Kukulcania hibernalis Hentz 1842

• Main Authors: Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Ramírez, Martín J.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2019
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Arthropoda; Arachnida; Araneae; Filistatidae; Kukulcania; Kukulcania hibernalis; Galapagos; Greenland; Argentino; Argentina; Alabama; Moreno; Marcos; Chaco; Pereyra; Fernandez; Weaver; Larga; Bertrand; Roca; Ramirez; San Miguel; San Fernando; Saavedra; Toth; Varela; Entre Ríos; Escobar; Blackwall; Obligado; Aguilera; Avellaneda; Warnes; Balcarce; Daguerre; Sarandí; Patricios; Sáenz Peña
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4428999; https://zenodo.org/record/4428999

Kukulcania hibernalis (Hentz, 1842) Figures 1 A–E, 3 A, 6 A–B, 7 A, 10–11, 18–21, 26, 32–36 Filistata hibernalis Hentz, 1842: 227, plate 8, fig. 9a–b. Syntype males and females from "South Carolina on the sea-coast, North Alabama on the banks of the Tennessee," presumably lost (Levi, 1971), not examined. Keyserling, 1879: 348; F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899: 47, plate 3, fig. 8; Banks, 1909: 156; Petrunkevitch, 1911: 115; Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935: plate 4, figs. 28–30; Mello- Leitão, 1943: 153; Alayón, 1972: 5, f. I–III, plates I–II. Filistata capitata Hentz, 1842: 228, plate 8, fig. 7. Holotype male from Georgia, presumably lost (Levi, 1971), not examined. Keyserling, 1879: 347, plate IV, fig. 33; Simon, 1893: 257, figs. 212–219. First synonymized by Petrunkevitch (1911): 115. Teratodes depressus C. L. Koch, 1842: 103, fig. 755. Syntype males from South America (ZMB), examined. First synonymized with F. capitata by Keyserling (1879). Filistata cubaecola Lucas, 1857: 26, plate IV, fig. 2. Female syntypes from Cuba: Habana and Santo Domingo, presumably deposited in the MNHN but lost (Levi, 1971), not examined. First synonymized by Banks, 1909. Filistata distincta Blackwall, 1867: 202. Male and two immature female syntypes from Jamaica, presumably deposited in the HDEO but lost (Levi, 1971), not examined. First synonymized by F.O. Pickard-Cambridge (1899). Mygale muritelaria Holmberg, 1876: 7. Female syntypes from Argentina, lost. First synonymized by Mello-Leitão (1943). Kukulcania hibernalis : Lehtinen, 1967: 242, fig. 19; Gray, 1995: 83, figs. 18, 24; Ramírez and Grismado, 1997: 348, figs. 1, 4, 7, 107–111; Griswold et al., 2005: 27, figs. 166D, 167D; Brescovit and Santos, 2013: 311, figs. 1D–F, 2D–F, 3B; Brescovit, Sánchez-Ruiz and Alayón, 2016: 429. Filistata isolinae Alayón, 1972: 7, plates III–IV. Immature lectotype and paralectotype, designated by Alayón (1975), from Cuba, Santo Antonio de los Baños, deposited in MNHNCu, not examined. First synonymized by Brescovit et al., 2016. Kukulkania isolinae: Alayón, 1975: 2 . EXAMINED TYPE MATERIAL: SYNTYPES OF TERATODES DEPRESSUS : Two pinned males with uncertain locality, possibly South America ("Ungewiss, wahrscheinlich Südamerika"), (ZMB_ Araneae _S00018), examined through photographs (fig. 34). One of the labels associated with the specimens is handwritten and somewhat illegible, but reads something similar to "La Guajira" (fig. 34C), a peninsula in northern South America which is one of the localities from where this species has been recorded (see fig. 3). REMARKS: Hentz (1842) described this species under two different names in the same contribution. His types are presumed to be lost: in 1971, Herbert W. Levi compiled a list of type repositories of classical authors and stated that these types were deposited in the Boston Science Museum, but eaten up by beetles. However, Hentz's original illustrations and localities leave no doubt about the identity of this species, since this is the only Kukulcania occurring in the eastern United States. F.O. Pickard-Cambridge (1899) synonymized F. distincta with F. hibernalis