Hylurgops rugipennis Mannerheim 1843
Hylurgops rugipennis (Mannerheim, 1843) (Figures 5 a, 6 d, 7 c, 13 b, 15 c, 16 a, 17 c, 19) Hylurgus rugipennis Mannerheim, 1843: 297 (Sitka Island, Alaska, USA, lost) Hylastes rugipennis , Mannerheim, 1852: 385 (not previously documented) Hylurgops rugipennis , LeConte, 1876: 390 H. rugipennis rugi...
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Curculionidae Hylurgops Hylurgops rugipennis |
spellingShingle |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Curculionidae Hylurgops Hylurgops rugipennis Mercado-Vélez, Javier E. Negrón, José F. Hylurgops rugipennis Mannerheim 1843 |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Curculionidae Hylurgops Hylurgops rugipennis |
description |
Hylurgops rugipennis (Mannerheim, 1843) (Figures 5 a, 6 d, 7 c, 13 b, 15 c, 16 a, 17 c, 19) Hylurgus rugipennis Mannerheim, 1843: 297 (Sitka Island, Alaska, USA, lost) Hylastes rugipennis , Mannerheim, 1852: 385 (not previously documented) Hylurgops rugipennis , LeConte, 1876: 390 H. rugipennis rugipennis , Wood, 1982: 89 H. rugipennis pinifex , Wood, 1982: 90 Diagnosis. Hylurgops rugipennis is reddish brown above, usually darker ventrally and its pronotum is broad and strongly constricted anteriorly (Fig. 17 c). It is distinguished from H. pinifex at> 50 × magnification by the distinct and complete pronotal reticulation (Fig. 16 a), by the regularly-sized pronotal punctures (Fig. 16 a), by the narrower metatibia, by the ventral lobe of the aedeagus (Fig. 7 c), and by its more restricted distribution (Fig. 19). Description. Size . Length 3.7–4.7 (avg. 4.2 ± 0.3) mm long, 2.4 × longer than wide. Color . Mature adult reddish to brownish-red with dark spots on anterior margin of pronotum, ventrally dark reddish-brown to nearly black, ventrites light reddish-brown. Frons . Transverse impression strong (Fig. 5 a); inter-puncture areas reticulate, rarely shiny; carina broadly elevated, surface shiny; vestiture hair-like, longer on lower half, 2–7 × the length of a puncture’s diameter. Pronotum . Broad, 0.9 –1.0 (0.93 ± 0.02), slightly narrower than elytral base, distinctly constricted on anterior third, widest anterior to middle; lateral margin narrowly rounded on basal fourth, becoming broadly rounded on central two fourths and broadly constricted on anterior fourth; middle line slightly raised, extends from base sometimes across entire pronotal length, discal surface reticulate (Fig. 16 a), rarely glossy; discal punctures of two equally abundant sizes, small two-thirds the size of large, inner surface shiny, inter puncture area reticulate; vestiture short, recumbent, hair-like setae indistinct to the length of a large discal punctures on disc, 2 × the length near margins. Elytra . Anterior margin moderately procurved, slightly raised dark margin; striae shallowly concave with round to keyhole-shaped, smooth, dark punctures, averaging half their diameter apart at disc; interstriae wide as first striae, wider than rest, smooth, shiny, minutely punctate (seen at> 50 × magnification), each with a short, recumbent hair-like setae becoming scale-like on posterior half to declivity and a central punctate granule with a long, sub-erect hair-like setae as long as a strial puncture appearing as rugosities on disc, separated by length of 1.5 strial puncture diameter. Declivity . Striae slightly impressed, less than half as wide as interstriae, punctures oval and deep, some keyhole-shaped, smaller than at disc, separated by distance equal to their diameter, 2 nd interstriae slightly impressed, wider than 1 st, 3 rd widest to equal than 2 nd, usually intersecting 6 th (Fig. 13 b) all with regularly spaced pointed granules, 2 punctures width apart; vestiture scale-like, short, recumbent, confused and a central reddish, erect, hair-like setae as long as strial width. Ventral sclerites . Surface punctured, interspaces reticulate; recumbent setae hair-like, as long as size of three punctures or more; precoxal ridge acutely elevated. Legs . Tibia reddish, narrower than in other species; protibiae with 1 or 2 mid-sized socketed teeth before apical angle, mesotibiae with 2 mid-sized socketed teeth before apical angle, and metatibiae broad with 3 medium-sized socketed teeth before apical angle; third tarsal segments bilobed, broader than second. Aedeagus . Showing a distinct ventral lobe (Fig. 7 d). Male . Declivital hair-like setae longer. Gallery : Maternal gallery longitudinal, slightly sinuate, extending up and down from entrance hole (Bright & Stark 1973), usually just over the root collar of a dead tree or stump. Larval galleries extend perpendicular to brood gallery becoming confused at later stages. These galleries can extend into the roots, often at considerable distance from the brood gallery (Bright & Stark 1973). Material examined . 