Polypedilum Kieffer 1913

• Main Authors: Mukherjee, Tuhar, Mukherjee, Bindarika, Hazra, Niladri
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2020
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Chironomidae; Polypedilum; Canada; Greenland; Pacific; Norway; Indian; Seta; Midland; Sickle; Flandres; Iceland
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434693; https://zenodo.org/record/4434693

Key to the male species of Polypedilum Kieffer, 1913 of the Oriental Region (Japan: Oriental and Palaearctic Japan; China: Oriental and Palaearctic China) 1. Wing membrane without dense macrotrichia............................................................. 2 - Wing membrane with dense macrotrichia...................................... Pentapedilum Kieffer, 1913 ... 7 2(1). Superior volsella with or without small projection......................................................... 3 - Superior volsella with long projection.................................................................. 4 3(2). Superior volsella without projection; usually anal point trifid........................ Tripodura Townes, 1945 ... 25 - Superior volsella with small projection; anal point simple............. Uresipedilum Oyewo and Saether, 1998 ... 113 4(2). Superior volsella without basal lobe.................................................................... 5 - Superior volsella with basal lobe...................................................................... 6 5(4). Gonostylus with simple setae at its inner margin................................. Polypedilum Kieffer, 1913 ... 71 - Gonostylus with split setae at its inner margin........................ Cerobregma Saether and Sundal, 1998 ... 131 6(4). Superior volsella with microtrichia.............. Atopipedilum Yamamoto, Yamamoto and Hirowatari, 2015 ... 136 - Superior volsella without microtrichia (Oriental China)............... P . ( Probolum ) bullum Zhang and Wang, 2004 7(1). Eyes with dorsomedial extension...................................................................... 8 - Eyes without dorsomedial extension.................................................................. 13 8(7). Frontal tubercle present............................................................................. 9 - Frontal tubercle absent............................................................................. 10 9(8). Scutellars less than 10; abdomen uniform (Oriental Japan).............................................................................................. P . ( Pe .) acristylum Yamamoto, Hirowatari and Yamamoto, 2012 - Scutellars more than 10; abdomen banded........................ P . ( Pe .) robusticeps Guha and Chaudhuri, 1985 10(8). Wing vein R 2+3 separated from R 1.................................................................... 11 - Wing vein R 2+3 adjacent to R 1....................................................................... 12 11(10). AR greater than 1 (Oriental China, Austria, Azores, Belgium, Bosnia & Harzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kaliningrad, Latvia, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Lithuania, Madeira, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia, Canada, U.S.A.).............................................................................. P . ( Pe .) sordens (Wulp, 1874) - AR lesser than 1 (India)............................................................ P . ( Pe .) retusum sp. n. 12(10). Antepronotals present; superior volsella with outer seta (Oriental China).................................................................................................. P . ( Pe .) paraconvexum Zhang and Wang, 2005 - Antepronotals absent; superior volsella without outer seta (India)............... P . ( Pe .) kuluensis Kulshrestha, 1979 13(7). Fore tibial scale pointed............................................................................ 14 - Fore tibial scale rounded............................................................................ 22 14(13). LR 1 less than 2.0.................................................................................. 15 - LR 1 more than 2.0................................................................................. 19 15(14). Outer seta on superior volsella absent (Japan).................. P . ( Pe .) furudosecundum (Sasa and Arakawa, 1994) - Outer setae on superior volsella present................................................................ 16 16(15). AR more than 1.0; TIX with less than 20 median setae.................................................... 17 - AR less than 1.0; TIX with more than 20 median setae (Oriental China).... P . ( Pe .) fanjingense Zhang and Wang, 2005 17(16). Abdomen banded................................................................................. 18 - Abdomen uniform (Bhutan, Oriental China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Palau, and Micronesia).......................................................................................... P . ( Pe .) convexum (Johannsen, 1932) 18(17). Anal point without transverse band (Oriental China).......................... P . ( Pe .) tigrinum (Hashimoto, 1983) - Anal point with transverse band (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, India, Lesotho, Madagascar, Na-mibia, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe)................................... P . ( Pe .) anale (Freeman, 1954) 19(14). Abdominal segments banded........................................................................ 20 - Abdominal segments uniform........................................................................ 21 20(19). Squamal setae more than 20; superior volsella with 4 setae at its inner basal margin (Oriental Japan)............................................................................ P . ( Pe .) daitojekeum (Sasa and Suzuki, 2002) - Squamal setae less than 20; superior volsella with more than 4 setae at its inner basal margin (Oriental China and Palaearctic Japan).............................................................. P . ( Pe .) kamosecundum (Sasa, 1989) 21(19). Anal point slender; inferior volsella broadened (Oriental Japan)......... P . ( Pe .) daitokeleum (Sasa and Suzuki, 2002) - Anal point broad; inferior volsella parallel-sided (Australia, Caroline Is., Indonesia, Oriental Japan, Palau and Mariana Is.)