Pherusa Oken 1807
Pherusa Oken, 1807, restricted Pherusa Oken, 1807:1168, 1815:377.— Støp-Bowitz, 1948a:13 ( partim ).— Day, 1967:658 ( partim ).— Fauchald, 1977:117 ( partim ). Pennaria de Blainville, 1818:81 ( non Oken, 1815, nec Goldfuss, 1820). Flemingia Johnston, 1846:447. Type species : Amphitrite plumosa Mülle...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Text |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
Zenodo
2014
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5498971 https://zenodo.org/record/5498971 |
id |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5498971 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Flabelligeridae Pherusa |
spellingShingle |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Flabelligeridae Pherusa Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. Pherusa Oken 1807 |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Flabelligeridae Pherusa |
description |
Pherusa Oken, 1807, restricted Pherusa Oken, 1807:1168, 1815:377.— Støp-Bowitz, 1948a:13 ( partim ).— Day, 1967:658 ( partim ).— Fauchald, 1977:117 ( partim ). Pennaria de Blainville, 1818:81 ( non Oken, 1815, nec Goldfuss, 1820). Flemingia Johnston, 1846:447. Type species : Amphitrite plumosa Müller, 1776, by original designation. Diagnosis (emended). Body cylindrical, tapered posteriorly. Cephalic cage well developed. Some species with anterior chaetigers with large papillae over their anterior margins. Body papillae cylindrical, digitate, capitate, sometimes forming sediment tubercles, arranged in alternating transverse bands. Medial chaetigers with falcate anchylosed neurohooks, shorter than body width; tips rarely paler, stiff. Branchiae cirriform, eight filaments, arranged into a continuous posterior row with four filaments, and two lateral groups, each with two filaments. Remarks. After Fauchald (1977), there are several genera that have been regarded as junior synonyms of Pherusa : Balanochaeta Chamberlin, 1919, Flemingia Johnston, 1846, Lophocephalus Costa, 1841, Stylarioides delle Chiaje, 1841 (sic), and Trophonia Cuvier, 1830 (sic). This synonymy should be restricted. Balanochaeta has Stylarioides eruca Claparède as the type species, but the latter belongs in Piromis Kinberg, 1867, as shown by Day (1973:108–109; Salazar-Vallejo 2011a). Stylarioides was recognized as an independent genus (Salazar-Vallejo 2011b) because it has two pedunculate branchiae, each with filaments spirally arranged, not only eight similar cirriform branchiae as is the case in Pherusa as such, Stylarioides includes both Lophocephalus and Trophonia . The restricted synonymy should only include Pennaria de Blainville, 1818, a genus overlooked by Fauchald (1977), and Flemingia Johnston, 1846. De Blainville (1818:81) introduced the former after presenting the original diagnosis by Oken (1815), by indicating that he recognized a distinct genus and thought about using a name for it, before knowing Oken’s diagnosis: “... Pennaria avant de connaitre l’ouvrage de M. Ocken (sic), ne renferme que l’ Amphitrite plumosa de Muller;”, and consequently it is a junior objective or homotypic synonym of Pherusa . On the other hand, Flemingia was proposed (Johnston 1846:447) to host Amphitrite plumosa, type species for Pherusa, and F. muricata Johnston, 1832 (sic, not a publication), which is a nomen nudum since no description was included. It must be noticed that this latter name was introduced by Baird (1834:15), so that the correct name should be Fleminia muricata Johnston in Baird, 1834. However, Flemingia , or Fleminia , was withdrawn by Johnston himself by stating that he had missed the generic definition, and used Trophonia instead (Johnston 1865:223, footnote). However, because the genus was proposed to host the type species of Pherusa, Flemingia also became its junior objective or homotypic synonym (ICZN 1999, Art. 61.3.3). Hartmann-Schröder (1996:419) proposed the most recent diagnosis for Pherusa . The main difference with the above emended diagnosis is that she included P. flabellata Sars, 1872 and P. falcata Støp-Bowitz, 1948 as provided with pseudocompound neurochaetae. As shown elsewhere (Salazar-Vallejo 2013:239), the former species belongs in Therochaeta Chamberlin, 1919, whereas the latter lacks pseudocompound neurohooks but has lamispines, and consequently is transferred below to Lamispina n. gen. The emended diagnosis restricts the type of neurochaetae present, either falcate, tapered cylindrical hooks or lamispines; this is the main difference between this diagnosis and with previous ones. This is an important and easy observed difference and is used to separate Pherusa and Lamispina n. gen. As