250 specimens. CANADA. Alberta : Red Rock Cny. Waterton Lakes NP (CNCI). British Columbia : Creston (CNCI), 8 mi. W Creston (CNCI), 21 mi. W Creston (CNCI), 2 mi. S Salmo River, Creston (CNCI), Glacier (CNCI), Inverness (CNCI), 12 mi. S Long Beach, Tofino (CNCI), Lorna (CNCI), Mainland (CNCI), Massett, Graham Is. QCI (CNCI), 4.7 km N Renell Sound Rd. Ghost Cr., Graham Is. (CNCI), Sicamous (CNCI), Skidegate, Graham Is. (CNCI), Stanley Park, Vancouver (CNCI), 1 mi. NW Tlell, Graham Is., QCI (CNCI), Tow Hill, Graham Is. (CNCI), Trinity Valley (CNCI, DEBC), Vancouver (CNCI), Laskeek Bay, Reef Island, QCI (CNCI). USA. Alaska : 15 km N Juneau, Chichagof Is. (DEBC), Douglas Is. (DEBC), N end Douglas Is (CNCI); 12 mi. N Juneau (DEBC), 41.5 km N Juneau (CNCI); Juneau (DEBC). California : Del Norte Co. (CNCI); El Dorado Co.: Blodgett Forest UC, 10 mi. E Georgetown (CNCI); Fresno Co. (CNCI); Humboldt Co.: Eureka (CNCI); Marin Co.: 1 mi. SE Inverness (CNCI); Mendocino Co.: Mendocino (DEBC); Monterey Co.: Carmel (CNCI), Monterey (CNCI); San Mateo Co.: Año Nuevo, 28 km NNE of Santa Cruz (CNCI); Santa Cruz Co.: Swanton (CNCI); Sonoma Co.: Salt Point St. Park (DEBC); Tulare Co.: Kaweah R., Mid Fork (CNCI). Idaho : Kootenai Co.: Coeur d'Alene NF (CSUC). Oregon : Clatsop Co.: app. 3 mi. SE of Olney (CNCI); Lincoln Co.: Otis, Cascade Head Exp. For. (CNCI); Linn Co.: Santiam Pass (CNCI, DEBC); Tillamook Co.: Kiwanda viewpoint on Cape Lookout, 2.5 mi. N 1.5 mi. W Sand Lake (CNCI); Wasco Co.: Wapinitia (DEBC). Washington : (no county) Mount Rainier NP (CNCI, CSUC), (no county) Nisqually R. Mt. Rainier NP (CNCI); Grays Harbor Co.: Westport (CSUC); Jefferson Co.: Hoh Ranger Station, Olympic NP (CNCI); Pierce Co.: West Side Mt Rainier (CSUC); West Side Rd. 1.6 N Hwy 706 (CSUC). Hosts : Abies concolor , A. lasciocarpa , Callitropsis nootkatensis (see Patterson & Hatch 1945), Larix occidentalis , Picea engelmannii , P. sitchensis , Pinus attenuata , P. balfouriana , P. banksiana , P. contorta , P. lambertiana , P. monticola , P. muricata , P. ponderosa , P. radiata , Pseudotsuga menziesii , Tsuga heterophylla . Distribution (Fig. 19). NORTH AMERICA. CANADA and USA. Kodiak Island, Alaska to Monterey and Tulare in southern California; mostly east of the Rocky Mountains. Discussion. Mannerheim (1843) described Hylurgus rugipennis from the Sitka Peninsula in Alaska, and placed it in the genus Hylastes in 1852. LeConte (1868) and Chapuis (1869, 1873) supported the placement under Erichson’s (1836) second division of the genus Hylastes . LeConte (1876) placed H. rugipennis in his genus Hylurgops . Wood (1971 a) considered that H. rugipennis hybridized with H. pinifex in an area east of the Canadian Cascades to Vernon in British Columbia, later Bright (1976) considered this hybridization area to extend into Alberta. Wood (1982) reduced H. rugipennis to a subspecies because of the apparent intergrades in the above area, but the characters used to define the intergrades were not detailed by Wood (1971 a, 1982). Bright (pers. comm.) mentioned that the character used by Wood to determine the hybrids of the two species was the distribution of the scale-like setae cover in the elytra. This suggests that in the “intergradation zone,” H. rugipennis has scale-like setae extending anteriorly into the elytral disc as in H. pinifex , in contrast to the coastal forms of the species in which the scales are limited to the declivity. While considering it a subspecies, Wood (1982) described the phenotypes of H. r. rugipennis occurring throughout the Pacific Northwest as