Halecium discoidum Galea, 2013, sp. nov.
Halecium discoidum sp. nov. (Fig. 5 A–E) Material examined . Stn. 7 , 24.i.2012, 6– 8 m, M036 : fertile (female) colony on Thyroscyphus marginatus (Allman, 1877) and its substrate, a sponge (holotype: MHNG-INVE- 82923). Description . Colony reptant, arising from creeping, branching, anastomozing hyd...
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Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5263621 https://zenodo.org/record/5263621 |
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openpolar |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Cnidaria Hydrozoa Leptothecata Haleciidae Halecium Halecium discoidum |
spellingShingle |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Cnidaria Hydrozoa Leptothecata Haleciidae Halecium Halecium discoidum Galea, Horia R. Halecium discoidum Galea, 2013, sp. nov. |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Cnidaria Hydrozoa Leptothecata Haleciidae Halecium Halecium discoidum |
description |
Halecium discoidum sp. nov. (Fig. 5 A–E) Material examined . Stn. 7 , 24.i.2012, 6– 8 m, M036 : fertile (female) colony on Thyroscyphus marginatus (Allman, 1877) and its substrate, a sponge (holotype: MHNG-INVE- 82923). Description . Colony reptant, arising from creeping, branching, anastomozing hydrorhiza. Hydrocauli simple or occasionally branched, always monosiphonic, 0.5–1.6 mm high, widening gradually from base to tip, where they bear a terminal hydrotheca; perisarc thin, transparent and smooth throughout. Branches given off singly or in pairs from below stem hydrothecae; an internal perisarc plug at upper level of insertion of a branch on the stem (Fig. 4 A 1, A 4, A 6), most probably as a result of mechanical strain. Hydrotheca 60–90 µm deep, flaring, margin everted; a basal diaphragm and a ring of desmocytes above; 280–355 µm wide at base, 440–515 µm wide at aperture; renovations present, lower order hydrophores of varied length, tapering gradually below, perisarc smooth. Female gonothecae borne on short ( ca . 85 µm), conical pedicel given off from stolon; irregularly ovate, laterally flattened, 485–595 µm high, 530–585 µm wide in frontal view, perisarc smooth; aperture, a distal, circular notch, ca . 155 µm wide; ca . 8–10 oocytes per gonotheca, each 90–100 µm in diameter. Male gonothecae unknown. Nematocysts: 1) fusiform microbasic mastigophores ca . 5.9 × 1.9 µm, abundant in the tentacles, also scattered in the coenosarc; 2) rare microbasic heteronemes present in the coenosarc, with swollen capsules and a lateral "beak" at insertion of shaft, ca . 6.1 × 2.9 µm; 3) microbasic heteronemes with long, tubular, slender capsules, (6.7–7.7)×(2.1–2.4) µm, abundant in the coenosarc. Remarks . A number of Halecium species have female gonothecae morphologically similar to those of Halecium discoidum sp. nov. , but can be distinguished from it on the following accounts: 1) the Australian H. amphibolum Watson, 1993 has wrinkled internodes and the side branches arise some distance below the stem hydrothecae (Watson 1993); 2) the Patagonian H. annuliforme Galea & Schories, 2012 has irregular, much longer, fully annulated internodes (Galea & Schories 2012); 3) H. cymiforme Allman, 1888, also from Patagonia, is more robust, with a peculiar mode of branching, and has the internodes mostly wrinkled throughout (Galea et al. 2009); 4) the northern H. labrosum Alder, 1859 forms large, polysiphonic colonies with irregular, smooth to corrugated internodes, and the hydrothecae are borne on hydrophores of varied length (Schuchert 2005); 5) the mainly Mediterranean H. mediterraneum Weismann, 1883 has long, geniculate internodes, the hydrophores are well developed and have a conspicuous pseudodiaphragm on their adaxial side (Schuchert 2005); 6) H. ochotense Linko, 1911 from the Okhotsk Sea is a large, polysiphonic species, with short, regular, slightly zigzagging internodes (Naumov 1969). Etymology . The specific name makes references to the disk-shaped female gonotheca. Geographical distribution . Only known from Martinique. FIGURE 5 . A–E: Halecium discoidum sp. nov. ―various stems (A); hydranth protruding from its hydrotheca (B); female gonotheca with oocytes (C); female gonotheca in lateral (D 1) and apical (D 2) views; cnidome (E). F–I: Halecium xanthellatum sp. nov. ―three stems (F); female gonothecae (G), one of them showing a spent gonophore (G 4); detail of the female gonotheca, showing the the twin hydrotheca in frontal (H 1), lateral (H 2), and apical (H 3) views; cnidome (I). J–M: Halecium sp.