,-64.833)
ENVELOPE(157.417,157.417,-79.633,-79.633)
ENVELOPE(23.900,23.900,65.633,65.633)
geographic Pacific
Indian
Bismarck
Medusa
Roten
geographic_facet Pacific
Indian
Bismarck
Medusa
Roten
genre North Atlantic
genre_facet North Atlantic
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spelling ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5710590 2023-05-15T17:37:32+02:00 Protiaropsis anonyma Schuchert, Peter Collins, Richard 2021 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710590 https://zenodo.org/record/5710590 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/5639938 http://publication.plazi.org/id/2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820 http://zoobank.org/8382D1CA-7C0E-4B1C-9591-4CEAA2F296FB https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.35929/rsz.0049 http://zenodo.org/record/5639938 http://publication.plazi.org/id/2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639972 http://zoobank.org/8382D1CA-7C0E-4B1C-9591-4CEAA2F296FB https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710589 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC0 Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Cnidaria Hydrozoa Anthoathecata Bythotiaridae Protiaropsis Protiaropsis anonyma Taxonomic treatment article-journal Text ScholarlyArticle 2021 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710590 https://doi.org/10.35929/rsz.0049 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639972 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710589 2022-02-08T14:04:19Z Protiaropsis anonyma (Maas, 1905) Fig. 12 A-C Heterotiara anonyma Maas, 1905: 19, pl. 3 figs 19-21. – Bigelow, 1909: 216, pl. 41 figs 12-14. – Vanhöffen, 1911: 211, pls 12-13. – Bigelow, 1918: 382. – Bigelow, 1928: 287. – Russell, 1940: 516, figs 5-7. – Kramp, 1959a: 17, 125, fig. 131. – Kramp, 1961: 122. – Kramp, 1965: 41. – Kramp, 1968: 53, fig. 138. – Schmidt, 1973: 22. – Schmidt & Klinker, 1974: 34. – Bouillon, 1980: 314. – Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1989: 41, figs 1b, 1e. not Heterotiara anonyma. – Bigelow, 1913: 25, records North Pacific. [= Bythotiara depressa Naumov, 1960] in part Heterotiara anonyma. – Arai & Brinckmann-Voss, 1980: 69, fig. 40. [in part Bythotiara depressa Naumov, 1960] Protiaropsis anonyma. – Stechow, 1919: 150, new combination. – Schuchert, 2010: 338. ? Kanaka pelagica Uchida, 1947: 103, fig. 5. – Kramp, 1961: 123. – Kramp, 1968: 58, fig. 153. – Schmidt, 1973: 22, could be a young Heterotiara anonyma . – Bouillon, 1980: 316, could be Heterotiara anonyma . Examined material: BFLA4037; 1 specimen; 26 -MAR-2019; size 12 mm high; part preserved in formalin and deposited as UF-013457, small part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence MW528657. Observations: Bythotiaridae medusa 12 mm high, bell cylindrical, not compressed laterally, mesoglea thick, especially apical jelly which is about 1/3 of the total bell height; bell margin with regular furrows in which lie the tentacles. Manubrium 2/3 the height of the subumbrella, shaped like inverted cone, section cross-shaped, interradial wall smooth, mouth cruciform, rather small, four red strands run along the interradial corners of the manubrium. Four thin radial canals, no mesenteries; circular canal thin. 10 tentacles, length about half the height of the bell, originating from under circular canals without formation of a distinct tentacle bulb but with an epidermal swelling at the junction of tentacle and circular canal, proximal part of tentacles curving adnate around bell margin in furrows, tapering only slightly distally, ending in bright orange, spherical to ovoid knob, diameter about 0.3 mm. No ocelli. 16S Data: A blastn search in GenBank with the sole 16S (MW528657) gave mostly species of Filifera / Anthoathecata, but all below 90% identity and thus precluding any conclusions on relationships. Distribution: Widespread in warm parts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, usually in depths of 0 to 600 m (Arai & Brinckmann-Voss, 1980; corrections in Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1989). Type locality: Indonesia, 0.2933°S, 129.2418°E, 0-1000 m depth. Remarks: Most illustrations of this species do not show the terminal swellings of the tentacles (e.g. in Kramp, 1959a, 1968), a typical character of Bythotiaridae medusae. These are almost invariably lost in specimens caught with a plankton net, but they are normally present in this species (see Kramp, 1948, 1965; Schmidt, 1973; Arai & Brinckmann-Voss, 1980). The size of the examined medusa was at the lower end of the range usually given for this species (12-20 mm, Maas, 1905; Bigelow, 1909; Vanhöffen, 1911). Bigelow (1918) also found somewhat smaller (up to 13 mm) in the nearby Bermuda region, likewise Bouillon (1980) in animals from Papua New Guinea. The interradial red strands are rather conspicuous in the living and preserved animal (Fig. 12 A-B), but they have been mentioned only rarely so far. Only Vanhöffen (1911) observed them in an animal caught near the Nias Islands (Indonesia). The nematocysts have been described by Russell (1940) and Bouillon et al. (1988a). The species has large desmonemes which are typical for the family Bythotiaridae. The taxonomic scope of Protiaropsis anonyma is not yet fully clear as there are other similar species, some of which which could prove to be conspecific (see also discussions in Schmidt, 1973). Protiaropsis minor (Vanhöffen, 1911) is somewhat smaller (6-12 mm), has perhaps a shorter manubrium, and 16 to 24 tentacles (see description by Pagès et al. , 1992). Bouillon et al . (1988a) found both morphotypes in sympatry and kept them distinct. Kanaka pelagica Uchida, 1947 has eight tentacles but is much smaller (1.8 mm). It was based on a single specimen which was likely a juvenile. Kramp (1953) thought it might belong to P. minor , while Schmidt (1973) and Bouillon (1980) think it is referrable to Protiaropsis anonyma . Gymnogonium zhengzhongii Xu & Huang, 1994, is small (2.2 mm), has a short manubrium, and a pair of