ISO Cluster Classifier by ArcGIS for Unsupervised Classification of the Landsat TM Image of Reykjavík
The paper presents the use of the Landsat TM image processed by the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst Tool for environmental mapping of southwestern Iceland, region of Reykjavik. Iceland is one of the most special Arctic regions with unique flora and landscapes. Its environment is presented by vulnerable ecosy...
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.5068504 2023-05-15T15:18:57+02:00 ISO Cluster Classifier by ArcGIS for Unsupervised Classification of the Landsat TM Image of Reykjavík Lemenkova, Polina 2021 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5068504 https://zenodo.org/record/5068504 en eng Zenodo https://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bnsr11-30488 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5068505 Open Access Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY Machine learning Landsat TM ArcGIS Cartography Text Journal article article-journal ScholarlyArticle 2021 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5068504 https://doi.org/10.5937/bnsr11-30488 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5068505 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z The paper presents the use of the Landsat TM image processed by the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst Tool for environmental mapping of southwestern Iceland, region of Reykjavik. Iceland is one of the most special Arctic regions with unique flora and landscapes. Its environment is presented by vulnerable ecosystems of highlands where vegetation is affected by climate, human or geologic factors: overgrazing, volcanism, annual temperature change. Therefore, mapping land cover types in Iceland contribute to the nature conservation, sustainable development and environmental monitoring purposes. This paper starts by review of the current trends in remote sensing, the importance of Landsat TM imagery for environmental mapping in general and Iceland in particular, and the requirements of GIS specifically for satellite image analysis. This is followed by the extended methodological workflow supported by illustrative print screens and technical description of data processing in ArcGIS. The data used in this research include Landsat TM image which was captured using GloVis and processed in ArcGIS. The methodology includes a workflow involving several technical steps of raster da ta processing in ArcGIS: 1) coordinate projecting, 2) panchromatic sharpening, 3) inspection of raster statistics, 4) spectral bands combination, 5) calculations, 6) unsupervised classification, 7) mapping. The classification was done by clustering technique using ISO Cluster algorithm and Maximum Likelihood Classification. This paper finally presents the results of the ISO Cluster application for Landsat TM image processing and concludes final remarks on the perspectives of environmental mapping based on Landsat TM image processing in ArcGIS.The results of the classification present landscapes divided into eight distinct land cover classes: 1) bare soils; 2) shrubs and smaller trees in the river valleys, urban areas including green spaces; 3) water areas; 4) forests including the Reykjanesfólkvangur National reserve; 5) ice-covered areas, glaciers and cloudy regions; 6) ravine valleys with a sparse type of the vegetation: rowan, alder, heathland, wetland; 7) rocks; 8) mixed areas. The final remarks include the discussion on the development of machine learning methods and opportunities of their technical applications in GIS-based analysis and Earth Observation data processing in ArcGIS, including image analysis and classification, mapping and visualization, machine learning and environmental applications for decision making in forestry and sustainable development. Text Arctic Iceland Reykjavík Reykjavík ice covered areas DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Arctic Reykjavík |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
English |
topic |
Machine learning Landsat TM ArcGIS Cartography |
spellingShingle |
Machine learning Landsat TM ArcGIS Cartography Lemenkova, Polina ISO Cluster Classifier by ArcGIS for Unsupervised Classification of the Landsat TM Image of Reykjavík |
topic_facet |
Machine learning Landsat TM ArcGIS Cartography |
description |
The paper presents the use of the Landsat TM image processed by the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst Tool for environmental mapping of southwestern Iceland, region of Reykjavik. Iceland is one of the most special Arctic regions with unique flora and landscapes. Its environment is presented by vulnerable ecosystems of highlands where vegetation is affected by climate, human or geologic factors: overgrazing, volcanism, annual temperature change. Therefore, mapping land cover types in Iceland contribute to the nature conservation, sustainable development and environmental monitoring purposes. This paper starts by review of the current trends in remote sensing, the importance of Landsat TM imagery for environmental mapping in general and Iceland in particular, and the requirements of GIS specifically for satellite image analysis. This is followed by the extended methodological workflow supported by illustrative print screens and technical description of data processing in ArcGIS. The data used in this research include Landsat TM image which was captured using GloVis and processed in ArcGIS. The methodology includes a workflow involving several technical steps of raster da ta processing in ArcGIS: 1) coordinate projecting, 2) panchromatic sharpening, 3) inspection of raster statistics, 4) spectral bands combination, 5) calculations, 6) unsupervised classification, 7) mapping. The classification was done by clustering technique using ISO Cluster algorithm and Maximum Likelihood Classification. This paper finally presents the results of the ISO Cluster application for Landsat TM image processing and concludes final remarks on the perspectives of environmental mapping based on Landsat TM image processing in ArcGIS.The results of the classification present landscapes divided into eight distinct land cover classes: 1) bare soils; 2) shrubs and smaller trees in the river valleys, urban areas including green spaces; 3) water areas; 4) forests including the Reykjanesfólkvangur National reserve; 5) ice-covered areas, glaciers and cloudy regions; 6) ravine valleys with a sparse type of the vegetation: rowan, alder, heathland, wetland; 7) rocks; 8) mixed areas. The final remarks include the discussion on the development of machine learning methods and opportunities of their technical applications in GIS-based analysis and Earth Observation data processing in ArcGIS, including image analysis and classification, mapping and visualization, machine learning and environmental applications for decision making in forestry and sustainable development. |
format |
Text |
author |
Lemenkova, Polina |
author_facet |
Lemenkova, Polina |
author_sort |
Lemenkova, Polina |
title |
ISO Cluster Classifier by ArcGIS for Unsupervised Classification of the Landsat TM Image of Reykjavík |
title_short |
ISO Cluster Classifier by ArcGIS for Unsupervised Classification of the Landsat TM Image of Reykjavík |
title_full |
ISO Cluster Classifier by ArcGIS for Unsupervised Classification of the Landsat TM Image of Reykjavík |
title_fullStr |
ISO Cluster Classifier by ArcGIS for Unsupervised Classification of the Landsat TM Image of Reykjavík |
title_full_unstemmed |
ISO Cluster Classifier by ArcGIS for Unsupervised Classification of the Landsat TM Image of Reykjavík |
title_sort |
iso cluster classifier by arcgis for unsupervised classification of the landsat tm image of reykjavík |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5068504 https://zenodo.org/record/5068504 |
geographic |
Arctic Reykjavík |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Reykjavík |
genre |
Arctic Iceland Reykjavík Reykjavík ice covered areas |
genre_facet |
Arctic Iceland Reykjavík Reykjavík ice covered areas |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bnsr11-30488 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5068505 |
op_rights |
Open Access Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5068504 https://doi.org/10.5937/bnsr11-30488 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5068505 |
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