―various stems (J), some bearing male gonothecae (J 1 –J 3, J 5); hydrophores and their corresponding hydrothecae (K, L); cnidome (O). Scale bars: 10 µm (E, I, M); 100 µm (K, L), 200 µm (H), 300 µm (B), 500 µm (C, D, F, G, J), 1 mm (A). Halecium xanthellatum sp. nov. (Fig. 5 F–I) Material examined . Stn. 16 , 11.ii.2012, 10– 15 m, M 167 : small, fertile (female) colony on Sargassum sp. (holotype: MHNG-INVE- 82924). Description . Colony reptant, arising from creeping, branching, sometimes anastomozing hydrorhiza. Stems simple or occasionally branched, 340–900 µm high. Perisarc thin, transparent, wrinkled basally, fading out distally. Branches given off irregularly from below bases of stem hydrothecae. Hydrothecae borne distally on hydrantophores; walls divergent, rim flared (most obvious in young hydrothecae), a bit atrophied and not clearly everted in older ones; hydrotheca 30–35 µm high, 110–125 µm wide at base and 140–180 µm at aperture; renovations common, with lower order hydranthopores of varied length. Hydranths with 18–20 tentacles, the coenosarc crowded with zooxanthellae. Gonothecae, female in present material, arising from a short internodal apophysis lateral to a hydrotheca, or occasionally from within a theca; mitten-shaped, 720–790 µm long, 305–355 µm wide, tapering basally; in lateral view, distal part with a "bump" on one side, and the aperture on the opposite side; perisarc wrinkled on the bumped side, smooth on the other. Aperture borne on top of two appressed tubes, sunk for some distance inside the cavity of gonotheca, bearing distally a twin hydrotheca; the latter shaped, in frontal view, like the number 8, with two foramina visible below each hydrothecal base, allowing the passage of a pair of normally developed hydranths. The number of oocytes could not be ascertained properly, as most gonothecae have already expelled their eggs, while some others have the ectoderm of the blastostyle withdrawn, and retain a single, small oocyte. Male gonothecae unknown. Cnidome: 1) microbasic mastigophores, (6.4– 6.9)× 1.9 µm, abundant in the tentacles, also scatterd in the coenosarc; 2) ovoid microbasic heteronemes, (3.5 – 4.0)×(2.4–2.7) µm, not uncommon in the coenosarc; 3) pseudostenoteles, (9.9–10.2)×(4.8–5.1) µm, frequent in the coenosarc. Remarks . This new species is reminiscent of H. nanum Alder, 1859 due to the presence of zooxanthellae in the coenosarc. However, unlike H. nanum , the hydrothecal margins are distinctly flared in H. xanthellatum . In addition, their gonothecae differ in shape, with those of H. nanum being more swollen and provided with fine annulations frontally, whereas those of H. xanthellatum are more slender and tubular, and bear coarse annulations exclusively on their dorsal side. Last but not least, the cnidome of H. nanum comprises, besides the common microbasic mastigophores, ovoid capsules identified by Calder (1991) as microbasic euryteles, while H. xanthellatum possesses rounded-ovoid microbasic heteronemes, as well as conspicuous pseudostenoteles. The female gonothecae of the new species recall well those of the Arctic H. curvicaule von Lorenz, 1886, as illustrated by Marktanner-Turneretscher (1895, as H. kükenthali n.sp.) and Jäderholm (1909, equally as H. kükenthali ). However, this species may form large, polysiphonic colonies, with a peculiar mode of branching. Its hydrothecae have almost parallel, straight walls (Schuchert 2001), and the coenosarc is devoid of zooxanthellae. Equally similar in overall shape are the gonothecae of H. halecinum (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Schuchert 2005), H. inhacae Millard 1958 (see Millard 1975) and H. liouvillei Billard, 1934 (see Medel et al. 1998), but they have their apertures borne atop of somewhat raised collars and lack the "dorsal" annuli. Their respective trophosomes are also different, and no zooxanthellae are known to occur in their tissues. Etymology . The specific name makes reference to the presence of numerous zoothanthellae in the coenosarc. Geographical distribution . Only known from Martinique. : Published as part of Galea, Horia R., 2013, New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 3686 (1) on pages 18-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3686.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/284148 : {"references": ["Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, Assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15852", "Watson, J. E. (1993) Two new species of Haleciidae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Southern Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 105 (1), 81 - 84.", "Galea, H. R. & Schories, D (2012) Some hydrozoans (Cnidaria) from Central Chile and the Strait of Magellan. Zootaxa, 3296, 19 - 67.", "Allman, G. J. (1888) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. - The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 23 (70), 1 - 90.", "Schuchert, P. (2005) Taxonomic revision and systematic notes on some Halecium species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Journal of Natural History, 39 (8), 607 - 639. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930400001319", "Naumov, D. V. (1969) Hydroids and hydromedusae of the USSR. Translated from Russian. Israel program for scientific translation, Jerusalem, pp. 1 - 631.", "Calder, D. R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1352274", "Marktanner-Turneretscher, G. (1895) Hydroiden. Zoologische Ergebnisse der im Jahre 1889 auf Kosten der Bremer Geographischen Gesellschaft von Dr. Willy Kukenthal und Dr. Alfred Walter ausgefuhrten Expedition nach Ost- Spitzbergen. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere), 8 (4), 391 - 438.", "Jaderholm, E. (1909) Hydroiden. In: Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 45 (1), 1 - 124.", "Schuchert, P. (2001) Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland. Meddelelser om Gronland, Bioscience, 53, 1 - 184."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Galea, Horia R. |
author_facet |
Galea, Horia R. |
author_sort |
Galea, Horia R. |
title |
Halecium discoidum Galea, 2013, sp. nov. |
title_short |
Halecium discoidum Galea, 2013, sp. nov. |
title_full |
Halecium discoidum Galea, 2013, sp. nov. |
title_fullStr |
Halecium discoidum Galea, 2013, sp. nov. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Halecium discoidum Galea, 2013, sp. nov. |
title_sort |
halecium discoidum galea, 2013, sp. nov. |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5263621 https://zenodo.org/record/5263621 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(70.203,70.203,-49.626,-49.626) |
geographic |
Arctic Patagonia Okhotsk Greenland Gronland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Patagonia Okhotsk Greenland Gronland |
genre |
Arctic Greenland Iceland okhotsk sea Spitzbergen |
genre_facet |
Arctic Greenland Iceland okhotsk sea Spitzbergen |
op_relation |
http://zenodo.org/record/284148 http://publication.plazi.org/id/2A78744FBF4BFFF5FFA1FFCDFFF8FFD8 http://zoobank.org/17A93C58-F09C-484A-A26A-F4F27BC91A6C https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3686.1.1 http://zenodo.org/record/284148 http://publication.plazi.org/id/2A78744FBF4BFFF5FFA1FFCDFFF8FFD8 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.284151 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.284149 http://zoobank.org/17A93C58-F09C-484A-A26A-F4F27BC91A6C https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5263620 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit |
op_rights |
Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5263621 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3686.1.1 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.284151 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.284149 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5263620 |
_version_ |
1766350565899501568 |
spelling |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5263621 2023-05-15T15:20:19+02:00 Halecium discoidum Galea, 2013, sp. nov. Galea, Horia R. 2013 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5263621 https://zenodo.org/record/5263621 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/284148 http://publication.plazi.org/id/2A78744FBF4BFFF5FFA1FFCDFFF8FFD8 http://zoobank.org/17A93C58-F09C-484A-A26A-F4F27BC91A6C https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3686.1.1 http://zenodo.org/record/284148 http://publication.plazi.org/id/2A78744FBF4BFFF5FFA1FFCDFFF8FFD8 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.284151 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.284149 http://zoobank.org/17A93C58-F09C-484A-A26A-F4F27BC91A6C https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5263620 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Cnidaria Hydrozoa Leptothecata Haleciidae Halecium Halecium discoidum Taxonomic treatment article-journal Text ScholarlyArticle 2013 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5263621 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3686.1.1 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.284151 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.284149 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5263620 2022-02-08T12:40:44Z Halecium discoidum sp. nov. (Fig. 5 A–E) Material examined . Stn. 7 , 24.i.2012, 6– 8 m, M036 : fertile (female) colony on Thyroscyphus marginatus (Allman, 1877) and its substrate, a sponge (holotype: MHNG-INVE- 82923). Description . Colony reptant, arising from creeping, branching, anastomozing