morphologically and biologically distinct from H. r. pinifex . Also, the distribution of the scale-like setae used in his subspecies determination represents a variation occurring across the two species’ distributions that was not observed by Wood (1982). Other characters such as the reticulate surface of the pronotal interspaces and the more regularly sized pronotal punctures of H. rugipennis are constant throughout the two species’ distributions. The fact that H. rugipennis was found in areas where its host Pinus monticola and some of the known hosts of H. pinifex co-occur, but apparently not in areas where these conditions are not met explains the species’ sympatry in areas in Alberta, British Columbia and the Sierra Nevada of California (see black arrows, Fig. 19). In this revision, H. rugipennis is treated as a distinct species from H. pinifex based on the characters specified in the key and other characters included in the description of the two species. Hylurgops rugipennis , as defined herein, is restricted to the coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest from Kodiak Island in Alaska to Monterey in California and east to the Northern Rockies in Alberta, British Columbia; Idaho; Washington; and the Sierra Nevada of California (Fig. 19). In its coastal range from Alaska to extreme northern California, the species occurs primarily in Picea sitchensis . South from there, the species’ range seems determined by the occurrence of the coastal “closed cone pine” species, Pinus attenuata , P. muricata , and P. radiata . The distribution of H. rugipennis east of the Canadian Cascade Mountains into the Northern Rockies primarily follows the distribution of P. monticola , which extends up to the Waterton Lakes National Park in Alberta. In the Sierra Nevada, the southernmost distribution of the species into central California appears delimited by this conifer host as well. : Published as part of Mercado-Vélez, Javier E. & Negrón, José F., 2014, Revision of the new world species of Hylurgops LeConte, 1876 with the description of a new genus in the Hylastini (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) and comments on some Palearctic species, pp. 301-342 in Zootaxa 3785 (3) on pages 321-323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/252614 : {"references": ["Mannerheim, C. G. (1843) Beitrag zur kaefer-fauna der Aleutischen Inseln, der Insel Sitkha und Neu-Californiens. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 16, 3 - 142. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 37833", "Mannerheim, C. G. (1852) Zweiter Nachtrag zur Kaefer-fauna der Nord-Amerikanischen Laender des Russischen Reiches. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 25, 284 - 387.", "LeConte, J. L. (1876) Family IX, Scolytidae. In: LeConte, J. L. & Horn, G. H. (Eds.), The Rhynchophora of America North of Mexico. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 15 (96), pp. 341 - 391.", "Wood, S. L. (1982) The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 6, 1 - 1359.", "Bright, D. E. & Stark, R. W. (1973) The Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of California: Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 169 pp.", "Patterson, G. K. & Hatch, M. H. (1945) An annotated list of the Scolytoidea of Washington. University of Washington Publications in Biology, 10 (4), 145 - 154.", "LeConte, J. L. (1868) Synopsis of the Scolytidae of America North of Mexico, Appendix. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 2 (1), pp. 150 - 178.", "Chapuis, F. (1869) Synopsis des Scolytides (Prodrome d'un travail monographique). Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, Liege, Belgium, 61 pp.", "Chapuis, F. (1873) Synopsis des Scolytides. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, 2 (3), 213 - 269.", "Wood, S. L. (1971 a) Family Scolytidae (Ipidae). In: Hatch (Ed.), The Beetles of the Pacific Northwest: Part V: Rhipiceroidea, Sternoxi, Phytophaga, Rhynchophora, and Lamellicornia. University of Washington Press, Seattle, pp. 395 - 428.", "Bright, D. E. (1976) The Insects and Arachnids of Canada, Part 2: The Bark Beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ontario, 241 pp."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Mercado-Vélez, Javier E. Negrón, José F. |