currently restricted, Pherusa contains 13 species, including six newly described: P. plumosa (Müller, 1776), type-species, restricted, from Greenland, P. affinis (Leidy, 1855) from the NW Atlantic, P. andersonorum n. sp. from the NE Pacific (California), P. aspera (Stimpson, 1854) from the NW Atlantic, P. hobsonae n. sp. from the NE Pacific (Washington), P. incrustata Quatrefages, 1866, reinstated from the Mediterranean Sea, P. mikacae n. sp. from the Adriatic Sea, P. moorei n. sp. from the NW Pacific (Japan), P. neopapillata Hartman, 1961 from the NE Pacific (California), P. nipponica n. sp. from the NW Pacific (Japan), P. obscura Quatrefages, 1866 reinstated from the NE Atlantic (France), P. papillata (Johnson, 1901) from the NE Pacific (Washington), P. rullieri n. sp. from the Eastern tropical Atlantic (Benin), and P. sibogae (Caullery, 1944) n. comb. from Western Timor, Indonesia. Distribution. Pherusa species live mostly in temperate environments, only two species are known from tropical, subtidal depths. Their depth distribution indicates the species are mostly found in shallow water, with nine species present from subtidal depths to about 50 m, two have depth distributions to about 200 m, and two in deeper waters, down to about 600 m. Key to Pherusa- like genera 1. Medial chaetigers with neurochaetae falcate, shorter than body width, rarely pale distally, always unidentate, rarely aristate.............................................................................. Pherusa Oken, 1807 restricted - Medial chaetigers with neurochaetae slightly curved, as long as body width, each basally cylindrical, distally flat, pale or hya- line, tips sometimes hooded or bidentate..................................................... Lamispina n. gen. Key to species of Pherusa Oken, 1807 restricted 1. Body papillae covered by sediment particles, forming a thick layer or ovoid structures on them........................ 2 - Body papillae with few or completely lacking sediment particles, never forming tubercles........................... 8 2(1). Papillae of anterior chaetigers with only fine sediment particles................................................ 3 - Papillae of anterior chaetigers with sand grains.............................................................. 4 3(2). Medial chaetigers with 6–8 transverse series of dorsal papillae; neurohooks brownish, slightly falcate................................................................................. P. plumosa (Müller, 1776) restricted, Greenland - Median chaetigers with 3–4 transverse series of dorsal papillae; neurohooks yellowish to brown, markedly curved.............................................................................. P. nipponica n. sp. NW Pacific (Japan) 4(2). Sand particles present on entire dorsal surface.............................................................. 5 - Sand particles restricted to dorsal surface of anterior or anterior to medial chaetigers................................ 6 5(4). Medial and posterior parapodia with 5–6 neurohooks (body 2 mm wide)......... P. aspera (Stimpson, 1854) NW Atlantic - Medial and posterior parapodia with 3–4 neurohooks (body 2.8 mm wide).. P. andersonorum n. sp. NE Pacific (California) 6(4). Medial chaetigers with 5–6 transverse series of papillae; cephalic cage chaetae more than 3x as long as body width.......................................................... P. obscura Quatrefages, 1849 reinstated, NE Atlantic (France) - Medial chaetigers with 7–10 transverse rows of papillae; cephalic cage chaetae 2–3 x as long as body width............. 7 7(6). Sand particles present dorsally on anterior to medial segments; cephalic cage chaetae abundant (10–14 notochaetae, 6–8 neurochaetae per bundle).................................. P. incrustata Quatrefages, 1866 reinstated, Mediterranean Sea - Sand particles restricted to anterior segments; cephalic cage chaetae sparse (6–8 chaetae per fascicle)........................................................................... P. neopapillata Hartman, 1961 NE Pacific (California) 8(1). Neurohooks from chaetiger 4............................................................................ 9 - Neurohooks from chaetiger 5, slightly curved, blunt; cephalic cage chaetae more than twice as long as body width; chaetigers 1–3 with a series of large digitate papillae over their anterior margin................ P. affinis (Leidy, 1855) NW Atlantic 9(8). Medial and posterior neurohooks falcate.................................................................. 10 - Medial and posterior neurohooks slightly curved, aristate.................................................... 