Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations.
The second version of the coupled Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) is presented and evaluated. NorESM2 is based on the second version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) and shares with CESM2 the computer code infrastructure and many Earth system model components. However, NorESM2 empl...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Text |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
Zenodo
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773613 https://zenodo.org/record/4773613 |
id |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.4773613 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.4773613 2023-05-15T13:12:06+02:00 Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations. Seland, Øyvind Bentsen, Mats Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo Toniazzo, Thomas Gjermundsen, Ada Graff, Lise Seland Debernard, Jens Boldingh Gupta, Alok Kumar He, Yan-Chun Kirkevåg, Alf Schwinger, Jörg Tjiputra, Jerry Aas, Kjetil Schanke Bethke, Ingo Fan, Yuanchao Griesfeller, Jan Grini, Alf Guo, Chuncheng Ilicak, Mehmet Karset, Inger Helene H Landgren, Oskar Andreas Liakka, Johan Moseid, Kine Onsum Nummelin, Aleksi Spensberger, Clemens Tang, Hui Zhang, Zhongshi Heinze, Christoph Iversen, Trond Schulz, Michael 2020 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773613 https://zenodo.org/record/4773613 unknown Zenodo https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773612 Open Access Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY Text Journal article article-journal ScholarlyArticle 2020 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773613 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773612 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z The second version of the coupled Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) is presented and evaluated. NorESM2 is based on the second version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) and shares with CESM2 the computer code infrastructure and many Earth system model components. However, NorESM2 employs entirely different ocean and ocean biogeochemistry models. The atmosphere component of NorESM2 (CAM-Nor) includes a different module for aerosol physics and chemistry, including interactions with cloud and radiation; additionally, CAM-Nor includes improvements in the formulation of local dry and moist energy conservation, in local and global angular momentum conservation, and in the computations for deep convection and air–sea fluxes. The surface components of NorESM2 have minor changes in the albedo calculations and to land and sea-ice models. We present results from simulations with NorESM2 that were carried out for the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Two versions of the model are used: one with lower (∼ 2 ∘ ) atmosphere–land resolution and one with medium (∼ 1 ∘ ) atmosphere–land resolution. The stability of the pre-industrial climate and the sensitivity of the model to abrupt and gradual quadrupling of CO 2 are assessed, along with the ability of the model to simulate the historical climate under the CMIP6 forcings. Compared to observations and reanalyses, NorESM2 represents an improvement over previous versions of NorESM in most aspects. NorESM2 appears less sensitive to greenhouse gas forcing than its predecessors, with an estimated equilibrium climate sensitivity of 2.5 K in both resolutions on a 150-year time frame; however, this estimate increases with the time window and the climate sensitivity at equilibration is much higher. We also consider the model response to future scenarios as defined by selected Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project defined under CMIP6. Under the four scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5), the warming in the period 2090–2099 compared to 1850–1879 reaches 1.3, 2.2, 3.0, and 3.9 K in NorESM2-LM, and 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, and 3.9 K in NorESM-MM, robustly similar in both resolutions. NorESM2-LM shows a rather satisfactory evolution of recent sea-ice area. In NorESM2-LM, an ice-free Arctic Ocean is only avoided in the SSP1-2.6 scenario. Text albedo Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Arctic Arctic Ocean |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
unknown |
description |