branched radial canals, resulting in six canals in total. The manubrium of the only observed specimen had gonads. Bouillon et al. (2006: 182) thought that it could belong to Protiaropsis anonyma . As the the species is based on a single specimen, it cannot be excluded that the branched radial canals were a developmental aberration. New material has to prove the validity of the species, but as the type specimen was apparently mature at 2.2 mm, the genus and species should be retained as valid for the moment. Bouillon (1980) thought that also Bythotiara depressa Naumov, 1960 could be conspecific with P. anonyma as he found intermediate forms. Bythotiara depressa differs from P. anonyma in having an irregularly folded surface of the gonads. Brinckmann-Voss & Arai (1989) examined the problem in detail and they worked out diagnostic differences of the two species (see also Xu et al. , 2016). Some of the previous records of P. anyonyma from colder waters of the North Pacific Ocean were actually B. depressa . All these ambiguities underline the need for a comprehensive dataset of 16S DNA barcodes which will hopefully improve the species delimitations. : Published as part of Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard, 2021, Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream, pp. 237-356 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2) on pages 257-259, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0049, http://zenodo.org/record/5639938 : {"references": ["Maas O. 1905. Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga-Expeditie. Siboga Expeditie 10: 1 - 84, pls 1 - 14. DOI: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11301", "Bigelow H. B. 1909. The Medusae. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer \" Albatross \" from October, 1904, to March, 1905. XVI. Memoirs of the Museum of comparative Zoology at Harvard College 37: 1 - 243, pls 1 - 48.", "Vanhoffen E. 1911. Die Anthomedusen und Leptomedusen der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition 1898 - 1899. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee Expedition Valdivia 19 (5): 193 - 233.", "Bigelow H. B. 1918. Some Medusae and Siphonophora from the western Atlantic. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 62: 363 - 442, pls 1 - 8.", "Bigelow H. B. 1928. Hydromedusae, siphonophores and ctenophores of the \" Albatross \" Philippine Expedition. In: Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent region. Bulletin United States National Museum 100 (1): 279 - 362, pls 39 - 43.", "Russell F. S. 1940. On the nematocysts of Hydromedusae III. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 24: 515 - 523.", "Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283.", "Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 40: 1 - 469.", "Kramp P. L. 1965. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Dana Report 63: 1 - 162.", "Kramp P. L. 1968. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Sections II and III. Dana Report 72: 1 - 200.", "Schmidt H. E. 1973. Die Hydromedusen (Hydrozoa: Coelenterata) des Roten Meeres und seiner angrenzenden Gebiete. Meteor Forschungs Ergebnisse 15: 1 - 35.", "Schmidt H. - E., Klinker J. 1974. Hydromedusae (Coelenterata) from the Indian Ocean. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse 18: 29 - 38.", "Bouillon J. 1980. Hydromeduses de la Mer de Bismarck. (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie 3: Anthomedusae - Filifera (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 21 (3): 307 - 344.", "Bigelow H. B. 1913. Medusae and Siphonophora collected by the U. S. steamer \" Albatross \" in the Northwestern Pacific. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 44: 1 - 119, pls 1 - 6.", "Naumov D. 1960. See: Naumov D. V. 1969. Hydroids and Hydromedusae of the USSR. Israel Program for scientific translation, Jerusalem, pp. 463, 30 plates.", "Arai M. N., Brinckmann-Voss A. 1980. Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 204: 1 - 192.", "Stechow E. 1919. Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauer'sche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 42 (1): 1 - 172.", "Schuchert P. 2010. The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Capitata part 2. Revue suisse de Zoologie 117 (3): 337 - 555.", "Uchida T. 1947. Some medusae from the Central Pacific. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Zoology 7 (3): 297 - 319.", "Kramp P. L. 1948. Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae from the \" Michael Sars \" North Atlantic deep-sea Expedition 1910, with additions on Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, and Scyphomedusae. Report on the scientific results of the \" Michael Sars \" north Atlantic deep-sea expedition 1910... 5 (9): 1 - 23, pl. 1.", "Bouillon J., Seghers G., Boero F. 1988 a. Note sur les cnidocystes des hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Papouasie- Nouvelle Guinee). Indo-Malayan Zoology 5 (2): 203 - 224.", "Pages F., Gili J. M., Bouillon J. 1992. Medusae (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa) of the Benguela Current (southeastern Atlantic). Scientia Marina 56 (Suppl. 1): 1 - 64.", "Kramp P. L. 1953. Hydromedusae. Scientific Report of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 6 (4): 259 - 322.", "Xu Z. Z., Huang J. Q. 1994. A new genus and two new species of Hydroidomedusae from Taiwan Strait. Journal Xiamen University (Natural Science) 33 (Suppl.): 149 - 153.", "Bouillon J., Gravili C., Pages F., Gili J. M., Boero F. 2006. An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Mus e um National d'Histoire Naturelle 194: 1 - 591.", "Xu Z., Huang J., Mao L., Guo D., Wang C. 2016. Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea II: Family Bythotiaridae (Anthomedusae). Zoological Systematics 41 (2): 149 - 157."]} Text North Atlantic DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Pacific Indian Bismarck ENVELOPE(-64.000,-64.000,-64.833,-64.833) Medusa ENVELOPE(157.417,157.417,-79.633,-79.633) Roten ENVELOPE(23.900,23.900,65.633,65.633)