author_facet |
Mercado-Vélez, Javier E. Negrón, José F. |
author_sort |
Mercado-Vélez, Javier E. |
title |
Hylurgops rugipennis Mannerheim 1843 |
title_short |
Hylurgops rugipennis Mannerheim 1843 |
title_full |
Hylurgops rugipennis Mannerheim 1843 |
title_fullStr |
Hylurgops rugipennis Mannerheim 1843 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hylurgops rugipennis Mannerheim 1843 |
title_sort |
hylurgops rugipennis mannerheim 1843 |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691408 https://zenodo.org/record/5691408 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-125.003,-125.003,54.000,54.000) ENVELOPE(-85.940,-85.940,79.990,79.990) ENVELOPE(-57.467,-57.467,-63.267,-63.267) ENVELOPE(77.955,77.955,-68.605,-68.605) ENVELOPE(-54.531,-54.531,49.667,49.667) ENVELOPE(-153.167,-153.167,-86.183,-86.183) ENVELOPE(-136.217,-136.217,-75.083,-75.083) ENVELOPE(156.450,156.450,-83.050,-83.050) ENVELOPE(62.789,62.789,-67.787,-67.787) ENVELOPE(-67.338,-67.338,-68.785,-68.785) ENVELOPE(-131.991,-131.991,53.266,53.266) ENVELOPE(-56.632,-56.632,49.783,49.783) ENVELOPE(-123.446,-123.446,59.074,59.074) ENVELOPE(-131.521,-131.521,52.871,52.871) ENVELOPE(-131.598,-131.598,52.838,52.838) ENVELOPE(-131.930,-131.930,53.562,53.562) ENVELOPE(-131.799,-131.799,54.074,54.074) |
geographic |
Canada Pacific Long Beach British Columbia Eureka Mercado Lookout Red Rock Stump Otis Cape Lookout Lorna Keyhole Skidegate Westport Northern Rockies Reef Island Laskeek Bay Tlell Tow Hill |
geographic_facet |
Canada Pacific Long Beach British Columbia Eureka Mercado Lookout Red Rock Stump Otis Cape Lookout Lorna Keyhole Skidegate Westport Northern Rockies Reef Island Laskeek Bay Tlell Tow Hill |
genre |
glacier Kodiak Alaska |
genre_facet |
glacier Kodiak Alaska |
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op_rights |
Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691408 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.1 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252619 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252631 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252630 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252621 https://do |
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5691408 2023-05-15T16:20:47+02:00 Hylurgops rugipennis Mannerheim 1843 Mercado-Vélez, Javier E. Negrón, José F. 2014 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691408 https://zenodo.org/record/5691408 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/252614 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFD3A24EFFE2333D0372FFCF5F41FFC7 http://zoobank.org/6D6FCCF0-DA35-4F72-9420-07FDF9158E3F https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.1 http://zenodo.org/record/252614 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFD3A24EFFE2333D0372FFCF5F41FFC7 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252619 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252631 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252630 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252621 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252633 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252627 http://zoobank.org/6D6FCCF0-DA35-4F72-9420-07FDF9158E3F https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691409 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Curculionidae Hylurgops Hylurgops rugipennis Taxonomic treatment article-journal Text ScholarlyArticle 2014 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691408 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.1 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252619 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252631 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252630 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252621 https://do 2022-02-08T13:42:09Z Hylurgops rugipennis (Mannerheim, 1843) (Figures 5 a, 6 d, 7 c, 13 b, 15 c, 16 a, 17 c, 19) Hylurgus rugipennis Mannerheim, 1843: 297 (Sitka Island, Alaska, USA, lost) Hylastes rugipennis , Mannerheim, 1852: 385 (not previously