Ciona intestinalis
3. Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767) (Fig. 2C, Table 3) Ascidia canina Müller, 1776: 43. Ascidea intestinalis : De Kay, 1843: 259. Ciona intestinalis : Van Name, 1912: 606, fig. 43, pl. 66, fig. 130; Van Name, 1945: 160, fig. 79; Millar, 1952: 47; Tokioka, 1954: 82; Yamaguchi, 1975: 253; Rho, 1977...
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Ascidiacea Phlebobranchia Cionidae Ciona Ciona intestinalis |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Ascidiacea Phlebobranchia Cionidae Ciona Ciona intestinalis Pyo, Jooyeon Lee, Taekjun Shin, Sook Ciona intestinalis |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Ascidiacea Phlebobranchia Cionidae Ciona Ciona intestinalis |
description |
3. Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767) (Fig. 2C, Table 3) Ascidia canina Müller, 1776: 43. Ascidea intestinalis : De Kay, 1843: 259. Ciona intestinalis : Van Name, 1912: 606, fig. 43, pl. 66, fig. 130; Van Name, 1945: 160, fig. 79; Millar, 1952: 47; Tokioka, 1954: 82; Yamaguchi, 1975: 253; Rho, 1977: 316; Rho & Lee, 1991: 201; Currie et al , 1998: 25; Lambert & Lambert, 1998: 675; Stachowicz et al ., 2002: 15498; Shirley, 2003: 14; Turon & López-Legentil, 2004: 311; Castilla et al ., 2005: 213; Passamaneck & Gregorio, 2005: 1; Carver et al ., 2006: 1; Nydam & Harrison, 2007: 1839; Howes et al ., 2007: 85; Petersen, 2007: 128; Therriault & Herborg, 2008: 788; Picton & Morrow, 2010b: ZD1170; Shenkar et al , 2011: 103732; Veeman et al ., 2011: 401. Materials examined. 46 inds., Guryoungpo, 12 Aug. 2009, Lee T, thick cloth at 1.2 m depth; 21 inds., Gampo, 12 Aug. 2009, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.3 m depth; 33 inds., Daebyeon, 13 Aug. 2009, Shin S, ropes at 1.1 m depth; 19 inds., Busan, 14 Aug. 2009, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth; 39 inds., Dadaepo, 14 Aug. 2009, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth; 46 inds., Tongyeong, 14 Aug. 2009, Shin S, ropes at 2.1 m depth; 22 inds., Gwangyang, 16 Aug. 2009, Shin S, fish trap at 3.5 m depth; 37 inds., Guryoungpo, 13 Nov. 2009, Lee T, thick cloth at 1.2 m depth; 18 inds., Gampo, 13 Nov. 2009, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth; 29 inds., Daebyeon, 14 Nov. 2009, Shin S, ropes at 3.5 m depth; 13 inds., Busan, 14 Nov. 2009, Shin S,, ropes at 3.1 m depth; 25 inds., Dadaepo, 14 Nov. 2009, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth; 46 inds., Tongyeong, 15 Nov. 2009, Shin S, dock wall at 1.7 m depth; 16 inds., Gwangyang, 15 Nov. 2009, Lee T, fish trap at 3.2 m depth; 46 inds., Guryoungpo, 24 June 2010, Lee T, ropes at 3 m depth; 7 inds., Yangpo, 24 June 2010, Shin S, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth; 22 inds., Gampo, 24 June 2010, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.3 m depth; 26 inds., Bangeojin, 25 June 2010, Lee T, ropes at 1.1 m depth; 6 inds., Jangsaengpo, 25 June 2010, Lee T, ropes at 1.1 m depth; 35 inds., Daebyeon, 25 June 2010, Shin S, fish trap at 3.5 m depth; 13 inds., Busan, 25 June 2010, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth; 29 inds., Dadaepo, 26 June 2010, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth; 79 inds., Tongyeong, 26 June 2010, Shin S, ropes at 2.1 m depth; 22 inds., Gwangyang, 27 June 2010, Lee T, fish trap at 3.5 m depth; 13 inds., Mokpo, 28 June 2010, Shin S, ropes at 1.1 m depth; 9 inds., Gunsan, 29 June 2010, Shin S, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth; 2 inds., Daejin, 17 Oct. 2010, Shin S, ropes at 2.7 m depth; 5 inds., Ayajin, 17 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, fish trap at 3.7 m depth; 6 inds., Sacheon, 18 Oct. 2010, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.9 m depth; 27 inds., Guryoungpo, 19 Oct. 2010, Shin S, ropes at 2.7 m depth; 26 inds., Yangpo, 19 Oct. 2010, Shin S, ropes at 2.7 m depth; 18 inds., Gampo, 19 Oct. 2010, Shin S, fish trap at 2.1 m depth; 9 inds., Bangeojin, 20 Oct. 2010, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.2 m depth; 6 