................................................................................................................................................................. P . ( Pe .) nodosum (Johannsen, 1932) 22(13). Wing vein R2+3 adjacent to R1 (Oriental China)............................ P . ( Pe .) tenuis Zhang and Wang, 2005 - Wing vein R2+3 separated from R1.................................................................... 23 23(22). Fore tibial spur present (Oriental China, Japan, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Ireland, The Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Canada, and U.S.A.).............................. P . ( Pe .) tritum (Walker, 1856) - Fore tibial spur absent.............................................................................. 24 24(23). Anal tergite band strong (Oriental Japan, India, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Greenland, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, Canada, and U.S.A.).................................. P. (P e.) uncinatum (Goetghebuer, 1921) - Anal tergite band weak (Sri Lanka)............................ P . ( Pe .) tissamaharense Oyewo and Saether, 2008 25(3). Superior volsella with secondary apical projection....................................................... 26 - Superior volsella without secondary apical projection..................................................... 28 26(25). R4+5> 40 setae; anal tergite band absent; superior volsella sickle-shaped (Oriental China)............................................................................... P . ( T .) falcatum Zhang, Song, Wang and Wang, 2015 - R 4+5 <40 setae; anal tergite band present; superior volsella not like above..................................... 27 27(26). Superior volsella less than 4 basal setae; anal point without median furrow (Oriental China)................................................................................... P . ( T .) nudiprostatum Zhang and Wang, 2007 - Superior volsella more than 4 basal setae; anal point with median furrow (Oriental China).............................................................................. P . ( T. ) procerum Zhang, Song, Wang and Wang, 2015 28(25). AR less than 1.0.................................................................................. 29 - AR more than 1.0................................................................................. 52 29(28). Inferior volsella broadened.......................................................................... 30 - Inferior volsella parallel-sided....................................................................... 33 30(29). R 4+5 more than 40 setae (Oriental China)................... P . ( T .) mengmanense Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 - R4+5 less than 40 setae.............................................................................. 31 31(30). Anal point reduced without median furrow (Oriental China, and India)............................................................................................. P . ( T .) conghuaense Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 - Anal point not reduced with median furrow............................................................. 32 32(31). Superior volsella not broad at base (Oriental China).............. P . ( T .) pollicium Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 - Superior volsella broad at base (Oriental China)................. P . ( T .) trapezium Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 33(29). Leg with dark brown bands......................................................................... 34 - Leg uniform..................................................................................... 37 34(33). Thorax with dark patches (Oriental China).................... P . ( T .) parallelum Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 - Thorax light..................................................................................... 35 35(34). Scutellars arranged in rows (Oriental China)...................... P . ( T .) cypellum Qi, Shi, Zhang and Wang, 2014 - Scutellars irregular................................................................................ 36 36(35). Superior volsella with more than 4 basal setae at its inner margin (Oriental China, and UAE).................................................................................... P . ( T .) harteni Andersen and Mendes, 2010 - Superior volsella with less than 4 basal setae at its inner margin (Indonesia)................................................................................................ P . ( T .) tobaundecima Kikuchi and Sasa, 1990 37(33). Abdominal segment with bands (India, and China)........... P . ( T .) lineatum Chaudhuri, Guha and Dasgupta, 1981 - Abdominal segment uniform........................................................................ 38 38(37). R 2+3 adjacent to R 1................................................................................. 39 - R 2+3 relatively separated from R 1...................................................................... 40 39(38). Superior volsella not digitiform (India, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, South Africa, and Zimbabwe)................................................................................... P . ( T .) pruina Freeman, 1954 - Superior volsella not digitiform.......................................... P . ( T .) unifascium (Tokunaga, 1938) 40(38). Eyes with dorsomedial extension; anal point broad (India)... P . ( T .) albipalpum Chaudhuri, Guha and Dasgupta, 1981 - Eyes without dorsomedial extension; anal point slender................................................... 41 41 (40). Anal point without lateral lobe....................................................................... 42 - Anal point with lateral lobe......................................................................... 44 42(41). Anal tergite band strong (Oriental China).................. P . ( T .) absensilobum Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 - Anal tergite band weak............................................................................. 43 43(42). Anal point without median furrow (Oriental China).......................... P . ( T .) udominutum Niitsuma, 1992 - Anal point with median furrow (Oriental China)............ P . ( T .) apiculusetosum Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 44(41). Setae at its inner margin of gonostylus short............................................................ 45 - Setae at its inner margin of gonostylus extremely long.................................................... 47 45(44). Gonostylus with more than 4 setae at its inner margin..................................................... 46 - Gonostylus with less than 4 setae at its inner margin (Oriental China)................................................................................................. P . ( T .) bispinum Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 46(45). Strenapodeme square shaped (Oriental China)................... P . ( T .) arcuatum Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 - Sternapodeme rounded (Oriental China)....... P . ( T .) jianfengense Yan, Song, Liu, Zhao, Hou, Cao and Wang, 2017 47(44). Superior volsella bare.............................................................................. 48 - Superior volsella setose (Oriental Japan)........... P . ( T .) nudigracile Yamamoto, Yamamoto and Hirowatari, 2016 48(47). Superior volsella with more than 4 setae at its base....................................................... 49 - Superior volsella with less than 4 setae at its base (Oriental China)..................................................................................... P . ( T .) enshiense Yan, Song, Liu, Zhao, Hou, Cao and Wang, 2017 49(48). Anal point spatulate............................................................................... 50 - Anal point not spatulate............................................................................ 51 50(49). Thorax with dark patches (Oriental China).................. P . ( T .) napahaiense Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 - Thorax pale having no patches (Oriental China)................... P . ( T .) dengae Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 51(49). Inferior volsella with more than 6 apical setae (Oriental Japan)......... P . ( T .) miyakoense Hasegawa and Sasa, 1987 - Inferior volsella with less than 6 apical setae (Oriental China)...... P . ( T .) bilamella Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 52(28). Eyes without dorsomedial extension.................................................................. 53 - Eyes with dorsomedial extension..................................................................... 61 53(52). Squama with more than 20 setae (Japan)............................. P . ( T .) tananense Sasa and Hasegawa, 1988 - Squama with less than 20 setae...................................................................... 54 54(53). Frontal tubercle present (India)........................ P . ( T .) tripunctum Chaudhuri, Guha and Dasgupta, 1981 - Frontal tubercle absent............................................................................. 55 55(54). Anal tergite band weak (Oriental China and Palaearctic Japan)................... P . ( T .) masudai (Tokunaga, 1938) - Anal tergite band strong............................................................................ 56 56(55). Anal point broad (Oriental China)..................................... P . ( T .) spathum Zhang and Wang, 2007 - Anal point slender................................................................................. 57 57(56). Superior volsella with broad base..................................................................... 58 - Superior volsella without broad base.................................................................. 59 58(57). Scutellars arranged in a row; inferior volsella bilobed (China, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, United Kingdom, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Russia, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Spain, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, The Netherlands, Democratic Republic of Korea, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Canada, and U.S.A.).................................................................................... P . ( T .) scalaneum (Schrank, 1803) - Scutellars not arranged in a row; inferior volsella simple (India, Pakistan, South Africa, Cameroon, and Democratic Republic of Congo)........................................................... P . ( T .) annulatipes (Kieffer, 1910) 59(57). Superior volsella with bare base (Indonesia and Thailand)....................... P . ( T .) vectum (Johannsen, 1932) - Superior volsella setose at base...................................................................... 60 60(59). Anal point spatulate; inferior volsella parallel-sided (Indonesia)........... P . ( T .) decematoguttatum (Tokunaga, 1938) - Anal point not spatulate; inferior volsella sub-apically broadened (Oriental Japan).............................................................................................. P . ( T .) tokaraijeum Sasa and Suzuki, 1995 61(52). Thorax with few dark patches (Indonesia)................................... P . ( T .) centralis (Johannsen, 1932) : Published as part of Mukherjee, Tuhar, Mukherjee, Bindarika & Hazra, Niladri, 2020, Revision of the Oriental species of Polypedilum Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) with their phylogenetic relationship, pp. 31-69 in Zootaxa 4820 (1) on pages 52-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4397253 : {"references": ["Kieffer, J. J. (1913) Nouveaux Chironomides (Tendipedides) d'Allemagne. Bulletin de la Societe d'histoire naturelle de Metz, 28, 7 - 35.", "Townes, H. K. (1945) The Nearctic species of Tendipedini [Diptera, Tendipedide (= Chironomidae)]. The American Midland Naturalist, 34, 1 - 206.", "Oyewo, E. A. & Saether, O. A. (1998) Revision of Afrotropical Polypedilum Kieffer subgenus Uresipedilum Sasa et Kikuchi, 1995 (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a review of the subgenus. Annales of Limnology, 34, 315 - 362. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1998028", "Saether, O. A. & Sundal, A. 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