hydrorhiza. Hydrocauli simple or occasionally branched, always monosiphonic, 0.5–1.6 mm high, widening gradually from base to tip, where they bear a terminal hydrotheca; perisarc thin, transparent and smooth throughout. Branches given off singly or in pairs from below stem hydrothecae; an internal perisarc plug at upper level of insertion of a branch on the stem (Fig. 4 A 1, A 4, A 6), most probably as a result of mechanical strain. Hydrotheca 60–90 µm deep, flaring, margin everted; a basal diaphragm and a ring of desmocytes above; 280–355 µm wide at base, 440–515 µm wide at aperture; renovations present, lower order hydrophores of varied length, tapering gradually below, perisarc smooth. Female gonothecae borne on short ( ca . 85 µm), conical pedicel given off from stolon; irregularly ovate, laterally flattened, 485–595 µm high, 530–585 µm wide in frontal view, perisarc smooth; aperture, a distal, circular notch, ca . 155 µm wide; ca . 8–10 oocytes per gonotheca, each 90–100 µm in diameter. Male gonothecae unknown. Nematocysts: 1) fusiform microbasic mastigophores ca . 5.9 × 1.9 µm, abundant in the tentacles, also scattered in the coenosarc; 2) rare microbasic heteronemes present in the coenosarc, with swollen capsules and a lateral "beak" at insertion of shaft, ca . 6.1 × 2.9 µm; 3) microbasic heteronemes with long, tubular, slender capsules, (6.7–7.7)×(2.1–2.4) µm, abundant in the coenosarc. Remarks . A number of Halecium species have female gonothecae morphologically similar to those of Halecium discoidum sp. nov. , but can be distinguished from it on the following accounts: 1) the Australian H. amphibolum Watson, 1993 has wrinkled internodes and the side branches arise some distance below the stem hydrothecae (Watson 1993); 2) the Patagonian H. annuliforme Galea & Schories, 2012 has irregular, much longer, fully annulated internodes (Galea & Schories 2012); 3) H. cymiforme Allman, 1888, also from Patagonia, is more robust, with a peculiar mode of branching, and has the internodes mostly wrinkled throughout (Galea et al. 2009); 4) the northern H. labrosum Alder, 1859 forms large, polysiphonic colonies with irregular, smooth to corrugated internodes, and the hydrothecae are borne on hydrophores of varied length (Schuchert 2005); 5) the mainly Mediterranean H. mediterraneum Weismann, 1883 has long, geniculate internodes, the hydrophores are well developed and have a conspicuous pseudodiaphragm on their adaxial side (Schuchert 2005); 6) H. ochotense Linko, 1911 from the Okhotsk Sea is a large, polysiphonic species, with short, regular, slightly zigzagging internodes (Naumov 1969). Etymology . The specific name makes references to the disk-shaped female gonotheca. Geographical distribution . Only known from Martinique. FIGURE 5 . A–E: Halecium discoidum sp. nov. ―various stems (A); hydranth protruding from its hydrotheca (B); female gonotheca with oocytes (C); female gonotheca in lateral (D 1) and apical (D 2) views; cnidome (E). F–I: Halecium xanthellatum sp. nov. ―three stems (F); female gonothecae (G), one of them showing a spent gonophore (G 4); detail of the female gonotheca, showing the the twin hydrotheca in frontal (H 1), lateral (H 2), and apical (H 3) views; cnidome (I). J–M: Halecium sp.―various stems (J), some bearing male gonothecae (J 1 –J 3, J 5); hydrophores and their corresponding hydrothecae (K, L); cnidome (O). Scale bars: 10 µm (E, I, M); 100 µm (K, L), 200 µm (H), 300 µm (B), 500 µm (C, D, F, G, J), 1 mm (A). Halecium xanthellatum sp. nov. (Fig. 5 F–I) Material examined . Stn. 16 , 11.ii.2012, 10– 15 m, M 167 : small, fertile (female) colony on Sargassum sp. (holotype: MHNG-INVE- 82924). Description . Colony reptant, arising from creeping, branching, sometimes anastomozing hydrorhiza. Stems simple or occasionally branched, 340–900 µm high. Perisarc thin, transparent, wrinkled basally, fading out distally. Branches given off irregularly from below bases of stem hydrothecae. Hydrothecae borne distally on hydrantophores; walls divergent, rim flared (most obvious in young hydrothecae), a bit atrophied and not clearly everted in older ones; hydrotheca 30–35 µm high, 110–125 µm wide at base and 140–180 µm at aperture; renovations common, with lower order hydranthopores of varied length. Hydranths with 18–20 tentacles, the coenosarc crowded with zooxanthellae. Gonothecae, female in present material, arising from a short internodal apophysis lateral to a hydrotheca, or occasionally from within a theca; mitten-shaped, 720–790 µm long, 305–355 µm wide, tapering basally; in lateral view, distal part with a "bump" on one side, and the aperture on the opposite side; perisarc wrinkled on the bumped side, smooth on the