with some reservations and was followed by subsequent authors. He was also the first to suggest that F. hibernalis and F. capitata might be the same species; Petrunkevitch (1911) formally synonymized the two names. We have not been able to examine the types of F. cubaecola, F. distincta, M. muritelaria (all of them presumed to be lost; Levi, 1971) and F. isolinae to confirm the synonymies . However, their original descriptions indicate their generic placement is correct and they all come from areas where K. hibernalis is the only species known to occur. Thus, we have no reason to doubt the synonymies. Lehtinen's illustration (1967: fig. 19) depicts a palp with a thin embolus that more closely resembles K. arizonica than K. hibernalis . We have not reexamined the material used by him to erect the genus. This species has been figured several times in faunistic lists and phylogenetic/morphological studies; not all of these have been referred to in the synonymic list above, and anyone interested in a more exhaustive reference list should see the WSC (2018). DIAGNOSIS: Males are distinguished by the unusually long and slender palps, with the tibia around 10× longer than high (fig. 33A), and the broad embolus with a single coil and conspicuous keel (fig. 33B); they also have fewer macrosetae on the first legs (fig. 32C) compared to similar species (e.g., K. arizonica ). Females differ from other species with sclerotized bars in having the membranous portion of the spermathecae apex subtriangular, often pointing slightly inward, by the semicircular glandular portion of the spermathecae apex, and by the robust, almost straight or only slightly curved sclerotized bars (figs. 7A, 36). They are also usually larger and more lightly colored than similar species (e.g., K. arizonica , K. utahana ) and lack the fringe of long setae on the sternum and first pairs of legs. DESCRIPTION: Male from Lexington, South Carolina (AMNH IFM-1652). Coloration yellowish orange. Carapace sparsely stippled with light brown, with brown coloration on median area. Abdomen dorsum brownish gray. Clypeus short. Sternum oval, with two pairs of sigillae. Total length 9.64. Carapace length 4.49, width 3.71, clypeus length 0.42. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.25; PME 0.29; ALE 0.32; PLE 0.28; AME–AME 0.08; PME–PME 0.3. Sternum length 2.13, width 1.98. Palp: femur length 5.44, height 0.54; tibia length 4.98, height 0.45. Leg I: femur (fe) 9.11; patella (pa) 2.09; tibia (ti) 9.34; metatarsus (mt) 9.43; tarsus (ta) 4.86. II: fe 7.25; pa 1.83; ti 6.5; mt 7.03; ta 3.38. III: fe 6.37; pa 1.63; ti 5.45; mt 6.53; ta 4.22. IV: fe 8.1; pa 1.7; ti 7.57; mt 8.78; ta 4.7. Abdomen: length 5.35, width 2.91. Palp macrosetae long, in several rows along femur ventral and dorsal faces. Leg macrosetae: fe I 8d, 10p, 20v, 11r, the ventral ones very short; ti I 8p, 9v, 1r; mt I 32p, 19v, 1r; ta I 18v; fe II 6d, 5p, 9v, 6r; ti II 1d, 2p, 7v, 1r; mt II 6p, 10v, 3r; ta II 10v; fe III 10d, 4p, 8v, 3r; ti III 2d, 2p, 5v, 3r; mt III 2d, 7p, 14v, 4r; ta III 21v; fe IV 13d, 2p, 20v, 8r; ti IV 1d, 2p, 4v, 3r; mt IV 2p, 16v, 4r; ta IV 22v. Palp: cymbium long, about 3× as long as high, with anterior border bearing a ring of setae that ends close to the embolus; bulb short, robust; sperm duct with four tightly packed coils; embolus with a single coil, broad, spatulate, with a conspicuous keel. State of the specimen: good, both palps dissected, left leg I and both legs IV disarticulated from tibia. Female from Mobile, Alabama (USNM). Coloration orange brown. Abdomen dorsum brownish gray. Anterior margin of the carapace unmodified. Sternum oval, with two pairs of sigillae. Total length 16.85. Carapace length 6.44, width 4.8, clypeus length 0.82. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.24; PME 0.32; ALE 0.35; PLE 0.38; AME–AME 0.06; PME–PME 0.377. Sternum length 2.97, width 2.8. Palp: femur length 3.49, height 1.18; tibia length 2.05, height 1.05. Leg I: femur (fe) 7.31; patella (pa) 2.42; tibia (ti) 7.01; metatarsus (mt) 6.25; tarsus (ta) 3.32. II: fe 5.77; pa 2.25; ti 5.08; mt 4.9; ta 2.73. III: fe 5.03; pa 1.9; ti 3.87; mt 4.27; ta 2.24. IV: fe 6.46; pa 2.39; ti 6.19; mt 5.61; ta 2.82. Abdomen: length 11.07, width 8.6. Palp macrosetae on ventral surface of tibia and tarsus. Leg macrosetae present on ventral surfaces of tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi; all femora with 5–10 dorsal macrosetae. Calamistrum with three rows with 9–11 setae each. Interpulmonary fold large, rounded, covering the spermathecae dorsally. Sclerotized lateral bars present, subtriangular, widest anteriorly, parallel to each other; membranous portion of the spermathecae apex subtriangular, slightly pointing inward; glandular portion of the spermathecae semicircular, with glandular pores with long ducts hanging from them. State of the specimen: regular, soft tissues not well preserved, left legs III and IV missing from tibia, genitalia dissected. INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION: Males ( N = 5): total length 8.67–11.31 (10), carapace length 3.81–4.75 (4.36), femur I length 7.78–9.93 (8.68), tibia I length 8–10.38 (8.99), femur/carapace ratio 1.84–2.11 (1.99). Females ( N = 5): total length 10.36–17.95 (15.86), carapace length 4.09–7.2 (6.16), femur I length 4.47–8.67 (6.98), tibia I length 6.61–8.28 (7.27), femur/carapace ratio 1.04–1.2 (1.13). Female spermathecae are typically similar to those in figure 36A–B, although variants exist (fig. 36C–D). NATURAL HISTORY: This species is synanthropic in most of its range, often found in association with buildings; it is among the most common species in Argentinian towns. Accordingly, most specimens whose labels state the collection site refer to a synanthropic setting (garages, basements, walls, houses, etc.). A female has been collected from primary tropical rainforest in Rupununi, Guyana, and another from rock outcrops in Chiapas, Mexico. Females and immatures weave irregular cribellate webs in cracks, crevices, and corners or under bark. The dry side of trunks of old, large trees may be covered by webs of dozens of individuals. The courtship, mating and egg-sac construction behaviors have been described by Barrantes and Ramírez (2013). Curtis and Carrell (1999) observed extended maternal care, cooperative prey capture and communal feeding by spiderlings of this species; Barrantes and Ramírez (2013) add that sometimes young will feed on prey items captured by their mother. Deyrup et al. (1988) found that K. hibernalis is preyed upon by the wasp Allochares azureus (Pompilidae), which appears to be a Kukulcania specialist. The web structure and spinning behavior have been briefly discussed by Lopardo and Ramírez (2007). Despite being an introduced species, at least in Argentina it often cooccurs with native prithine filistatids, suggesting that they do not displace autochthonous species. DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in the New World (fig. 3A), ocurring from Virginia to Texas in the United States; around the Gulf of Mexico; the Antilles, Central America, and northern South America; eastern and southern Brazil and Bolivia; most of Paraguay and Argentina. Four records based on a single male each from California, Illinois, and New York (United States) and Nayarit (Mexico) are well outside the core distribution of the species and might be incidental introductions, but have been included on the map nonetheless. It is hard to speculate the original distribution of K. hibernalis , although it is most probably native to the eastern United States and the Gulf of Mexico coast. The species was almost surely introduced into southern South America, as well as into the Old World (Liberia). At first we