12 10(9). Medial chaetigers with 2–3 transverse series of dorsal papillae; medial parapodia with 5–6 notochaetae, 2–3 neurochaetae; cephalic cage twice as long as body width............................... P. hobsonae n. sp. NE Pacific (Washington) - Medial chaetigers with more than 10 transverse series of dorsal papillae per segment............................... 11 11(10). Dorsal papillae globose; integument pale; medial parapodia with 3–4 neurohooks; medial chaetigers with 10–12 transverse series of papillae........................................... P. papillata (Johnson, 1901) NE Pacific (Washington) - Dorsal papillae depressed; integument brownish; medial parapodia with 5 neurohooks; medial chaetigers with 16–20 transverse series of papillae................................................. P. mikacae n. sp. Adriatic Sea (Croatia) 12(9). Cephalic cage chaetae twice as long as body width.......................................................... 13 - Cephalic cage chaetae 4x longer than body width; medial chaetigers with 25–30 transverse series of dorsal papillae............................................................................... P. moorei n. sp. NW Pacific (Japan) 13(12). Medial chaetigers with 20–26 transverse series of dorsal papillae, without sand grains............................................................................................. P. rullieri n. sp. Eastern tropical Atlantic (Benin) - Medial chaetigers with one transverse series of three papillae, with sand grains....................................................................................... P. sibogae (Caullery, 1944) n. comb. Western Timor, Indonesia : Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2014, Revision of Pherusa Oken, 1807 (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae), pp. 1-61 in Zootaxa 3886 (1) on pages 7-9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3886.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951874 : {"references": ["Oken, L. (1807) (Untitled). Gottingische gelehrte Anzeigen 1807 (2), Stuck 117 (23 Julius 1807), 1161 - 1168. Available from: http: / / rep. adw-goe. de / handle / 11858 / 00 - 001 S- 0000 - 0001 - 93 F 5 - E", "Oken, L. (1815) Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte, 3. Theil Zoologie, 1. Fleischlose Thiere, and Atlas. August Schmid & Co., Jena, 841 pp.", "Stop-Bowitz, C. (1948 a) Les Flabelligeriens Norvegiens. Bergens Museums Arbok, 1946 (2), 1 - 59.", "Day, J. H. (1967) A Monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. British Museum (Natural History) Publications, 656, 38 + 878 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8596", "Fauchald, K. (1977) The polychaete worms: Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series, 28, 1 - 190.", "de Blainville, H. (1818) Memoire sur la classe des Setipodes, partie des Vers a sang rouge de M. Cuvier et des Annelides de M. de Lamark. Bulletin des Sciences, Societe Philomatique de Paris, 1818, 78 - 85.", "Goldfuss, G. A. (1820) Handbuch der Zoologie. Erste Abteilung. Schrag, Nurnberg, 696 pp.", "Johnston, G. (1846) An index to the British Annelides. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Supplement, 16, 433 - 462.", "Muller, O. F. (1776) Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum. Characteres, nomina et synonyma imprimis popularium. Hallageriis, Havniae (Copenhagen), 274 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13268", "Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta of the Albatross Tropical Pacific Expedition, 1891 - 1905. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 48, 1 - 514. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / bibliography / 49195 / summary (Accessed 1 Nov. 2014)", "Costa, O. G. (1841) Description des quelques annelides nouvelles du golfe de Naples. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Zoologie), Serie 2, 16, 267 - 280.", "delle Chiaje, S. (1841) Animali senza Vertebre del Regno di Napoli. Descrizione e notomia degli animali invertebrati della Sicilia citeriore osservati vivi negli anni 1822 - 1830: 1. Molluschi Cefalopedi e Pteropedi; 2. Molluschi Gasteropedi; 3. Molluschi Acefali, Bracciopedi, Cirropedi, Crostacei, Anellosi. Batelli e Comp., Napoli, 1: 19 + 98, 2: 1 - 146; 3: 1 - 142, 6: Plates 1 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10031", "Cuvier, G. (1830) Le Regne Animal distribue apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'Histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. Deterville, Paris, vol. 2. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1964", "Kinberg, J. G. H. (1867) Annulata Nova (Anthostomea, Chloraemea, Chaetopterea, Maldanea, Ammocharidea, Ampharetea, Terebellea, Heremellea, Serpulea, Teletusea). Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 23, 337 - 357.", "Day, J. H. (1973) New Polychaeta from Beaufort, with a key to all species recorded from North Carolina. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Technical Report of the National Marine Fisheries Service, Circular, 375, 1 - 153. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62852", "Salazar-Vallejo, S. I. (2011 a) Revision of Piromis Kinberg, 1867 and Pycnoderma Grube, 1877 (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa, 2819, 1 - 50.", "Salazar-Vallejo, S. I. (2011 b) Revision of Stylarioides delle Chiaje, 1831 (Annelida: Polychaeta). Italian Journal of Zoology 78 (Supplement 1), 163 - 200. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2011.606985", "Baird, A. (1834) Address read at the Second Anniversary Meeting of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, held at Dunse, September 18, 1833. In: History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, held at Dunse, September 18, 1833. Edinburgh, pp. 12 - 18. Available: https: // archive. org / details / historyofberwick 01 berw (Accessed 1 Nov. 2014)", "Johnston, G. (1865) A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitic Worms in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 365 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12291", "ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature (The Natural History Museum), London, 306 pp (www. iczn. org / iczn / index. jsp). http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 50608", "Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1996) Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 58, 2 nd ed., Fischer, Jena, 645 pp.", "Salazar-Vallejo, S. I. (2013) Revision of Therochaeta Chamberlin, 1919 (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae). Zoosystema, 35, 227 - 263. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2013 n 2 a 7", "Leidy, J. (1855) Contributions toward a knowledge of the marine invertebrate fauna, of the coasts of Rhode Island and New Jersey. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 3, 135 - 158.", "Stimpson, W. (1854) Synopsis of the marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan, or the region about the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 6, 1 - 67. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30062", "Quatrefages, A. de (1866 (1865 )) Histoire Naturelle des Anneles Marins et d'Eau Douce: Annelides et Gephyriens. Tome Premier. Collection des Suites a Buffon formant avec les Oeuvres de cet auteur un Cours Complet d'Histoire Naturelle. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 588 pp [Wright, E. P. (1866) Annelida. Zoological Record, Section 6 (Annelida, etc.), 578 - 600.]", "Hartman, O. (1961) Polychaetous annelids from California. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 25, 1 - 226.", "Johnson, H. P. (1901) The Polychaeta of the Puget Sound region. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 29, 381 - 437.", "Caullery, M. (1944) Polychetes sedentaires de l'Expedition du Siboga: Ariciidae, Spionidae, Chaetopteridae, Chlorhaemidae, Opheliidae, Oweniidae, Sabellaridae, Sternaspidae, Amphictenidae, Anpharetidae, Terebellidae. Siboga-Expeditie, Leiden, 24 (2 bis), 1 - 204.", "Quatrefages, A. de (1849) Etudes sur les types inferieurs de l'embranchment des Anneles. Memoire sur la Famille des Chloremiens, Chloraemea, Nob. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Troisieme Serie (Zoologie), 12, 277 - 306, pls. 9 - 10. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51505"]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. |
author_facet |
Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. |
author_sort |
Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. |
title |
Pherusa Oken 1807 |
title_short |
Pherusa Oken 1807 |
title_full |
Pherusa Oken 1807 |
title_fullStr |
Pherusa Oken 1807 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pherusa Oken 1807 |
title_sort |
pherusa oken 1807 |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5498971 https://zenodo.org/record/5498971 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(8.748,8.748,62.793,62.793) ENVELOPE(140.021,140.021,-66.663,-66.663) ENVELOPE(16.823,16.823,68.653,68.653) |
geographic |
Greenland Pacific Manan Buffon Lamark |
geographic_facet |
Greenland Pacific Manan Buffon Lamark |
genre |
Greenland |
genre_facet |
Greenland |
op_relation |