inds., Jangsaengpo, 20 Oct. 2010, Lee T, dock wall at 2 m depth; 17 inds., Daebyeon, 20 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, fish trap at 2.7 m depth; 4 inds., Busan, 20 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, ropes at 2.1 m depth; 23 inds., Dadaepo, 21 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, dock wall at 3 m depth; 41 inds., Tongyeong, 21 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, fish trap at 3.3 m depth; 4 inds., Daejin, 22 June 2011, Lee T, ropes at 2.3 m depth; 36 inds., Guryoungpo, 24 June 2011, Shin S, ropes at 2.1 m depth; 25 inds., Yangpo, 24 June 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 2.6 m depth; 59 inds., Gampo, 24 June 2011, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.5 m depth; 7 inds., Bangeojin, 25 June 2011, Lee T, ropes at 2.7 m depth; 32 inds., Daebyeon, 25 June 2011, Pyo J, dock wall at 3 m depth; 5 inds., Busan, 25 June 2011, Lee T, ropes at 2.3 m depth; 18 inds., Dadaepo, 25 June 2011, Pyo J, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth; 331 inds., Tongyeong, 26 June 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 3.3 m depth; 14 inds., Gwangyang, 26 June 2011, Shin S, fish trap at 3.3 m depth; 2 inds., Daejin, 16 Oct. 2011, Shin S, ropes at 1.9 m depth; 5 inds., Geojin, 16 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 1.8 m depth; 7 inds., Jumunjin, 17 Oct. 2011, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.1 m depth; 4 inds., Sacheon, 17 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 2 m depth; 2 inds., Gangneung, 17 Oct. 2011, Shin S, thick cloth at 2 m depth; 1 inds., Ganggu, 18 Oct. 2011, Lee T, fish trap at 3.2 m depth; 58 inds., Guryoungpo, 18 Oct. 2011, Lee T, dock wall at 3 m depth; 27 inds., Yangpo, 18 Oct. 2011, Shin S, ropes at 2.1 m depth; 86 inds., Gampo, 18 Oct. 2011, Lee T, thick cloth at 1.5 m depth; 14 inds., Bangeojin, 19 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 2.7 m depth; 4 inds., Jangsaengpo, 19 Oct. 2011, Shin S, fish trap at 3 m depth; 13 inds., Daebyeon, 19 Oct. 2011, Lee T, ropes at 2.8 m depth; 8 inds., Songjeong, 19 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth; 3 inds., Busan, 19 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, dock wall at 1.6 m depth; 25 inds., Dadaepo, 19 Oct. 2011, Lee T, fish trap at 3.2 m depth; 64 inds., Tongyeong, 20 Oct. 2011, Shin S, dock wall at 2.1 m depth; 12 inds., Gwangyang, 20 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, fish trap at 3.2 m depth. Distribution. Native all around the British Isles and reported in many part of the world. Northern Europe, part of Arctic regions, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Denmark, France, Atlantic Canada, New England, South Africa, Washington, California, Chile, South Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, China, Japan, and Korea (East Sea, Korea Strait, Jeju Island, Yellow Sea). : Published as part of Pyo, Jooyeon, Lee, Taekjun & Shin, Sook, 2012, Two newly recorded invasive alien ascidians (Chordata, Tunicata, Ascidiacea) based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis in Korea *, pp. 211-228 in Zootaxa 3368 (1) on pages 219-220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3368.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/5252406 : {"references": ["Muller, O. F. (1776) Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, seu animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Indigenarum characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularum. Typis Hallageriis, Havniae, Copenhagen, 282 pp.", "De Kay, J. E. (1843) Zoology of New York, or the New York fauna, part. 5, Mollusca. Albany, 271 pp.", "Van Name, W. G. (1912) Simple ascidians of the coasts of New England and neighboring British provinces. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 34, 439 - 619.", "Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476.", "Millar, R. H. (1952) The Annual Growth and Reproductive Cycle in Four Ascidians. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 31, 41 - 61.", "Tokioka, T. (1954) Contributions to Japanese Ascidian Fauna notes on some Ascidians Collected in Osaka Bay. Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 75 - 98.", "Yamaguchi, M. (1975) Growth and reproductive cycles of the marine fouling ascidians Ciona intestinalis, Styela plicata, Botrylloides violaceus, and Leptoclinum mitsukurii at Aburatsubo-Moroiso Inlet (Central Japan). Ymrine Biology, 29, 253 - 259.", "Rho, B. J. (1977) Illustrated flora and fauna of Korea (Porifera, Hydrozoa and Ascidiacea). Ministry of Education, Seoul, 20, pp. 101 - 136, 289 - 374.", "Rho, B. J. & Lee, J. E. (1991) A Systematic Study on the Ascidians in Korea. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 7, 195 - 220.", "Currie, D. R., McArthur, M. A. & Cohen, B. F. (1998) Exotic marine pests in the port of Geelong, Victoria. Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute, 8, 1 - 72.", "Lambert, C. C. & Lambert, G. (1998) Non-indigenous ascidians in southern California harbours and marinas. Marine Biology, 130, 675 - 688.", "Stachowicz, J. J., Fried, H., Osman, R. W. & Whitlatch, B. B. (2002) Biodiversity, Invasion Resistance, and Marine Ecosystem Function: Reconcling Pattern and Process. The Ecological Society of America, 2575 - 2590.", "Shirley, P. N. (2003) Aplousobranch ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from southern Africa. PhD dissertation, University of Port Elizabeth, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 199 pp.", "Turon, X. & Lopez-Legentil, S. (2004) Ascidian molecular phylogeny inferred from mtDNA data with emphasis on the Aplousobranchiata. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33, 309 - 320.", "Castilla, J. C., Uribe, M., Bahamonde, N., Clarke, M., Desqueyroux-Faundez, R., Kong, I., Moyano, H., Rozbaczylo, N., Santelices, B., Valdovinos, C. & Zavala, P. (2005) Down under the southeastern Pacific: marine non-indigenous species in Chile. Biological Invasions, 7, 213 - 232.", "Passamaneck, Y. J. & Gregorio, A. D. (2005) Ciona intestinalis: Chordate development made simple. Developmental Dynamics, 233, 1 - 19.", "Carver, C. E., Mallet, A. L. & Vercaemer, B. (2006) Biological Synopsis of the Solitary Tunicate Ciona intestinalis. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2746, 1 - 55.", "Nydam, M. L. & Harrison, R. G. (2007) Genealogical relationships within and among shallow-water Ciona species (Ascidiacea). Marine Biology, 151, 1839 - 1847.", "Howes, S., Herbinger, C. M., Darnell, P., Vercaemer, B. (2007) Spatial and temporal patterns of recruitment of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis on a mussel farm in Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 342, 85 - 92.", "Petersen, J. K. (2007) Ascidian suspension feeding. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 342, 127 - 137.", "Therriault, T. W., & Herborg L-M., (2008) A qualitative biologgical risk assessment for vas tunicate Ciona intestinalis in Canadian waters: using expert knowledge. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65, 781 - 787.", "Picton, B. E. & Morrow, C. C. (2010 b) Ciona intestinalis general information. Available from (accessed 9 June 2010)", "Veeman, M. T., Chiba, S. & Smith, W. C. (2011) Ciona Genetics. Methods Molecular Biology, 770, 401 - 422."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Pyo, Jooyeon Lee, Taekjun Shin, Sook |
author_facet |
Pyo, Jooyeon Lee, Taekjun Shin, Sook |
author_sort |
Pyo, Jooyeon |
title |
Ciona intestinalis |
title_short |
Ciona intestinalis |
title_full |
Ciona intestinalis |
title_fullStr |
Ciona intestinalis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ciona intestinalis |
title_sort |
ciona intestinalis |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5254004 https://zenodo.org/record/5254004 |
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ENVELOPE(-60.917,-60.917,-64.117,-64.117) ENVELOPE(-101.250,-101.250,-71.917,-71.917) ENVELOPE(-63.000,-63.000,-64.300,-64.300) ENVELOPE(-63.567,-63.567,-64.850,-64.850) ENVELOPE(-81.566,-81.566,50.550,50.550) ENVELOPE(-70.337,-70.337,-71.166,-71.166) ENVELOPE(49.200,49.200,-67.700,-67.700) ENVELOPE(-62.850,-62.850,-64.550,-64.550) ENVELOPE(-60.783,-60.783,-62.450,-62.450) |