documented) Hylurgops rugipennis , LeConte, 1876: 390 H. rugipennis rugipennis , Wood, 1982: 89 H. rugipennis pinifex , Wood, 1982: 90 Diagnosis. Hylurgops rugipennis is reddish brown above, usually darker ventrally and its pronotum is broad and strongly constricted anteriorly (Fig. 17 c). It is distinguished from H. pinifex at> 50 × magnification by the distinct and complete pronotal reticulation (Fig. 16 a), by the regularly-sized pronotal punctures (Fig. 16 a), by the narrower metatibia, by the ventral lobe of the aedeagus (Fig. 7 c), and by its more restricted distribution (Fig. 19). Description. Size . Length 3.7–4.7 (avg. 4.2 ± 0.3) mm long, 2.4 × longer than wide. Color . Mature adult reddish to brownish-red with dark spots on anterior margin of pronotum, ventrally dark reddish-brown to nearly black, ventrites light reddish-brown. Frons . Transverse impression strong (Fig. 5 a); inter-puncture areas reticulate, rarely shiny; carina broadly elevated, surface shiny; vestiture hair-like, longer on lower half, 2–7 × the length of a puncture’s diameter. Pronotum . Broad, 0.9 –1.0 (0.93 ± 0.02), slightly narrower than elytral base, distinctly constricted on anterior third, widest anterior to middle; lateral margin narrowly rounded on basal fourth, becoming broadly rounded on central two fourths and broadly constricted on anterior fourth; middle line slightly raised, extends from base sometimes across entire pronotal length, discal surface reticulate (Fig. 16 a), rarely glossy; discal punctures of two equally abundant sizes, small two-thirds the size of large, inner surface shiny, inter puncture area reticulate; vestiture short, recumbent, hair-like setae indistinct to the length of a large discal punctures on disc, 2 × the length near margins. Elytra . Anterior margin moderately procurved, slightly raised dark margin; striae shallowly concave with round to keyhole-shaped, smooth, dark punctures, averaging half their diameter apart at disc; interstriae wide as first striae, wider than rest, smooth, shiny, minutely punctate (seen at> 50 × magnification), each with a short, recumbent hair-like setae becoming scale-like on posterior half to declivity and a central punctate granule with a long, sub-erect hair-like setae as long as a strial puncture appearing as rugosities on disc, separated by length of 1.5 strial puncture diameter. Declivity . Striae slightly impressed, less than half as wide as interstriae, punctures oval and deep, some keyhole-shaped, smaller than at disc, separated by distance equal to their diameter, 2 nd interstriae slightly impressed, wider than 1 st, 3 rd widest to equal than 2 nd, usually intersecting 6 th (Fig. 13 b) all with regularly spaced pointed granules, 2 punctures width apart; vestiture scale-like, short, recumbent, confused and a central reddish, erect, hair-like setae as long as strial width. Ventral sclerites . Surface punctured, interspaces reticulate; recumbent setae hair-like, as long as size of three punctures or more; precoxal ridge acutely elevated. Legs . Tibia reddish, narrower than in other species; protibiae with 1 or 2 mid-sized socketed teeth before apical angle, mesotibiae with 2 mid-sized socketed teeth before apical angle, and metatibiae broad with 3 medium-sized socketed teeth before apical angle; third tarsal segments bilobed, broader than second. Aedeagus . Showing a distinct ventral lobe (Fig. 7 d). Male . Declivital hair-like setae longer. Gallery : Maternal gallery longitudinal, slightly sinuate, extending up and down from entrance hole (Bright & Stark 1973), usually just over the root collar of a dead tree or stump. Larval galleries extend perpendicular to brood gallery becoming confused at later stages. These galleries can extend into the roots, often at considerable distance from the brood gallery (Bright & Stark 1973). Material examined . 