http://zenodo.org/record/4951874 http://publication.plazi.org/id/8670FFAB3246FF9AFFA0FF872F77FFEA http://zoobank.org/6ADD860C-D60C-448D-BC11-19EDB74013EE https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3886.1.1 http://zenodo.org/record/4951874 http://publication.plazi.org/id/8670FFAB3246FF9AFFA0FF872F77FFEA http://zoobank.org/6ADD860C-D60C-448D-BC11-19EDB74013EE https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5498972 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit |
op_rights |
Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5498971 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3886.1.1 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5498972 |
_version_ |
1766020602588561408 |
spelling |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5498971 2023-05-15T16:30:50+02:00 Pherusa Oken 1807 Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. 2014 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5498971 https://zenodo.org/record/5498971 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/4951874 http://publication.plazi.org/id/8670FFAB3246FF9AFFA0FF872F77FFEA http://zoobank.org/6ADD860C-D60C-448D-BC11-19EDB74013EE https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3886.1.1 http://zenodo.org/record/4951874 http://publication.plazi.org/id/8670FFAB3246FF9AFFA0FF872F77FFEA http://zoobank.org/6ADD860C-D60C-448D-BC11-19EDB74013EE https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5498972 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Flabelligeridae Pherusa Text Taxonomic treatment article-journal ScholarlyArticle 2014 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5498971 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3886.1.1 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5498972 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z Pherusa Oken, 1807, restricted Pherusa Oken, 1807:1168, 1815:377.— Støp-Bowitz, 1948a:13 ( partim ).— Day, 1967:658 ( partim ).— Fauchald, 1977:117 ( partim ). Pennaria de Blainville, 1818:81 ( non Oken, 1815, nec Goldfuss, 1820). Flemingia Johnston, 1846:447. Type species : Amphitrite plumosa Müller, 1776, by original designation. Diagnosis (emended). Body cylindrical, tapered posteriorly. Cephalic cage well developed. Some species with anterior chaetigers with large papillae over their anterior margins. Body papillae cylindrical, digitate, capitate, sometimes forming sediment tubercles, arranged in alternating transverse bands. Medial chaetigers with falcate anchylosed neurohooks, shorter than body width; tips rarely paler, stiff. Branchiae cirriform, eight filaments, arranged into a continuous posterior row with four filaments, and two lateral groups, each with two filaments. Remarks. After Fauchald (1977), there are several genera that have been regarded as junior synonyms of Pherusa : Balanochaeta Chamberlin, 1919, Flemingia Johnston, 1846, Lophocephalus Costa, 1841, Stylarioides delle Chiaje, 1841 (sic), and Trophonia Cuvier, 1830 (sic). This synonymy should be restricted. Balanochaeta has Stylarioides eruca Claparède as the type species, but the latter belongs in Piromis Kinberg, 1867, as shown by Day (1973:108–109; Salazar-Vallejo 2011a). Stylarioides was recognized as an independent genus (Salazar-Vallejo 2011b) because it has two pedunculate branchiae, each with filaments spirally arranged, not only eight similar cirriform branchiae as is the case in Pherusa as such, Stylarioides includes both Lophocephalus and Trophonia . The restricted synonymy should only include Pennaria de Blainville, 1818, a genus overlooked by Fauchald (1977), and Flemingia Johnston, 1846. De Blainville (1818:81) introduced the former after presenting the original diagnosis by Oken (1815), by indicating that he recognized a distinct genus and thought about using a name for it, before knowing Oken’s diagnosis: “... Pennaria avant de connaitre l’ouvrage de M. Ocken (sic), ne renferme que l’ Amphitrite plumosa de Muller;”, and consequently it is a junior objective or homotypic synonym of Pherusa . On the other hand, Flemingia was proposed (Johnston 1846:447) to host Amphitrite plumosa, type species for Pherusa, and F. muricata Johnston, 1832 (sic, not a publication), which is a nomen nudum since no description was included. It must be noticed that this latter name was introduced by Baird (1834:15), so that the correct name should be Fleminia muricata Johnston in Baird, 1834. However, Flemingia , or Fleminia , was withdrawn by Johnston himself by stating that he had missed the generic definition, and used Trophonia instead (Johnston 1865:223, footnote). However, because the genus was proposed to host the type species of Pherusa, Flemingia also became its junior objective or homotypic synonym (ICZN 1999, Art. 61.3.3). Hartmann-Schröder (1996:419) proposed the most recent diagnosis for Pherusa . The main difference with the above emended diagnosis is that she included P. flabellata Sars, 1872 and P. falcata Støp-Bowitz, 1948 as provided with pseudocompound neurochaetae. As shown elsewhere (Salazar-Vallejo 2013:239), the former species belongs in Therochaeta Chamberlin, 1919, whereas the latter lacks pseudocompound neurohooks but has lamispines, and consequently is transferred below to Lamispina n. gen. The emended diagnosis restricts the type of neurochaetae present, either falcate, tapered cylindrical hooks or lamispines; this is the main difference between this diagnosis and with previous ones. This is an important and easy observed difference and is used to separate Pherusa and Lamispina n. gen. As currently restricted, Pherusa contains 13 species, including six newly described: P. plumosa (Müller, 1776), type-species, restricted, from Greenland, P. affinis (Leidy, 1855) from the NW Atlantic, P. andersonorum n. sp. from the NE Pacific (California), P. aspera (Stimpson, 1854) from the NW Atlantic, P. hobsonae n. sp. from the NE Pacific (Washington), P. incrustata Quatrefages, 1866, reinstated from the Mediterranean Sea, P. mikacae n. sp. from the Adriatic Sea, P. moorei n. sp. from the NW Pacific (Japan), P. neopapillata Hartman, 1961 from the NE Pacific (California), P. nipponica n. sp. from the NW Pacific (Japan), P. obscura Quatrefages, 1866 reinstated from the NE Atlantic (France), P. papillata (Johnson, 1901) from the NE Pacific (Washington), P. rullieri n. sp. from the Eastern tropical Atlantic (Benin), and P. sibogae (Caullery, 1944) n. comb. from Western Timor, Indonesia. Distribution. Pherusa species live mostly in temperate environments, only two species are known from tropical, subtidal depths. Their depth distribution indicates the species are mostly found in shallow water, with nine species present from subtidal depths to about 50 m, two have depth distributions to about 200 m, and two in deeper waters, down to about 600 m. Key to Pherusa- like genera 1. Medial chaetigers with neurochaetae falcate, shorter than body width, rarely pale distally, always unidentate, rarely aristate.............................................................................. Pherusa Oken, 1807 restricted - Medial chaetigers with neurochaetae slightly curved, as long as body width, each basally cylindrical, distally flat, pale or hya- line, tips sometimes hooded or bidentate..................................................... Lamispina n. gen. Key to species of Pherusa Oken, 1807 restricted 1. Body papillae covered by sediment particles, forming a thick layer or ovoid structures on them........................ 2 - Body papillae with few or completely lacking sediment particles, never forming tubercles........................... 8 2(1). Papillae of anterior chaetigers with only fine sediment particles................................................ 3 - Papillae of anterior chaetigers with sand grains.............................................................. 4 3(2). Medial chaetigers with 6–8 transverse series of dorsal papillae; neurohooks brownish, slightly falcate................................................................................. P. plumosa (Müller, 1776) restricted, Greenland - Median chaetigers with 3–4 transverse series of dorsal papillae; neurohooks yellowish to brown, markedly curved.............................................................................. P. nipponica n. sp. NW Pacific (Japan) 4(2). Sand particles present on entire dorsal surface.............................................................. 5 - Sand particles restricted to dorsal surface of anterior or anterior to medial chaetigers................................ 6 5(4). Medial and posterior parapodia with 5–6 neurohooks (body 2 mm wide)......... P. aspera (Stimpson, 1854) NW Atlantic - Medial and posterior parapodia with 3–4 neurohooks (body 2.8 mm wide).. P. andersonorum n. sp. NE Pacific (California) 6(4). Medial chaetigers with 5–6 transverse series of papillae; cephalic cage chaetae more than 3x as long as body width.......................................................... P. obscura Quatrefages, 1849 reinstated, NE Atlantic (France) - Medial chaetigers with 7–10 transverse rows of papillae; cephalic cage chaetae 2–3 x as long as body width............. 7 7(6). Sand particles present dorsally on anterior to medial segments; cephalic cage chaetae abundant (10–14 notochaetae, 6–8 neurochaetae per bundle).................................. P. incrustata Quatrefages, 1866 reinstated, Mediterranean Sea - Sand particles restricted to anterior segments; cephalic cage chaetae sparse (6–8 chaetae per fascicle)........................................................................... P. neopapillata Hartman, 1961 NE Pacific (California) 8(1). Neurohooks from chaetiger 4............................................................................ 