Diversidad de bacterias no fotosintéticas y sus procesos metabólicos asociados a los líquenes

• Main Authors: Martínez-Vargas, Blanca Isabel, Pérez-y-Terrón, Rocío
• Format: Text
• Language: Spanish
• Published: Zenodo 2020
• Subjects: bacterias no fotosintéticas; liquen; metabolismo; mutualismo; simbiosis; supervivencia; non-photosynthetic bacteria; lichen; metabolism; mutualism; symbiosis; survival; Arctic; Fuchs; Hongo; Krug; Wardle
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5100537; https://zenodo.org/record/5100537

RESUMEN Introducción: Los líquenes son asociaciones simbióticas mutualistas entre un hongo y una o más algas verdes o cianobacterias. Actualmente se han reportado interacciones entre los líquenes y bacterias no fotosintéticas, sin embargo, no se conoce a detalle cómo ocurren, y la diversidad y potencial de esta relación aún no han sido explorados completamente. Con el uso de nuevas herramientas moleculares y nuevos métodos de cultivo, fueron detallándose las funciones de las bacterias no fotosintéticas relacionadas con los líquenes y, por lo tanto, fue posible analizar su asociación simbiótica. Por ello, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la diversidad de bacterias no fotosintéticas y los procesos metabólicos de éstas que permiten la supervivencia de los líquenes. Metodología: A partir de la búsqueda y análisis de trabajos recientes (2015-2020) se obtuvo información sobre los filos de bacterias no fotosintéticas presentes en líquenes y se analizaron los procesos metabólicos de estas bacterias en relación con la supervivencia de los líquenes en los que se encontraban. Resultados: Los filos bacterianos frecuentemente encontrados en líquenes son Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria y Thermus. Discusión: Estos grupos de bacterias llevan a cabo procesos como la fijación de nitrógeno, producción de hormonas, pigmentos y vitaminas que contribuyen con la nutrición, protección y regulación del crecimiento del liquen. Conclusión: Los líquenes pueden considerarse como un micro-ecosistema que cuenta con interacciones simbióticas mutualistas entre varios organismos y su estudio es importante ya que permite comprender con mayor profundidad su importancia ecológica. ABSTRACT Introduction: Lichens are mutualistic symbiotic associations between a fungus and one or more green algae or cyanobacteria. Interactions between lichens and non-photosynthetic bacteria have currently been reported, however, it is not known in detail how they occur, and the diversity and potential of this relationship have not yet been fully explored. With the use of new molecular tools and new culture methods, the functions of non-photosynthetic bacteria related to lichens were detailed and, therefore, it was possible to analyze their symbiotic association. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the diversity of non-photosynthetic bacteria and their metabolic processes that allow the survival of lichens. Methodology : From the search and analysis of recent works (2015-2020), the phyla of non-photosynthetic bacteria present in lichens were obtained and the metabolic processes of these bacteria were analyzed in relation to the survival of the lichens in which they were found. Results: The bacterial phyla frequently found in lichens are Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria y Thermus, Discussion: These groups of bacteria carry out processes such as nitrogen fixation, production of hormones, pigments and vitamins that contribute to the nutrition, protection and regulation of the growth of the lichen. Conclusion: Lichens can be considered as a micro-ecosystem that has mutualistic symbiotic interactions between various organisms and their study is important since it allows us to understand their ecological importance in greater depth. : {"references": ["Asplund, J., & Wardle, D. A. How lichens impact on terrestrial community and ecosystem properties. Biological Reviews 2017; 92(3): 1720-1738.", "Cernava, T., Berg, G., & Grube, M. High life expectancy of bacteria on lichens. Microbial ecology 2016; 72 (3): 510-513.", "Sigurbj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir, M. A., Andresson, O.S., & Villhelmsson, O. 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