250 specimens. CANADA. Alberta : Red Rock Cny. Waterton Lakes NP (CNCI). British Columbia : Creston (CNCI), 8 mi. W Creston (CNCI), 21 mi. W Creston (CNCI), 2 mi. S Salmo River, Creston (CNCI), Glacier (CNCI), Inverness (CNCI), 12 mi. S Long Beach, Tofino (CNCI), Lorna (CNCI), Mainland (CNCI), Massett, Graham Is. QCI (CNCI), 4.7 km N Renell Sound Rd. Ghost Cr., Graham Is. (CNCI), Sicamous (CNCI), Skidegate, Graham Is. (CNCI), Stanley Park, Vancouver (CNCI), 1 mi. NW Tlell, Graham Is., QCI (CNCI), Tow Hill, Graham Is. (CNCI), Trinity Valley (CNCI, DEBC), Vancouver (CNCI), Laskeek Bay, Reef Island, QCI (CNCI). USA. Alaska : 15 km N Juneau, Chichagof Is. (DEBC), Douglas Is. (DEBC), N end Douglas Is (CNCI); 12 mi. N Juneau (DEBC), 41.5 km N Juneau (CNCI); Juneau (DEBC). California : Del Norte Co. (CNCI); El Dorado Co.: Blodgett Forest UC, 10 mi. E Georgetown (CNCI); Fresno Co. (CNCI); Humboldt Co.: Eureka (CNCI); Marin Co.: 1 mi. SE Inverness (CNCI); Mendocino Co.: Mendocino (DEBC); Monterey Co.: Carmel (CNCI), Monterey (CNCI); San Mateo Co.: Año Nuevo, 28 km NNE of Santa Cruz (CNCI); Santa Cruz Co.: Swanton (CNCI); Sonoma Co.: Salt Point St. Park (DEBC); Tulare Co.: Kaweah R., Mid Fork (CNCI). Idaho : Kootenai Co.: Coeur d'Alene NF (CSUC). Oregon : Clatsop Co.: app. 3 mi. SE of Olney (CNCI); Lincoln Co.: Otis, Cascade Head Exp. For. (CNCI); Linn Co.: Santiam Pass (CNCI, DEBC); Tillamook Co.: Kiwanda viewpoint on Cape Lookout, 2.5 mi. N 1.5 mi. W Sand Lake (CNCI); Wasco Co.: Wapinitia (DEBC). Washington : (no county) Mount Rainier NP (CNCI, CSUC), (no county) Nisqually R. Mt. Rainier NP (CNCI); Grays Harbor Co.: Westport (CSUC); Jefferson Co.: Hoh Ranger Station, Olympic NP (CNCI); Pierce Co.: West Side Mt Rainier (CSUC); West Side Rd. 1.6 N Hwy 706 (CSUC). Hosts : Abies concolor , A. lasciocarpa , Callitropsis nootkatensis (see Patterson & Hatch 1945), Larix occidentalis , Picea engelmannii , P. sitchensis , Pinus attenuata , P. balfouriana , P. banksiana , P. contorta , P. lambertiana , P. monticola , P. muricata , P. ponderosa , P. radiata , Pseudotsuga menziesii , Tsuga heterophylla . Distribution (Fig. 19). NORTH AMERICA. CANADA and USA. Kodiak Island, Alaska to Monterey and Tulare in southern California; mostly east of the Rocky Mountains. Discussion. Mannerheim (1843) described Hylurgus rugipennis from the Sitka Peninsula in Alaska, and placed it in the genus Hylastes in 1852. LeConte (1868) and Chapuis (1869, 1873) supported the placement under Erichson’s (1836) second division of the genus Hylastes . LeConte (1876) placed H. rugipennis in his genus Hylurgops . Wood (1971 a) considered that H. rugipennis hybridized with H. pinifex in an area east of the Canadian Cascades to Vernon in British Columbia, later Bright (1976) considered this hybridization area to extend into Alberta. Wood (1982) reduced H. rugipennis to a subspecies because of the apparent intergrades in the above area, but the characters used to define the intergrades were not detailed by Wood (1971 a, 1982). Bright (pers. comm.) mentioned that the character used by Wood to determine the hybrids of the two species was the distribution of the scale-like setae cover in the elytra. This suggests that in the “intergradation zone,” H. rugipennis has scale-like setae extending anteriorly into the elytral disc as in H. pinifex , in contrast to the coastal forms of the species in which the scales are limited to the declivity. While considering it a subspecies, Wood (1982) described the phenotypes of H. r. rugipennis occurring throughout the Pacific Northwest as morphologically and biologically distinct from H. r. pinifex . Also, the distribution of the scale-like setae used in his subspecies determination represents a variation occurring across the two species’ distributions that was not observed by Wood (1982). Other characters such as the reticulate surface of the pronotal interspaces and the more regularly sized pronotal punctures of H. rugipennis are constant throughout the two species’ distributions. The fact that H. rugipennis was found in areas where its host Pinus monticola and some of the known hosts of H. pinifex co-occur, but apparently not in areas where these conditions are not met explains the species’ sympatry in areas in Alberta, British Columbia and the Sierra Nevada of California (see black arrows, Fig. 19). In this revision, H. rugipennis is treated as a distinct species from H. pinifex based on the characters specified in the key and other characters included in the description of the two species. Hylurgops