Gallinula disneyi Boles 2005
Flightlessness in Gallinula disneyi The major morphological consequence of flightlessness is a reduction of the pectoral assemblage and forelimb. Concurrent with this is an increase in the size of the pelvic limb. The most obvious morphological change in the legs is an increase in the robustness of...
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Zenodo
2005
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Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685420 https://zenodo.org/record/4685420 |
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.4685420 |
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openpolar |
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Open Polar |
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DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
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unknown |
topic |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Aves Gruiformes Rallidae Gallinula Gallinula disneyi |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Aves Gruiformes Rallidae Gallinula Gallinula disneyi Boles, Walter E. Gallinula disneyi Boles 2005 |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Aves Gruiformes Rallidae Gallinula Gallinula disneyi |
description |
Flightlessness in Gallinula disneyi The major morphological consequence of flightlessness is a reduction of the pectoral assemblage and forelimb. Concurrent with this is an increase in the size of the pelvic limb. The most obvious morphological change in the legs is an increase in the robustness of the elements. In the wing there are several structures that undergo obvious and characteristic modifications with the loss of flight. Olson (1975a) and Rich et al . (1985) presented a range of features that characterize the humerus of non-volant birds. These are evident in a comparison between the Riversleigh fossils and the similar-sized humerus of Gallinula ventralis . In the fossils, the incisura capitis is directed more proximodistally, bringing it more in line with the shaft; this is caused by the entire proximal end of the humerus being tilted laterally relative to the rest of the element. By virtue of this tilting, the tuberculum ventrale becomes on the same proximal level as the caput humeri. The caput itself is considerably flattened and elongate. The crista deltopectoralis is thickened, reduced and rotated proximomedially in respect to the shaft. The crista bicipitalis is reduced. The shaft is curved and stout; however, this has not been preserved in the fossils. Other changes are seen in the fossil carpometacarpus. Compared to this element in the volant species, it is reduced, becoming shorter as well as stouter, os metacarpale majus is bowed in anterior view, and os metacarpale minus is more curved. Changes in the coracoid related to flightlessness include a more robust processus acrocoracoideus and a broader and more medially directed processus procoracoideus lacking the ventrally directed twist of the tip. The proportional reduction in length is not uniform across the wing elements. There is a gradient in this proportion, with increased reduction from the proximal to the distal elements (Livezey, 1995). This is characteristic of flightless birds, not just rails (see, for example, Gadow, 1902; Livezey, 1989, 1990, 1992; Livezey & Humphrey, 1986; Worthy, 1988). Direct comparison of the fossils with comparable elements of the volant Gallinula ventralis demonstrates that the fossil rails also exhibit this trend (Fig. 6). The proximal end of the fossil humerus is slightly smaller than that of G. ventralis , primarily through the reduction of the caput humeri and cristae deltopectoralis and bicipitalis, while the distal end is larger. The carpometacarpus of the fossil is substantially shorter (78% of length) and more robust. In contrast, all fragments of the fossil's hindlimb elements are considerably larger than the comparable sections of the bones of G. ventralis . Its larger legs and smaller wings compared to G. ventralis are a good indication that it was unable to fly. Although Gallinula hodgenorum had greater reduction of the wings and pectoral apparatus, and more pronounced morphological differences from G. ventralis than had G. mortierii (Olson, 1975b), it showed trends in the hindlimb that are also evident in the Riversleigh bird. The shafts of both the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus are heavier those of G. ventralis . The crista cnemialis lateralis of the tibiotarsus is thicker. The proximal end of the tarsometatarsus is more expanded, as are the trochleae, which are also heavier. It is difficult to compare these usefully with the trochleae of G. disneyi because abrasion to the latter gives an underestimate of their size (see Fig. 6). : Published as part of Boles, Walter E., 