other. Aperture borne on top of two appressed tubes, sunk for some distance inside the cavity of gonotheca, bearing distally a twin hydrotheca; the latter shaped, in frontal view, like the number 8, with two foramina visible below each hydrothecal base, allowing the passage of a pair of normally developed hydranths. The number of oocytes could not be ascertained properly, as most gonothecae have already expelled their eggs, while some others have the ectoderm of the blastostyle withdrawn, and retain a single, small oocyte. Male gonothecae unknown. Cnidome: 1) microbasic mastigophores, (6.4– 6.9)× 1.9 µm, abundant in the tentacles, also scatterd in the coenosarc; 2) ovoid microbasic heteronemes, (3.5 – 4.0)×(2.4–2.7) µm, not uncommon in the coenosarc; 3) pseudostenoteles, (9.9–10.2)×(4.8–5.1) µm, frequent in the coenosarc. Remarks . This new species is reminiscent of H. nanum Alder, 1859 due to the presence of zooxanthellae in the coenosarc. However, unlike H. nanum , the hydrothecal margins are distinctly flared in H. xanthellatum . In addition, their gonothecae differ in shape, with those of H. nanum being more swollen and provided with fine annulations frontally, whereas those of H. xanthellatum are more slender and tubular, and bear coarse annulations exclusively on their dorsal side. Last but not least, the cnidome of H. nanum comprises, besides the common microbasic mastigophores, ovoid capsules identified by Calder (1991) as microbasic euryteles, while H. xanthellatum possesses rounded-ovoid microbasic heteronemes, as well as conspicuous pseudostenoteles. The female gonothecae of the new species recall well those of the Arctic H. curvicaule von Lorenz, 1886, as illustrated by Marktanner-Turneretscher (1895, as H. kükenthali n.sp.) and Jäderholm (1909, equally as H. kükenthali ). However, this species may form large, polysiphonic colonies, with a peculiar mode of branching. Its hydrothecae have almost parallel, straight walls (Schuchert 2001), and the coenosarc is devoid of zooxanthellae. Equally similar in overall shape are the gonothecae of H. halecinum (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Schuchert 2005), H. inhacae Millard 1958 (see Millard 1975) and H. liouvillei Billard, 1934 (see Medel et al. 1998), but they have their apertures borne atop of somewhat raised collars and lack the "dorsal" annuli. Their respective trophosomes are also different, and no zooxanthellae are known to occur in their tissues. Etymology . The specific name makes reference to the presence of numerous zoothanthellae in the coenosarc. Geographical distribution . Only known from Martinique. : Published as part of Galea, Horia R., 2013, New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 3686 (1) on pages 18-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3686.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/284148 : {"references": ["Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, Assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15852", "Watson, J. E. (1993) Two new species of Haleciidae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Southern Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 105 (1), 81 - 84.", "Galea, H. R. & Schories, D (2012) Some hydrozoans (Cnidaria) from Central Chile and the Strait of Magellan. Zootaxa, 3296, 19 - 67.", "Allman, G. J. (1888) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. - The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 23 (70), 1 - 90.", "Schuchert, P. (2005) Taxonomic revision and systematic notes on some Halecium species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Journal of Natural History, 39 (8), 607 - 639. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930400001319", "Naumov, D. V. (1969) Hydroids and hydromedusae of the USSR. Translated from Russian. Israel program for scientific translation, Jerusalem, pp. 1 - 631.", "Calder, D. R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1352274", "Marktanner-Turneretscher, G. (1895) Hydroiden. Zoologische Ergebnisse der im Jahre 1889 auf Kosten der Bremer Geographischen Gesellschaft von Dr. Willy Kukenthal und Dr. Alfred Walter ausgefuhrten Expedition nach Ost- Spitzbergen. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere), 8 (4), 391 - 438.", "Jaderholm, E. (1909) Hydroiden. In: Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 45 (1), 1 - 124.", "Schuchert, P. (2001) Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland. Meddelelser om Gronland, Bioscience, 53, 1 - 184."]} Text Arctic Greenland Iceland okhotsk sea Spitzbergen DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Arctic Patagonia Okhotsk Greenland Gronland ENVELOPE(70.203,70.203,-49.626,-49.626) |