Carcharhinus brachyurus

• Main Authors: Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P., Kyne, Peter M.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2021
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Chordata; Elasmobranchii; Carcharhiniformes; Carcharhinidae; Carcharhinus; Carcharhinus brachyurus; New Zealand; Harper; Doyle; Table Bay; False Bay; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4693936; https://zenodo.org/record/4693936

Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870) Copper Shark Carcharias brachyurus G̹nther, 1870: 369. Neotype: NMNZ P. 2262, female 2420 mm TL, off Wanganui, New Zealand; neotype designation by Garrick (1982); original type material in BMNH are apparently lost, and two Australian embryos referred to by G̹nther (1870) are actually C. leucas (see Garrick, 1982). Local synonymy : Carcharinus obscurus : Barnard, 1925: 25 (misidentified). Eulamia obscurus : von Bonde, 1934: 14 (misidentified after Barnard, 1925). Carcharhinus obscurus : Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948b: 382, figs. 71–72 (in part, South African records refer to Barnard’s 1925 specimen). Carcharhinus improvisus : Smith, 1952c: 761, fig. 1 (original description, Algoa Bay); Smith, 1952e: 6, fig. 3; Smith, 1953: 41, pl. 104; Smith, 1963, 364, figs. 1–3. Carcharhinus ahenea : Smith, 1962a: 28; D’Aubrey, 1964a: 31, pl. 15. Carcharhinus limbatus : Doyle, 1964: 18, pl. Carcharhinus brachyurus : Bass et al ., 1973: 23, fig. 8; Garrick, 1982: 171, figs. 78–81; Compagno, 1984b: 464, fig.; Bass et al ., 1986: 71, fig. 9.5, pl. 2; Cliff & Wilson, 1986: 21; Compagno, 1988a: 316; Compagno, et al ., 1989: 62, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 120; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 57; Compagno et al ., 2005: 292, fig., pl. 61; Ebert et al ., 2013 a: 461, fig., pl. 67; Mann, 2013: 31; NPOA, 2013: 40; da Silva et al ., 2015: 246; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Compagno, 2016: 1299; Weigmann, 2016: 854. South Africa voucher material : SAIAB 6121, SAIAB 6347, SAIAB 10442, SAIAB 10722, SAIAB 12820, SAIAB 13024, SAIAB 14864, SAIAB 27580, SAIAB 30170, SAIAB 44231, SAIAB 201711, SAIAB 202978. South African distribution : Almost the entire coast from the Orange River (NC) to central KZN. Remarks : This species has a long checkered nomenclatural history. Barnard (1925) first recorded C. brachyurus in South African waters based on a specimen from Table Bay (WC), however, he had misidentified it as C. obscurus . The name C. obscurus appeared in the literature until Smith (1952b) described a new species, C. improvisus from Algoa Bay. Smith (1962a) later recorded this species as C. ahenea from False Bay (WC) and considered them different species. D’Aubrey (1964a) considered both C. ahenea and C. improvisus to be synonymous under the name C. ahenea . The specimen originally identified by Barnard (1925) as C. obscurus had been stuffed and was on exhibit at SAM when it was examined by Bass et al . (1973) who confirmed it as C. brachyurus based on the jaws. Garrick (1982) reviewed the various names, including C. ahenea and C. improvisus , and assigned them all to the same species, C. brachyurus . Conservation status : VU (2020). : Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 61-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567 : {"references": ["Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194.", "Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.", "von Bonde, C. (1934) Shark fishing as an industry. Union of South Africa, Department of Commerce and Industry, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Investigational Report, Series 2, 1 - 19.", "Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1948 b) Sharks. Fishes of the Western North Atlantic Part 1. Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Series 1, 1, 56 - 576.", "Smith, J. L. B. (1952 c) Two chondrichthyan fishes new to South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 760 - 765. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935208654346", "Smith, J. L. B. (1952 e) We need information about sharks: anglers can help science. South African Angler, 6 (11), 6 - 7, 22.", "Smith, J. L. B. (1953) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 3 rd Edition. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 564 pp.", "Smith, J. L. B. (1963) Shark attacks in the South African seas. In: Gilbert, P. W. (Ed.), Sharks and Survival. D. C. Heath, Boston, pp. 363 - 368.", "Smith, J. L. B. (1962 a) Bronze whaler shark of Australia comes to South Africa. Field & Tide, 4 (1), 28.", "D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.", "Doyle, D. (1964) Shark fight at Buffels bay. Fin Diver, 1 (8), 18 - 19.", "Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168.", "Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.", "Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.", "Cliff, G. & Wilson, R. B. (1986) Natal Sharks Board's Field Guide to Sharks and Other Marine Animals. Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 57 pp.", "Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.", "Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406", "Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.", "Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.", "Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.", "Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343.", "NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.", "da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471", "Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730", "Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.", "Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874", "Smith, J. L. B. (1952 b) Carcharhinus zambezensis Peters, 1852, notes on other chondrichthyan fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 857 - 863. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935208654359"]}