geographic |
Arctic Canada Pacific New Zealand Kay Petersen Rho Lopez Morrow McArthur Currie Uribe Bahamonde |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada Pacific New Zealand Kay Petersen Rho Lopez Morrow McArthur Currie Uribe Bahamonde |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
http://zenodo.org/record/5252406 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FF8CFFD9FFE20862FF94541B0A4B9344 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3368.1.10 http://zenodo.org/record/5252406 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FF8CFFD9FFE20862FF94541B0A4B9344 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5252410 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5254003 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit |
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Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5254004 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3368.1.10 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5252410 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5254003 |
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5254004 2023-05-15T15:21:09+02:00 Ciona intestinalis Pyo, Jooyeon Lee, Taekjun Shin, Sook 2012 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5254004 https://zenodo.org/record/5254004 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/5252406 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FF8CFFD9FFE20862FF94541B0A4B9344 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3368.1.10 http://zenodo.org/record/5252406 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FF8CFFD9FFE20862FF94541B0A4B9344 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5252410 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5254003 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Ascidiacea Phlebobranchia Cionidae Ciona Ciona intestinalis Text Taxonomic treatment article-journal ScholarlyArticle 2012 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5254004 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3368.1.10 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5252410 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5254003 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z 3. Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767) (Fig. 2C, Table 3) Ascidia canina Müller, 1776: 43. Ascidea intestinalis : De Kay, 1843: 259. Ciona intestinalis : Van Name, 1912: 606, fig. 43, pl. 66, fig. 130; Van Name, 1945: 160, fig. 79; Millar, 1952: 47; Tokioka, 1954: 82; Yamaguchi, 1975: 253; Rho, 1977: 316; Rho & Lee, 1991: 201; Currie et al , 1998: 25; Lambert & Lambert, 1998: 675; Stachowicz et al ., 2002: 15498; Shirley, 2003: 14; Turon & López-Legentil, 2004: 311; Castilla et al ., 2005: 213; Passamaneck & Gregorio, 2005: 1; Carver et al ., 2006: 1; Nydam & Harrison, 2007: 1839; Howes et al ., 2007: 85; Petersen, 2007: 128; Therriault & Herborg, 2008: 788; Picton & Morrow, 2010b: ZD1170; Shenkar et al , 2011: 103732; Veeman et al ., 2011: 401. Materials examined. 46 inds., Guryoungpo, 12 Aug. 2009, Lee T, thick cloth at 1.2 m depth; 21 inds., Gampo, 12 Aug. 2009, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.3 m depth; 33 inds., Daebyeon, 13 Aug. 2009, Shin S, ropes at 1.1 m depth; 19 inds., Busan, 14 Aug. 2009, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth; 39 inds., Dadaepo, 14 Aug. 2009, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth; 46 inds., Tongyeong, 14 Aug. 2009, Shin S, ropes at 2.1 m depth; 22 inds., Gwangyang, 16 Aug. 2009, Shin S, fish trap at 3.5 m depth; 37 inds., Guryoungpo, 13 Nov. 2009, Lee T, thick cloth at 1.2 m depth; 18 inds., Gampo, 13 Nov. 2009, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth; 29 inds., Daebyeon, 14 Nov. 2009, Shin S, ropes at 3.5 m depth; 13 inds., Busan, 14 Nov. 2009, Shin S,, ropes at 3.1 m depth; 25 inds., Dadaepo, 14 