Genomic basis for skin phenotype and cold adaptation in the extinct Steller's sea cow
Steller's sea cow, an extinct sirenian and one of the largest Quaternary mammals, was described by Georg Steller in 1741 and eradicated by humans within 27 years. Here, we complement Steller's descriptions with paleogenomic data from 12 individuals. We identified convergent evolution betwe...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Other/Unknown Material |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
Zenodo
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665275 https://zenodo.org/record/5665275 |
id |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5665275 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5665275 2023-05-15T15:42:30+02:00 Genomic basis for skin phenotype and cold adaptation in the extinct Steller's sea cow Velluva, Akhil Le Duc, Diana Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly Olsen, Remi-Andre Baleka, Sina Lin, Chen-Ching R. Lemke, Johannes R. Southon, John Burdin, Alexander Wang, Ming-Shan Grunewald, Sonja Rosendahl, Wilfried Joger, Ulrich Rutschmann, Sereina B. Hildebrandt, Thomas Fritsch, Guido A. Estes, James Kelso, Janet Dalén, Love Hofreiter, Michael Shapiro, Beth Schöneberg, Torsten 2021 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665275 https://zenodo.org/record/5665275 unknown Zenodo https://zenodo.org/communities/dryad https://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz673 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665274 https://zenodo.org/communities/dryad Open Access Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY CreativeWork article Other 2021 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665275 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz673 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665274 2022-02-08T14:57:16Z Steller's sea cow, an extinct sirenian and one of the largest Quaternary mammals, was described by Georg Steller in 1741 and eradicated by humans within 27 years. Here, we complement Steller's descriptions with paleogenomic data from 12 individuals. We identified convergent evolution between Steller's sea cow and cetaceans but not extant sirenians, suggesting a role of several genes in adaptation to cold environments. Among these are inactivations of lipoxygenase genes, which in humans and mouse models cause ichthyosis – a skin disease characterized by a thick, hyperkeratotic epidermis that recapitulates Steller's sea cows' reportedly bark-like skin. Finally, we found that Steller's sea cows' abundance was continuously declining for tens of thousands of years prior to their description, implying that environmental changes also contributed to their extinction. : We extracted ancient DNA from fragmentary remains of 12 Steller's sea cow individuals recovered from beaches of Bering Island, which we radiocarbon dated to 2205–1155 BP. We sequenced the genomes of two of the best preserved of these (SNMB N51667 from the Braunschweig Natural History Museum and SC16.JK045 from the collection of the Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute, RAS Museum) to 15.86 and 15.63× coverage, respectively, and the remaining ten to an average coverage of 2.78× (range 1.97–3.95×). Other/Unknown Material Bering Island Kamchatka Steller's sea cow DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Pacific |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
unknown |
description |
Steller's sea cow, an extinct sirenian and one of the largest Quaternary mammals, was described by Georg Steller in 1741 and eradicated by humans within 27 years. Here, we complement Steller's descriptions with paleogenomic data from 12 individuals. We identified convergent evolution between Steller's sea cow and cetaceans but not extant sirenians, suggesting a role of several genes in adaptation to cold environments. Among these are inactivations of lipoxygenase genes, which in humans and mouse models cause ichthyosis – a skin disease characterized by a thick, hyperkeratotic epidermis that recapitulates Steller's sea cows' reportedly bark-like skin. Finally, we found that Steller's sea cows' abundance was continuously declining for tens of thousands of years prior to their description, implying that environmental changes also contributed to their extinction. : We extracted ancient DNA from fragmentary remains of 12 Steller's sea cow individuals recovered from beaches of Bering Island, which we radiocarbon dated to 2205–1155 BP. We sequenced the genomes of two of the best preserved of these (SNMB N51667 from the Braunschweig Natural History Museum and SC16.JK045 from the collection of the Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute, RAS Museum) to 15.86 and 15.63× coverage, respectively, and the remaining ten to an average coverage of 2.78× (range 1.97–3.95×). |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Velluva, Akhil Le Duc, Diana Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly Olsen, Remi-Andre Baleka, Sina Lin, Chen-Ching R. Lemke, Johannes R. Southon, John Burdin, Alexander Wang, Ming-Shan Grunewald, Sonja Rosendahl, Wilfried Joger, Ulrich Rutschmann, Sereina B. Hildebrandt, Thomas Fritsch, Guido A. Estes, James Kelso, Janet Dalén, Love Hofreiter, Michael Shapiro, Beth Schöneberg, Torsten |
spellingShingle |
Velluva, Akhil Le Duc, Diana Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly Olsen, Remi-Andre Baleka, Sina Lin, Chen-Ching R. Lemke, Johannes R. Southon, John Burdin, Alexander Wang, Ming-Shan Grunewald, Sonja Rosendahl, Wilfried Joger, Ulrich Rutschmann, Sereina B. Hildebrandt, Thomas Fritsch, Guido A. Estes, James Kelso, Janet Dalén, Love Hofreiter, Michael Shapiro, Beth Schöneberg, Torsten Genomic basis for skin phenotype and cold adaptation in the extinct Steller's sea cow |
author_facet |
Velluva, Akhil Le Duc, Diana Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly Olsen, Remi-Andre Baleka, Sina Lin, Chen-Ching R. Lemke, Johannes R. Southon, John Burdin, Alexander Wang, Ming-Shan Grunewald, Sonja Rosendahl, Wilfried Joger, Ulrich Rutschmann, Sereina B. Hildebrandt, Thomas Fritsch, Guido A. Estes, James Kelso, Janet Dalén, Love Hofreiter, Michael Shapiro, Beth Schöneberg, Torsten |
author_sort |
Velluva, Akhil |
title |
Genomic basis for skin phenotype and cold adaptation in the extinct Steller's sea cow |
title_short |
Genomic basis for skin phenotype and cold adaptation in the extinct Steller's sea cow |
title_full |
Genomic basis for skin phenotype and cold adaptation in the extinct Steller's sea cow |
title_fullStr |
Genomic basis for skin phenotype and cold adaptation in the extinct Steller's sea cow |
title_full_unstemmed |
Genomic basis for skin phenotype and cold adaptation in the extinct Steller's sea cow |
title_sort |
genomic basis for skin phenotype and cold adaptation in the extinct steller's sea cow |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665275 https://zenodo.org/record/5665275 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Bering Island Kamchatka Steller's sea cow |
genre_facet |
Bering Island Kamchatka Steller's sea cow |
op_relation |
https://zenodo.org/communities/dryad https://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz673 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665274 https://zenodo.org/communities/dryad |
op_rights |
Open Access Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665275 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz673 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665274 |
_version_ |
1766376240762060800 |