Revisión sobre la ocurrencia de triclosán en aguas subterráneas y tendencias tecnológicas para su remoción
RESUMEN Debido a la importancia como fuente de abastecimiento de agua potable, las aguas subterráneas deben garantizar seguridad en cuanto a su composición química. Sin embargo, en años recientes una gran cantidad de micro-contaminantes orgánicos tóxicos no regulados se han detectado en aguas subter...
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| Format: | Text |
| Language: | Spanish |
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Zenodo
2020
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| Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099347 https://zenodo.org/record/5099347 |
| Summary: | RESUMEN Debido a la importancia como fuente de abastecimiento de agua potable, las aguas subterráneas deben garantizar seguridad en cuanto a su composición química. Sin embargo, en años recientes una gran cantidad de micro-contaminantes orgánicos tóxicos no regulados se han detectado en aguas subterráneas. El triclosán (TCS) es una sustancia desinfectante que debido a sus propiedades tóxicas y alta movilidad en el medio ambiente ha sido una molécula indicadora de procesos contaminantes de origen antropogénico. El análisis de estudios de monitoreo de contaminación de aguas subterráneas con triclosán muestra que su presencia en estas fuentes de agua potable se encuentra principalmente en zonas urbanas y en menor medida en zonas rurales. Y fundamentalmente, se debe a tres problemáticas: 1) la infiltración de aguas residuales domésticas sin tratamiento, 2) la infiltración de aguas residuales domésticas tratadas en cuyo tren de tratamiento no se contemplan operaciones avanzadas para la eliminación de micro-contaminantes orgánicos y 3) la infiltración de lixiviados provenientes de rellenos sanitarios. Las tecnologías más prometedoras para la remoción de triclosán de sistemas acuosos con bajo contenido de materia orgánica son: oxidación y oxidación avanzada, adsorción y biosorción, remoción metabólica microbiana, transformación enzimática y fitofiltración. La mayoría de los estudios para la remoción de triclosán se han realizado a nivel de laboratorio poniendo énfasis tanto en la eficiencia del proceso como en el mecanismo de remoción del contaminante, estos estudios son de gran importancia para el diseño de sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales y naturales. ABSTRACT According to the importance of a source of drinking water supply, groundwater must guarantee safety in terms of its chemical composition. However, in recent years a large amount of unregulated toxic organic micro-pollutants has been detected in groundwater. Triclosan (TCS) is a disinfectant substance and indicator molecule for anthropogenic origin polluting processes due to its toxic properties and high mobility in the environment. Studies of monitoring analysis for groundwater contamination with triclosan shows that its presence in drinking water sources is mainly found in urban areas and, to a lesser extent, in rural areas. The presence of TCS is fundamentally due to three problems: 1) infiltration of untreated domestic wastewater, 2) infiltration of treated domestic wastewater in where, treatment process does not include advanced operations to eliminate organic micro-pollutants, and 3) infiltration of leachate from sanitary landfills. The most promising technologies for triclosan removal from aqueous systems with low organic matter content are advanced oxidation and oxidation, adsorption and biosorption, microbial metabolic removal, enzymatic transformation, and phytofiltration. Many of the studies for triclosan removal have been carried out at the laboratory level emphasizing both the efficiency of the process and the pollutant removal mechanism, these studies are of great importance for the design of wastewater and natural water treatment systems. : {"references": ["United Nations. Resolution A/RES/64/292. United Nations General Assembly: 2010", "Office of the high commissioner for human rights. General Comment No. 15. The right to water. UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: 2002", "Schmoll O, Howard G, Chilton J, Chorus I, editors. Protecting groundwater for health: managing the quality of drinking-water sources. World Health Organization: 2006.", "CONAGUA. 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