thought the records from Liberia were mislabeled specimens, but they were recorded in two localities (Monrovia and Cape Palmas) and S.L. Zonstein (in litt.) also recorded this species from that country, providing evidence that there is a true established population in Africa. Collecting dates suggest the species had already attained a wide distribution by the early 1900s: there are century-old records from Liberia (1895, USNM), Paraguay (1902, ZMB), Argentina (1906, MACN-Ar), Suriname (1908, ZMB), Panamá (1913, MCZ) and Brazil (1919, AMNH). The record from Chile by Taucare-Ríos (2010) is a misidentified Kukulcania santosi (see below). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED: ARGENTINA . Buenos Aires: Almirante Brown, Adrogué (S34.80344°, W58.39023°), Pujals, i.1972, 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20743); Burzaco, Ferrocarril Central General Roca (S34.82936°, W58.39088°), 2♂ 2♀ (MACN-Ar 20664); 1938, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20641); Avellaneda, Sarandí (S34.6799°, W58.33396°), D. Grismado, 20.i.2003, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20610); Bahía Blanca (S 38.71862°, W62.2691°), B.S. Gerschman de Pikelin and R.D. Schiapelli, iv.1939, 2♂ 1♀ (MACN- Ar 20629); Balcarce, Sierra Larga (S37.88158°, W58.5846°), C. Wappers, ii.1948, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 2569); Campana, Estación Río Luján (S34.278°, W58.89017°), C.J. Grismado, 9.vi.2007, 2 imm. (MACN-Ar 12635); Chascomús (S35.58199°, W58.01452°), 18.x.1947, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20623); Escobar, Escobar (S34.34566°, W58.80609°), P. Paupy, iv.2009, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20658); Florencio Varela, Florencio Varela, Ferrocarril General Roca (S34.81124°, W58.27725°), F. Monrós, xii.1939, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20674); General Pueyrredón, Chapadmalal (S38.20606°, W57.69701°), S. Ibrahim, i.1948, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20697); La Plata [S34.9205°, W57.95357°], L.A. Pereira, xi.1987, 1 imm. (USNM); Isla Martín García (S34.18256°, W58.25135°), J.M. Viana, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 584); iv.1938, 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 412); Merlo, Pontevedra (S34.75061°, W58.70188°), R. Maniglia, ii.1947, 1♂ 17♀ (MACN- Ar 20595); Moreno (S34.64969°, W58.78741°), J. Pereyra, 21.xii.1953, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 3730); R.D. Schiapelli, iii.1947, 2 imm. (MACN-Ar 2350); Pilar, Zelaya (S34.37205°, W58.87625°), C.B. Pereyra, ii.1938, 2♂ 1♀ (MACN-Ar 516); H. Hepper, ii.1938, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 518); Pereyra, v.1938, 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 447); San Fernando (S34.45668°, W58.5622°), J.B. Daguerre, 3♀ 4 imm. (MACN-Ar 20653); 1954, 1♂ 4♀ (MACN-Ar 20608); San Miguel, Bella Vista (S34.57621°, W58.69846°), J. M. Gallardo, i.1964, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20725); San Pedro, San Pedro (S33.6821°, W59.66089°), 2♀ (MACN-Ar 20721); Vuelta de Obligado (S33.59705°, W59.81573°), Cesari and Toth, vi.1974, 3♀ 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20656); Vuelta de Obligado, Caverna La Salamanca (S34.55485°, W58.46133°), C. Cesari, 30.vii.1972, 3♀ 2 imm. (MACN-Ar 20680); Tres de Febrero, Caseros (S34.61023°, W58.5673°), 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20638), 6♀ (MACN-Ar 20639); x.1947, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20637); 14.xii.1946, 6♀ 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20636); 31.i.1947, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20594); W. Partridge, xii.1940, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20631); Vicente López, Florida (S34.53276°, W58.49148°), C. Cimini, v.2005, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20592). C.A. Buenos