Nov. 2009, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth; 46 inds., Tongyeong, 15 Nov. 2009, Shin S, dock wall at 1.7 m depth; 16 inds., Gwangyang, 15 Nov. 2009, Lee T, fish trap at 3.2 m depth; 46 inds., Guryoungpo, 24 June 2010, Lee T, ropes at 3 m depth; 7 inds., Yangpo, 24 June 2010, Shin S, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth; 22 inds., Gampo, 24 June 2010, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.3 m depth; 26 inds., Bangeojin, 25 June 2010, Lee T, ropes at 1.1 m depth; 6 inds., Jangsaengpo, 25 June 2010, Lee T, ropes at 1.1 m depth; 35 inds., Daebyeon, 25 June 2010, Shin S, fish trap at 3.5 m depth; 13 inds., Busan, 25 June 2010, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth; 29 inds., Dadaepo, 26 June 2010, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth; 79 inds., Tongyeong, 26 June 2010, Shin S, ropes at 2.1 m depth; 22 inds., Gwangyang, 27 June 2010, Lee T, fish trap at 3.5 m depth; 13 inds., Mokpo, 28 June 2010, Shin S, ropes at 1.1 m depth; 9 inds., Gunsan, 29 June 2010, Shin S, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth; 2 inds., Daejin, 17 Oct. 2010, Shin S, ropes at 2.7 m depth; 5 inds., Ayajin, 17 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, fish trap at 3.7 m depth; 6 inds., Sacheon, 18 Oct. 2010, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.9 m depth; 27 inds., Guryoungpo, 19 Oct. 2010, Shin S, ropes at 2.7 m depth; 26 inds., Yangpo, 19 Oct. 2010, Shin S, ropes at 2.7 m depth; 18 inds., Gampo, 19 Oct. 2010, Shin S, fish trap at 2.1 m depth; 9 inds., Bangeojin, 20 Oct. 2010, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.2 m depth; 6 inds., Jangsaengpo, 20 Oct. 2010, Lee T, dock wall at 2 m depth; 17 inds., Daebyeon, 20 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, fish trap at 2.7 m depth; 4 inds., Busan, 20 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, ropes at 2.1 m depth; 23 inds., Dadaepo, 21 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, dock wall at 3 m depth; 41 inds., Tongyeong, 21 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, fish trap at 3.3 m depth; 4 inds., Daejin, 22 June 2011, Lee T, ropes at 2.3 m depth; 36 inds., Guryoungpo, 24 June 2011, Shin S, ropes at 2.1 m depth; 25 inds., Yangpo, 24 June 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 2.6 m depth; 59 inds., Gampo, 24 June 2011, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.5 m depth; 7 inds., Bangeojin, 25 June 2011, Lee T, ropes at 2.7 m depth; 32 inds., Daebyeon, 25 June 2011, Pyo J, dock wall at 3 m depth; 5 inds., Busan, 25 June 2011, Lee T, ropes at 2.3 m depth; 18 inds., Dadaepo, 25 June 2011, Pyo J, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth; 331 inds., Tongyeong, 26 June 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 3.3 m depth; 14 inds., Gwangyang, 26 June 2011, Shin S, fish trap at 3.3 m depth; 2 inds., Daejin, 16 Oct. 2011, Shin S, ropes at 1.9 m depth; 5 inds., Geojin, 16 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 1.8 m depth; 7 inds., Jumunjin, 17 Oct. 2011, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.1 m depth; 4 inds., Sacheon, 17 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 2 m depth; 2 inds., Gangneung, 17 Oct. 2011, Shin S, thick cloth at 2 m depth; 1 inds., Ganggu, 18 Oct. 2011, Lee T, fish trap at 3.2 m depth; 58 inds., Guryoungpo, 18 Oct. 2011, Lee T, dock wall at 3 m depth; 27 inds., Yangpo, 18 Oct. 2011, Shin S, ropes at 2.1 m depth; 86 inds., Gampo, 18 Oct. 2011, Lee T, thick cloth at 1.5 m depth; 14 inds., Bangeojin, 19 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 2.7 m depth; 4 inds., Jangsaengpo, 19 Oct. 2011, Shin S, fish trap at 3 m depth; 13 inds., Daebyeon, 19 Oct. 2011, Lee T, ropes at 2.8 m depth; 8 inds., Songjeong, 19 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth; 3 inds., Busan, 19 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, dock wall at 1.6 m depth; 25 inds., Dadaepo, 19 Oct. 2011, Lee T, fish trap at 3.2 m depth; 64 inds., Tongyeong, 20 Oct. 2011, Shin S, dock