rugipennis , as defined herein, is restricted to the coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest from Kodiak Island in Alaska to Monterey in California and east to the Northern Rockies in Alberta, British Columbia; Idaho; Washington; and the Sierra Nevada of California (Fig. 19). In its coastal range from Alaska to extreme northern California, the species occurs primarily in Picea sitchensis . South from there, the species’ range seems determined by the occurrence of the coastal “closed cone pine” species, Pinus attenuata , P. muricata , and P. radiata . The distribution of H. rugipennis east of the Canadian Cascade Mountains into the Northern Rockies primarily follows the distribution of P. monticola , which extends up to the Waterton Lakes National Park in Alberta. In the Sierra Nevada, the southernmost distribution of the species into central California appears delimited by this conifer host as well. : Published as part of Mercado-Vélez, Javier E. & Negrón, José F., 2014, Revision of the new world species of Hylurgops LeConte, 1876 with the description of a new genus in the Hylastini (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) and comments on some Palearctic species, pp. 301-342 in Zootaxa 3785 (3) on pages 321-323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/252614 : {"references": ["Mannerheim, C. G. (1843) Beitrag zur kaefer-fauna der Aleutischen Inseln, der Insel Sitkha und Neu-Californiens. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 16, 3 - 142. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 37833", "Mannerheim, C. G. (1852) Zweiter Nachtrag zur Kaefer-fauna der Nord-Amerikanischen Laender des Russischen Reiches. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 25, 284 - 387.", "LeConte, J. L. (1876) Family IX, Scolytidae. In: LeConte, J. L. & Horn, G. H. (Eds.), The Rhynchophora of America North of Mexico. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 15 (96), pp. 341 - 391.", "Wood, S. L. (1982) The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 6, 1 - 1359.", "Bright, D. E. & Stark, R. W. (1973) The Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of California: Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 169 pp.", "Patterson, G. K. & Hatch, M. H. (1945) An annotated list of the Scolytoidea of Washington. University of Washington Publications in Biology, 10 (4), 145 - 154.", "LeConte, J. L. (1868) Synopsis of the Scolytidae of America North of Mexico, Appendix. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 2 (1), pp. 150 - 178.", "Chapuis, F. (1869) Synopsis des Scolytides (Prodrome d'un travail monographique). Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, Liege, Belgium, 61 pp.", "Chapuis, F. (1873) Synopsis des Scolytides. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, 2 (3), 213 - 269.", "Wood, S. L. (1971 a) Family Scolytidae (Ipidae). In: Hatch (Ed.), The Beetles of the Pacific Northwest: Part V: Rhipiceroidea, Sternoxi, Phytophaga, Rhynchophora, and Lamellicornia. University of Washington Press, Seattle, pp. 395 - 428.", "Bright, D. E. (1976) The Insects and Arachnids of Canada, Part 2: The Bark Beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ontario, 241 pp."]} Text glacier Kodiak Alaska DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Canada Pacific Long Beach British Columbia ENVELOPE(-125.003,-125.003,54.000,54.000) Eureka ENVELOPE(-85.940,-85.940,79.990,79.990) Mercado ENVELOPE(-57.467,-57.467,-63.267,-63.267) Lookout ENVELOPE(77.955,77.955,-68.605,-68.605) Red Rock ENVELOPE(-54.531,-54.531,49.667,49.667) Stump ENVELOPE(-153.167,-153.167,-86.183,-86.183) Otis ENVELOPE(-136.217,-136.217,-75.083,-75.083) Cape Lookout ENVELOPE(156.450,156.450,-83.050,-83.050) Lorna ENVELOPE(62.789,62.789,-67.787,-67.787) Keyhole ENVELOPE(-67.338,-67.338,-68.785,-68.785) Skidegate ENVELOPE(-131.991,-131.991,53.266,53.266) Westport ENVELOPE(-56.632,-56.632,49.783,49.783) Northern Rockies ENVELOPE(-123.446,-123.446,59.074,59.074) Reef Island ENVELOPE(-131.521,-131.521,52.871,52.871) Laskeek Bay ENVELOPE(-131.598,-131.598,52.838,52.838) Tlell ENVELOPE(-131.930,-131.930,53.562,53.562) Tow Hill ENVELOPE(-131.799,-131.799,54.074,54.074) |