9 - Neurohooks from chaetiger 5, slightly curved, blunt; cephalic cage chaetae more than twice as long as body width; chaetigers 1–3 with a series of large digitate papillae over their anterior margin................ P. affinis (Leidy, 1855) NW Atlantic 9(8). Medial and posterior neurohooks falcate.................................................................. 10 - Medial and posterior neurohooks slightly curved, aristate.................................................... 12 10(9). Medial chaetigers with 2–3 transverse series of dorsal papillae; medial parapodia with 5–6 notochaetae, 2–3 neurochaetae; cephalic cage twice as long as body width............................... P. hobsonae n. sp. NE Pacific (Washington) - Medial chaetigers with more than 10 transverse series of dorsal papillae per segment............................... 11 11(10). Dorsal papillae globose; integument pale; medial parapodia with 3–4 neurohooks; medial chaetigers with 10–12 transverse series of papillae........................................... P. papillata (Johnson, 1901) NE Pacific (Washington) - Dorsal papillae depressed; integument brownish; medial parapodia with 5 neurohooks; medial chaetigers with 16–20 transverse series of papillae................................................. P. mikacae n. sp. Adriatic Sea (Croatia) 12(9). Cephalic cage chaetae twice as long as body width.......................................................... 13 - Cephalic cage chaetae 4x longer than body width; medial chaetigers with 25–30 transverse series of dorsal papillae............................................................................... P. moorei n. sp. NW Pacific (Japan) 13(12). Medial chaetigers with 20–26 transverse series of dorsal papillae, without sand grains............................................................................................. P. rullieri n. sp. Eastern tropical Atlantic (Benin) - Medial chaetigers with one transverse series of three papillae, with sand grains....................................................................................... P. sibogae (Caullery, 1944) n. comb. Western Timor, Indonesia : Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2014, Revision of Pherusa Oken, 1807 (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae), pp. 1-61 in Zootaxa 3886 (1) on pages 7-9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3886.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951874 : {"references": ["Oken, L. (1807) (Untitled). Gottingische gelehrte Anzeigen 1807 (2), Stuck 117 (23 Julius 1807), 1161 - 1168. Available from: http: / / rep. adw-goe. de / handle / 11858 / 00 - 001 S- 0000 - 0001 - 93 F 5 - E", "Oken, L. (1815) Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte, 3. Theil Zoologie, 1. Fleischlose Thiere, and Atlas. August Schmid & Co., Jena, 841 pp.", "Stop-Bowitz, C. (1948 a) Les Flabelligeriens Norvegiens. Bergens Museums Arbok, 1946 (2), 1 - 59.", "Day, J. H. (1967) A Monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. British Museum (Natural History) Publications, 656, 38 + 878 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8596", "Fauchald, K. (1977) The polychaete worms: Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series, 28, 1 - 190.", "de Blainville, H. (1818) Memoire sur la classe des Setipodes, partie des Vers a sang rouge de M. Cuvier et des Annelides de M. de Lamark. Bulletin des Sciences, Societe Philomatique de Paris, 1818, 78 - 85.", "Goldfuss, G. A. (1820) Handbuch der Zoologie. Erste Abteilung. Schrag, Nurnberg, 696 pp.", "Johnston, G. (1846) An index to the British Annelides. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Supplement, 16, 433 - 462.", "Muller, O. F. (1776) Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum. Characteres, nomina et synonyma imprimis popularium. Hallageriis, Havniae (Copenhagen), 274 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13268", "Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta of the Albatross Tropical Pacific Expedition, 1891 - 1905. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 48, 1 - 514. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / bibliography / 49195 / summary (Accessed 1 Nov. 2014)", "Costa, O. G. (1841) Description des quelques annelides nouvelles du golfe de Naples. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Zoologie), Serie 2, 16, 267 - 280.", "delle Chiaje, S. (1841) Animali senza Vertebre del Regno di Napoli. Descrizione e notomia degli animali invertebrati della Sicilia citeriore osservati vivi negli anni 1822 - 1830: 1. Molluschi Cefalopedi e Pteropedi; 2. Molluschi Gasteropedi; 3. Molluschi Acefali, Bracciopedi, Cirropedi, Crostacei, Anellosi. Batelli e Comp., Napoli, 1: 19 + 98, 2: 1 - 146; 3: 1 - 142, 6: Plates 1 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10031", "Cuvier, G. (1830) Le Regne Animal distribue apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'Histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. Deterville, Paris, vol. 2. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1964", "Kinberg, J. G. H. (1867) Annulata Nova (Anthostomea, Chloraemea, Chaetopterea, Maldanea, Ammocharidea, Ampharetea, Terebellea, Heremellea, Serpulea, Teletusea). Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 23, 337 - 357.", "Day, J. H. (1973) New Polychaeta from Beaufort, with a key to all species recorded from North Carolina. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Technical Report of the National Marine Fisheries Service, Circular, 375, 1 - 153. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62852", "Salazar-Vallejo, S. I. (2011 a) Revision of Piromis Kinberg, 1867 and Pycnoderma Grube, 1877 (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa, 2819, 1 - 50.", "Salazar-Vallejo, S. I. (2011 b) Revision of Stylarioides delle Chiaje, 1831 (Annelida: Polychaeta). Italian Journal of Zoology 78 (Supplement 1), 163 - 200. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2011.606985", "Baird, A. (1834) Address read at the Second Anniversary Meeting of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, held at Dunse, September 18, 1833. In: History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, held at Dunse, September 18, 1833. Edinburgh, pp. 12 - 18. Available: https: // archive. org / details / historyofberwick 01 berw (Accessed 1 Nov. 2014)", "Johnston, G. (1865) A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitic Worms in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 365 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12291", "ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature (The Natural History Museum), London, 306 pp (www. iczn. org / iczn / index. jsp). http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 50608", "Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1996) Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 58, 2 nd ed., Fischer, Jena, 645 pp.", "Salazar-Vallejo, S. I. (2013) Revision of Therochaeta Chamberlin, 1919 (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae). Zoosystema, 35, 227 - 263. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2013 n 2 a 7", "Leidy, J. (1855) Contributions toward a knowledge of the marine invertebrate fauna, of the coasts of Rhode Island and New Jersey. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 3, 135 - 158.", "Stimpson, W. (1854) Synopsis of the marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan, or the region about the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 6, 1 - 67. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30062", "Quatrefages, A. de (1866 (1865 )) Histoire Naturelle des Anneles Marins et d'Eau Douce: Annelides et Gephyriens. Tome Premier. Collection des Suites a Buffon formant avec les Oeuvres de cet auteur un Cours Complet d'Histoire Naturelle. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 588 pp [Wright, E. P. (1866) Annelida. Zoological Record, Section 6 (Annelida, etc.), 578 - 600.]", "Hartman, O. (1961) Polychaetous annelids from California. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 25, 1 - 226.", "Johnson, H. P. (1901) The Polychaeta of the Puget Sound region. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 29, 381 - 437.", "Caullery, M. (1944) Polychetes sedentaires de l'Expedition du Siboga: Ariciidae, Spionidae, Chaetopteridae, Chlorhaemidae, Opheliidae, Oweniidae, Sabellaridae, Sternaspidae, Amphictenidae, Anpharetidae, Terebellidae. Siboga-Expeditie, Leiden, 24 (2 bis), 1 - 204.", "Quatrefages, A. de (1849) Etudes sur les types inferieurs de l'embranchment des Anneles. Memoire sur la Famille des Chloremiens, Chloraemea, Nob. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Troisieme Serie (Zoologie), 12, 277 - 306, pls. 9 - 10. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51505"]} Text Greenland DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Greenland Pacific Manan ENVELOPE(8.748,8.748,62.793,62.793) Buffon ENVELOPE(140.021,140.021,-66.663,-66.663) Lamark ENVELOPE(16.823,16.823,68.653,68.653) |