2005, A New Flightless Gallinule (Aves: Rallidae: Gallinula) from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, Northwestern Queensland, Australia, pp. 179-190 in Records of the Australian Museum 57 (2) on page 187, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.57.2005.1441, http://zenodo.org/record/4685543 : {"references": ["Olson, S. L., 1975 a. A review of the extinct rails of the New Zealand region (Aves: Rallidae). Records of the National Museum of New Zealand 1: 63 - 79.", "Rich, P. V., A. R. McEvey & R. F. Baird, 1985. Osteological comparison of the scrub-birds, Atrichornis, and lyrebirds, Menura (Passeriformes: Atrichornithidae and Menuridae). Records of the Australian Museum 37 (3): 165 - 191.", "Livezey, B. C., 1995. Heterochrony and the evolution of avian flightlessness. In Evolutionary Change and Heterochrony, ed. K. J. McNamara, pp. 169 - 193. New York: John Wiley and Sons.", "Gadow, H., 1902. The wing and skeleton of Phalacrocorax harrisi. Novitates Zoologicae, London 9: 169 - 176.", "Livezey, B. C., 1989. Phylogenetic relationships and incipient flightlessness of the extinct Auckland Islands Merganser. Wilson Bulletin 101: 410 - 439.", "Livezey, B. C., 1990. Evolutionary morphology of flightlessness in the Auckland Islands Teal. Condor 92: 639 - 673.", "Livezey, B. C., 1992. Morphological corollaries and ecological implications of flightlessness in the Kakapo (Psittaciformes: Strigops habroptilus). Journal of Morphology 213: 105 - 145.", "Worthy, T. H., 1988. Loss of flight ability in the extinct New Zealand duck Euryanas finschi. Journal of Zoology, London 215: 619 - 628.", "Olson, S. L., 1975 b. The extinct rails of C. W. De Vis, being mainly an extinct form of Tribonyx mortierii from Queensland. Emu 75: 49 - 54."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Boles, Walter E. |
author_facet |
Boles, Walter E. |
author_sort |
Boles, Walter E. |
title |
Gallinula disneyi Boles 2005 |
title_short |
Gallinula disneyi Boles 2005 |
title_full |
Gallinula disneyi Boles 2005 |
title_fullStr |
Gallinula disneyi Boles 2005 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gallinula disneyi Boles 2005 |
title_sort |
gallinula disneyi boles 2005 |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685420 https://zenodo.org/record/4685420 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-54.065,-54.065,49.700,49.700) |
geographic |
New Zealand Queensland Tilting |
geographic_facet |
New Zealand Queensland Tilting |
genre |
Auckland Islands |
genre_facet |
Auckland Islands |
op_relation |
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op_rights |
Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685420 https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.57.2005.1441 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685559 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685421 |
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1766364237720977408 |
spelling |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.4685420 2023-05-15T15:33:43+02:00 Gallinula disneyi Boles 2005 Boles, Walter E. 2005 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685420 https://zenodo.org/record/4685420 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/4685543 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFE4FFE4CB638D13EB52FFCF865CFFF6 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.57.2005.1441 http://zenodo.org/record/4685543 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFE4FFE4CB638D13EB52FFCF865CFFF6 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685559 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685421 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode cc0-1.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC0 Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Aves Gruiformes Rallidae Gallinula Gallinula disneyi Text Taxonomic treatment article-journal ScholarlyArticle 2005 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685420 https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.57.2005.1441 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685559 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685421 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z Flightlessness in Gallinula disneyi The major morphological consequence of flightlessness is a reduction of the pectoral assemblage and forelimb. Concurrent with this is an increase in the size of the pelvic limb. The most obvious morphological change in the legs is an increase in the robustness of the elements. In the wing there are several structures that undergo obvious and characteristic modifications with the loss of flight. Olson (1975a) and Rich et al . (1985) presented a range of features that characterize the humerus of non-volant birds. These are evident in a comparison between the Riversleigh fossils and the