Advanced Study on Iron Fertilization with Enhanced Phytoplankton Productivity under Minimal Sulfur Compounds and Grazing Control Analysis in HNLC Region
The present study investigated quantitatively the significance of HNLC (high-nutrient low-chlorophyll) regions and its grazing control with the improved iron fertilization for climate change. The limitation of iron (Fe) for phytoplankton growth in HNLC regions was confirmed by sulfur compounds (S) s...
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5188497 2023-05-15T14:00:47+02:00 Advanced Study on Iron Fertilization with Enhanced Phytoplankton Productivity under Minimal Sulfur Compounds and Grazing Control Analysis in HNLC Region Tai-Jin Kim G. H. Hong D. G. Kim Baskaran, Mark 2021 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188497 https://zenodo.org/record/5188497 unknown Zenodo https://zenodo.org/communities/bookpi https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188496 https://zenodo.org/communities/bookpi Closed Access info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess Iron fertilization phytoplankton productivity grazing control analysis minimal sulfur compounds chapter Book section Text ScholarlyArticle 2021 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188497 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188496 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z The present study investigated quantitatively the significance of HNLC (high-nutrient low-chlorophyll) regions and its grazing control with the improved iron fertilization for climate change. The limitation of iron (Fe) for phytoplankton growth in HNLC regions was confirmed by sulfur compounds (S) such as volcanic ash and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in batch cultures, whose chemical sediment of Fe 3 S 4 showed 4.06 wt %. The technologies developed for iron fertilization since 1993 till now were not practical to provide sufficient amounts of bioavailable iron due to sedimentary iron sulfides induced by undersea volcanic sulfur compounds. The proposed technology for iron fertilization was improved to enhance the bioavailable iron to phytoplankton by keeping minimal sulfur compounds in HNLC regions. The low productivity of phytoplankton by grazing control in HNLC regions was 6% diatoms whose 52% was grazed by copepods and 42% by krill on the basis of data analysis in 2000 EisenEx Experiment at boundary of Antarctic and African tectonic plates. All of the previous iron fertilization experiments were conducted at volcanic sulfur compounds enriched HNLC regions. The present study revealed that the enhanced phytoplankton productivity in batch culture without sedimentary iron sulfides can be possible only if sulfur compounds are minimal, as is in Shag Rocks of South Georgia in Scotia Sea in the Southern Ocean. Book Part Antarc* Antarctic Scotia Sea Southern Ocean Copepods DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Antarctic Southern Ocean Scotia Sea Shag Rocks ENVELOPE(-42.033,-42.033,-53.550,-53.550) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Iron fertilization phytoplankton productivity grazing control analysis minimal sulfur compounds |
spellingShingle |
Iron fertilization phytoplankton productivity grazing control analysis minimal sulfur compounds Tai-Jin Kim G. H. Hong D. G. Kim Baskaran, Mark Advanced Study on Iron Fertilization with Enhanced Phytoplankton Productivity under Minimal Sulfur Compounds and Grazing Control Analysis in HNLC Region |
topic_facet |
Iron fertilization phytoplankton productivity grazing control analysis minimal sulfur compounds |
description |
The present study investigated quantitatively the significance of HNLC (high-nutrient low-chlorophyll) regions and its grazing control with the improved iron fertilization for climate change. The limitation of iron (Fe) for phytoplankton growth in HNLC regions was confirmed by sulfur compounds (S) such as volcanic ash and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in batch cultures, whose chemical sediment of Fe 3 S 4 showed 4.06 wt %. The technologies developed for iron fertilization since 1993 till now were not practical to provide sufficient amounts of bioavailable iron due to sedimentary iron sulfides induced by undersea volcanic sulfur compounds. The proposed technology for iron fertilization was improved to enhance the bioavailable iron to phytoplankton by keeping minimal sulfur compounds in HNLC regions. The low productivity of phytoplankton by grazing control in HNLC regions was 6% diatoms whose 52% was grazed by copepods and 42% by krill on the basis of data analysis in 2000 EisenEx Experiment at boundary of Antarctic and African tectonic plates. All of the previous iron fertilization experiments were conducted at volcanic sulfur compounds enriched HNLC regions. The present study revealed that the enhanced phytoplankton productivity in batch culture without sedimentary iron sulfides can be possible only if sulfur compounds are minimal, as is in Shag Rocks of South Georgia in Scotia Sea in the Southern Ocean. |
format |
Book Part |
author |
Tai-Jin Kim G. H. Hong D. G. Kim Baskaran, Mark |
author_facet |
Tai-Jin Kim G. H. Hong D. G. Kim Baskaran, Mark |
author_sort |
Tai-Jin Kim |
title |
Advanced Study on Iron Fertilization with Enhanced Phytoplankton Productivity under Minimal Sulfur Compounds and Grazing Control Analysis in HNLC Region |
title_short |
Advanced Study on Iron Fertilization with Enhanced Phytoplankton Productivity under Minimal Sulfur Compounds and Grazing Control Analysis in HNLC Region |
title_full |
Advanced Study on Iron Fertilization with Enhanced Phytoplankton Productivity under Minimal Sulfur Compounds and Grazing Control Analysis in HNLC Region |
title_fullStr |
Advanced Study on Iron Fertilization with Enhanced Phytoplankton Productivity under Minimal Sulfur Compounds and Grazing Control Analysis in HNLC Region |
title_full_unstemmed |
Advanced Study on Iron Fertilization with Enhanced Phytoplankton Productivity under Minimal Sulfur Compounds and Grazing Control Analysis in HNLC Region |
title_sort |
advanced study on iron fertilization with enhanced phytoplankton productivity under minimal sulfur compounds and grazing control analysis in hnlc region |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188497 https://zenodo.org/record/5188497 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-42.033,-42.033,-53.550,-53.550) |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Scotia Sea Shag Rocks |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Scotia Sea Shag Rocks |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Scotia Sea Southern Ocean Copepods |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Scotia Sea Southern Ocean Copepods |
op_relation |
https://zenodo.org/communities/bookpi https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188496 https://zenodo.org/communities/bookpi |
op_rights |
Closed Access info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188497 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188496 |
_version_ |
1766270136265736192 |