wall at 2.1 m depth; 12 inds., Gwangyang, 20 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, fish trap at 3.2 m depth. Distribution. Native all around the British Isles and reported in many part of the world. Northern Europe, part of Arctic regions, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Denmark, France, Atlantic Canada, New England, South Africa, Washington, California, Chile, South Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, China, Japan, and Korea (East Sea, Korea Strait, Jeju Island, Yellow Sea). : Published as part of Pyo, Jooyeon, Lee, Taekjun & Shin, Sook, 2012, Two newly recorded invasive alien ascidians (Chordata, Tunicata, Ascidiacea) based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis in Korea *, pp. 211-228 in Zootaxa 3368 (1) on pages 219-220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3368.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/5252406 : {"references": ["Muller, O. F. (1776) Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, seu animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Indigenarum characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularum. Typis Hallageriis, Havniae, Copenhagen, 282 pp.", "De Kay, J. E. (1843) Zoology of New York, or the New York fauna, part. 5, Mollusca. Albany, 271 pp.", "Van Name, W. G. (1912) Simple ascidians of the coasts of New England and neighboring British provinces. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 34, 439 - 619.", "Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476.", "Millar, R. H. (1952) The Annual Growth and Reproductive Cycle in Four Ascidians. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 31, 41 - 61.", "Tokioka, T. (1954) Contributions to Japanese Ascidian Fauna notes on some Ascidians Collected in Osaka Bay. Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 75 - 98.", "Yamaguchi, M. (1975) Growth and reproductive cycles of the marine fouling ascidians Ciona intestinalis, Styela plicata, Botrylloides violaceus, and Leptoclinum mitsukurii at Aburatsubo-Moroiso Inlet (Central Japan). Ymrine Biology, 29, 253 - 259.", "Rho, B. J. (1977) Illustrated flora and fauna of Korea (Porifera, Hydrozoa and Ascidiacea). Ministry of Education, Seoul, 20, pp. 101 - 136, 289 - 374.", "Rho, B. J. & Lee, J. E. (1991) A Systematic Study on the Ascidians in Korea. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 7, 195 - 220.", "Currie, D. R., McArthur, M. A. & Cohen, B. F. (1998) Exotic marine pests in the port of Geelong, Victoria. Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute, 8, 1 - 72.", "Lambert, C. C. & Lambert, G. (1998) Non-indigenous ascidians in southern California harbours and marinas. Marine Biology, 130, 675 - 688.", "Stachowicz, J. J., Fried, H., Osman, R. W. & Whitlatch, B. B. (2002) Biodiversity, Invasion Resistance, and Marine Ecosystem Function: Reconcling Pattern and Process. The Ecological Society of America, 2575 - 2590.", "Shirley, P. N. (2003) Aplousobranch ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from southern Africa. PhD dissertation, University of Port Elizabeth, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 199 pp.", "Turon, X. & Lopez-Legentil, S. (2004) Ascidian molecular phylogeny inferred from mtDNA data with emphasis on the Aplousobranchiata. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33, 309 - 320.", "Castilla, J. C., Uribe, M., Bahamonde, N., Clarke, M., Desqueyroux-Faundez, R., Kong, I., Moyano, H., Rozbaczylo, N., Santelices, B., Valdovinos, C. & Zavala, P. (2005) Down under the southeastern Pacific: marine non-indigenous species in Chile. Biological Invasions, 7, 213 - 232.", "Passamaneck, Y. J. & Gregorio, A. D. (2005) Ciona intestinalis: Chordate development made simple. Developmental Dynamics, 233, 1 - 19.", "Carver, C. E., Mallet, A. L. & Vercaemer, B. (2006) Biological Synopsis of the Solitary Tunicate Ciona intestinalis. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2746, 1 - 55.", "Nydam, M. L. & Harrison, R. G. 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