similar-sized humerus of Gallinula ventralis . In the fossils, the incisura capitis is directed more proximodistally, bringing it more in line with the shaft; this is caused by the entire proximal end of the humerus being tilted laterally relative to the rest of the element. By virtue of this tilting, the tuberculum ventrale becomes on the same proximal level as the caput humeri. The caput itself is considerably flattened and elongate. The crista deltopectoralis is thickened, reduced and rotated proximomedially in respect to the shaft. The crista bicipitalis is reduced. The shaft is curved and stout; however, this has not been preserved in the fossils. Other changes are seen in the fossil carpometacarpus. Compared to this element in the volant species, it is reduced, becoming shorter as well as stouter, os metacarpale majus is bowed in anterior view, and os metacarpale minus is more curved. Changes in the coracoid related to flightlessness include a more robust processus acrocoracoideus and a broader and more medially directed processus procoracoideus lacking the ventrally directed twist of the tip. The proportional reduction in length is not uniform across the wing elements. There is a gradient in this proportion, with increased reduction from the proximal to the distal elements (Livezey, 1995). This is characteristic of flightless birds, not just rails (see, for example, Gadow, 1902; Livezey, 1989, 1990, 1992; Livezey & Humphrey, 1986; Worthy, 1988). Direct comparison of the fossils with comparable elements of the volant Gallinula ventralis demonstrates that the fossil rails also exhibit this trend (Fig. 6). The proximal end of the fossil humerus is slightly smaller than that of G. ventralis , primarily through the reduction of the caput humeri and cristae deltopectoralis and bicipitalis, while the distal end is larger. The carpometacarpus of the fossil is substantially shorter (78% of length) and more robust. In contrast, all fragments of the fossil's hindlimb elements are considerably larger than the comparable sections of the bones of G. ventralis . Its larger legs and smaller wings compared to G. ventralis are a good indication that it was unable to fly. Although Gallinula hodgenorum had greater reduction of the wings and pectoral apparatus, and more pronounced morphological differences from G. ventralis than had G. mortierii (Olson, 1975b), it showed trends in the hindlimb that are also evident in the Riversleigh bird. The shafts of both the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus are heavier those of G. ventralis . The crista cnemialis lateralis of the tibiotarsus is thicker. The proximal end of the tarsometatarsus is more expanded, as are the trochleae, which are also heavier. It is difficult to compare these usefully with the trochleae of G. disneyi because abrasion to the latter gives an underestimate of their size (see Fig. 6). : Published as part of Boles, Walter E., 2005, A New Flightless Gallinule (Aves: Rallidae: Gallinula) from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, Northwestern Queensland, Australia, pp. 179-190 in Records of the Australian Museum 57 (2) on page 187, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.57.2005.1441, http://zenodo.org/record/4685543 : {"references": ["Olson, S. L., 1975 a. A review of the extinct rails of the New Zealand region (Aves: Rallidae). Records of the National Museum of New Zealand 1: 63 - 79.", "Rich, P. V., A. R. McEvey & R. F. Baird, 1985. Osteological comparison of the scrub-birds, Atrichornis, and lyrebirds, Menura (Passeriformes: Atrichornithidae and Menuridae). Records of the Australian Museum 37 (3): 165 - 191.", "Livezey, B. C., 1995. Heterochrony and the evolution of avian flightlessness. In Evolutionary Change and Heterochrony, ed. K. J. McNamara, pp. 169 - 193. New York: John Wiley and Sons.", "Gadow, H., 1902. The wing and skeleton of Phalacrocorax harrisi. Novitates Zoologicae, London 9: 169 - 176.", "Livezey, B. C., 1989. Phylogenetic relationships and incipient flightlessness of the extinct Auckland Islands Merganser. Wilson Bulletin 101: 410 - 439.", "Livezey, B. C., 1990. Evolutionary morphology of flightlessness in the Auckland Islands Teal. Condor 92: 639 - 673.", "Livezey, B. C., 1992. Morphological corollaries and ecological implications of flightlessness in the Kakapo (Psittaciformes: Strigops habroptilus). Journal of Morphology 213: 105 - 145.", "Worthy, T. H., 1988. Loss of flight ability in the extinct New Zealand duck Euryanas finschi. Journal of Zoology, London 215: 619 - 628.", "Olson, S. L., 1975 b. The extinct rails of C. W. De Vis, being mainly an extinct form of Tribonyx mortierii from Queensland. Emu 75: 49 - 54."]} Text Auckland Islands DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) New Zealand Queensland Tilting ENVELOPE(-54.065,-54.065,49.700,49.700) |