The second version of the coupled Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) is presented and evaluated. NorESM2 is based on the second version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) and shares with CESM2 the computer code infrastructure and many Earth system model components. However, NorESM2 employs entirely different ocean and ocean biogeochemistry models. The atmosphere component of NorESM2 (CAM-Nor) includes a different module for aerosol physics and chemistry, including interactions with cloud and radiation; additionally, CAM-Nor includes improvements in the formulation of local dry and moist energy conservation, in local and global angular momentum conservation, and in the computations for deep convection and air–sea fluxes. The surface components of NorESM2 have minor changes in the albedo calculations and to land and sea-ice models. We present results from simulations with NorESM2 that were carried out for the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Two versions of the model are used: one with lower (∼ 2 ∘ ) atmosphere–land resolution and one with medium (∼ 1 ∘ ) atmosphere–land resolution. The stability of the pre-industrial climate and the sensitivity of the model to abrupt and gradual quadrupling of CO 2 are assessed, along with the ability of the model to simulate the historical climate under the CMIP6 forcings. Compared to observations and reanalyses, NorESM2 represents an improvement over previous versions of NorESM in most aspects. NorESM2 appears less sensitive to greenhouse gas forcing than its predecessors, with an estimated equilibrium climate sensitivity of 2.5 K in both resolutions on a 150-year time frame; however, this estimate increases with the time window and the climate sensitivity at equilibration is much higher. We also consider the model response to future scenarios as defined by selected Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project defined under CMIP6. Under the four scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5), the warming in the period 2090–2099 compared to 1850–1879 reaches 1.3, 2.2, 3.0, and 3.9 K in NorESM2-LM, and 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, and 3.9 K in NorESM-MM, robustly similar in both resolutions. NorESM2-LM shows a rather satisfactory evolution of recent sea-ice area. In NorESM2-LM, an ice-free Arctic Ocean is only avoided in the SSP1-2.6 scenario. |
format |
Text |
author |
Seland, Øyvind Bentsen, Mats Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo Toniazzo, Thomas Gjermundsen, Ada Graff, Lise Seland Debernard, Jens Boldingh Gupta, Alok Kumar He, Yan-Chun Kirkevåg, Alf Schwinger, Jörg Tjiputra, Jerry Aas, Kjetil Schanke Bethke, Ingo Fan, Yuanchao Griesfeller, Jan Grini, Alf Guo, Chuncheng Ilicak, Mehmet Karset, Inger Helene H Landgren, Oskar Andreas Liakka, Johan Moseid, Kine Onsum Nummelin, Aleksi Spensberger, Clemens Tang, Hui Zhang, Zhongshi Heinze, Christoph Iversen, Trond Schulz, Michael |
spellingShingle |
Seland, Øyvind Bentsen, Mats Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo Toniazzo, Thomas Gjermundsen, Ada Graff, Lise Seland Debernard, Jens Boldingh Gupta, Alok Kumar He, Yan-Chun Kirkevåg, Alf Schwinger, Jörg Tjiputra, Jerry Aas, Kjetil Schanke Bethke, Ingo Fan, Yuanchao Griesfeller, Jan Grini, Alf Guo, Chuncheng Ilicak, Mehmet Karset, Inger Helene H Landgren, Oskar Andreas Liakka, Johan Moseid, Kine Onsum Nummelin, Aleksi Spensberger, Clemens Tang, Hui Zhang, Zhongshi Heinze, Christoph Iversen, Trond Schulz, Michael Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations. |
author_facet |
Seland, Øyvind Bentsen, Mats Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo Toniazzo, Thomas Gjermundsen, Ada Graff, Lise Seland Debernard, Jens Boldingh Gupta, Alok Kumar He, Yan-Chun Kirkevåg, Alf Schwinger, Jörg Tjiputra, Jerry Aas, Kjetil Schanke Bethke, Ingo Fan, Yuanchao Griesfeller, Jan Grini, Alf Guo, Chuncheng Ilicak, Mehmet Karset, Inger Helene H Landgren, Oskar Andreas Liakka, Johan Moseid, Kine Onsum Nummelin, Aleksi Spensberger, Clemens Tang, Hui Zhang, Zhongshi Heinze, Christoph Iversen, Trond Schulz, Michael |
author_sort |
Seland, Øyvind |
title |
Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations. |
title_short |
Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations. |
title_full |
Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations. |
title_fullStr |
Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations. |
title_sort |
overview of the norwegian earth system model (noresm2) and key climate response of cmip6 deck, historical, and scenario simulations. |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773613 https://zenodo.org/record/4773613 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
albedo Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
genre_facet |
albedo Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773612 |
op_rights |
Open Access Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773613 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773612 |
_version_ |
1766250345452797952 |