Aires: (S36.41299°, W60.40202°), 11.x.1946, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20605); A. Bachmann, xi.1947, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20607); B.S. Gerschman de Pikelin, viii.1940, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20747); C. Kopuchian, 30.xii.2008, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20660); Rivas, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20719); Rodríguez and Goñi, 1♂ 3♀ (MACN-Ar 20713); (S34.61562°, W58.433°), Grecco, ii.1948, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20699); J. Arias Obarrio, vii.1963, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20630); J.M. Gallardo, ii.1958, 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20627); 5.ix.1946, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20613); J.M. Viana, ii.1945, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20615); L.N. Piacentini, 17.xii.2008, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20593); M.J. Ramírez, ii.2000, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20611); 11.x.2007, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20589) [S34.60372°, W58.38159°], H. Wollfhugel, 1913, 1 imm. (ZMB); Rengel G., 1913, 3♂ 3♀ 1 imm. (ZMB 487) (S34.61562°, W58.433°), 1944, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20723); x.1953, 1♂ 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20622); 15.i.1906, 1♂ 3 imm. (MACN- Ar 20763); A.G. Frers, 8.viii.1917, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20681); Carpintero, ii.1950, 1♂ 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20773); E. Masoia, 17.xi.1962, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20711); F. Monrós, iv.1940, 1♀ 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20753); J. Brèthes, 24.iii.1912, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20759); J.A. de Carlo, ii.1964, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20727); J.B. Daguerre, 1931, 1♀ 2 imm. (MACN-Ar 20751); Lafuente, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20764); M. Benedictto and L. Damer, iv.1948, 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20715); M. Greaven, 28.i.1948, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20694); M.J. Ramírez, 25.x.1999, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20600); Pirán, v.1963, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20739); Pujals, xii.1967, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20734); R.J. Rodríguez, 1♀ 3 imm. (MACN-Ar 20651); S. Ibrahim, ii.1948, 2 imm. (MACN-Ar 20735); (S34.61765°, W58.43327°), R. Rivas, xii.1942, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 1245); A. Bachmann, 11.xi.1952, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 9412); B.S. Gerschman de Pikelin, xii.1950, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 3298); Belinzoni, xii.1961, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 5450); E. Massoia, 16.x.1961, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 5142); F. Monrós, 1944, 2♀ (MACN-Ar 2100); J. Rimer, 15.iv.1952, 2 imm. (MACN-Ar 3681); Pallochi, viii.1953, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 3731); Avenida Warnes 42 (S34.60417°, W58.43797°), M.J. Ramírez, 15.ii.2009, 1♂ (MACN- Ar 20596); Delta del Río Paraná, Río Luján [S34.39699°, W58.60326°], F. Monrós, ix.1940, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20700); Flores (S34.63533°, W58.45762°), Massoia, 20.xii.1962, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20731); Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (S34.60541°, W58.4378°), several dates and collectors, (MACN-Ar 20588, 20599, 20649, 20590, 32732, 32731, 20668, 20584, 20625, 20736, 20586, 20598, 20587, 20591, 10441); Parque Patricios (S34.63788°, W58.40158°), Carpintero, x.1948, 1♂ 3♀ 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20688); Saavedra (S34.55448°, W58.48931°), F. Castillo, ii.1935, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20726); iii.1938, 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20717); xi.1935, 1♂ 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20609); xii.1935, 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20704); xii.1937, 1♂ 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20718); Villa Lugano (S34.67481°, W58.47606°), R.J. Rodríguez, 13♀ 7 imm. (MACN-Ar 20706). Catamarca: Santa Rosa, Manantiales (S28.14394°, W65.49743°), Após- tol and Tonima, i.1961, 2♂ 2♀ 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20740); Tinogasta, Tinogasta (S28.06339°, W67.56401°), J.A. Cranwell, 1947, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 2830). Chaco: [S26.79081°, W60.43642°], 1♂ 1♀ 1 imm. (MNRJ 2130); Bermejo, Río de Oro (S26.87536°, W58.79772°), Apóstol and Tonima, xi.1961, 3♂ 3♀ 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 5159); Comandante Fernandez, Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña (S26.79081°, W60.43642°), F. Ohneiser, ix.1922, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20602); ix.1932, 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20716); Doce de Octubre, General Pinedo (S27.32563°, W61.2826°), A. Giai and J.A. Cranwell, x.1946, 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 1705); O. Casal, 17. vii.1952, 2 imm. (MACN-Ar 3761); Resistencia, Resistencia (S27.45879°, W58.98746°), Freiberg, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20671); x.1943, 2♀ (MACN-Ar 20754); 27.x.1943, 1♂ 3♀ 4 imm. (MACN-Ar 20733); G. Aguilera, xii.1971, 3♀ (MACN-Ar 9411). Córdoba: Calamuchita, Villa Cañada del Sauce (S32.36717°, W64.6392°), J.M. Viana, xii.1941, 1 imm. (MACN- Ar 20710); Marcos Juárez, Leones (S32.65895°, W62.30067°), ii.1946, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20634); 23. xii.1945, 2 imm. (MACN-Ar 20624); 28.i.1946, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20628); A. Partridge, 11.x.1946, 2♀ (MACN-Ar 20603); W. Partridge, i.1966, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20597); 11.x.1946, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20604); Punilla, Villa Carlos Paz (S31.41657°, W64.50737°), C. Merti, v.1940, 2 imm. (MACN-Ar 20729). Corrientes: Guía del Peregrino, Estancia El Socorro, W. Partridge, 1963, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20619); Mburucuyá, Manantiales (S27.92237°, W58.10148°), Apóstol and Tonima, i.1961, 1♀ 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 5198); Paso de los Libres, Paso de los Libres (S29.71486°, W57.09436°), Bejarano, ii.1971, 5 imm. (MACN-Ar 20755); ii.1974, 1♂ 1♀ (MACN-Ar 9413); iii.1972, 3 imm. (MACN-Ar 20618); vii.1974, 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20626); Paso de los Libres, Barrio Oficiales, Casa 16 (S29.7297°, W57.10274°), 11. viii.1968, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 20686); San Cosme, Paso de la Patria (S27.31804°, W58.57091°), M.E. Galiano, 28.viii.1963, 1♀ 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20616); San Roque, Santiago Alcorta (S28.78858°, W58.70078°), M. Birabén, vi.1943, 1♂ 17 imm. (MACN-Ar 20687). Entre Ríos: Concordia, Concordia (S31.38107°, W58.01981°), J.B. Daguerre, 1931, 2♀ (MACN-Ar 20606); Federal, Federal (S30.95013°, W58.78562°), 21.ii.1931, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20762); Islas del Ibicuy, Delta del Río Paraná, Arroyo Ibicuycito (S33.84236°, W58.89506°), F. Castillo, iv.1939, 1 imm. (MACN-Ar 20724); Paraná, Paraná (S31.74034°, W60.52213°), R.J. José, iii.1971, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 20745). Formosa: (S24.79716°, W60.28449°), Rios, 1♂ 1♀ 2 imm. (MACN-Ar 2379); [S26.18578°, W58.17557°], P. Jorgensen, ii.1918, 1♀ (MCZ 40969), 1♀ (MCZ 40967), 3♀ 1 imm. (MCZ 40966); iii.1918, 5♀ 4 imm. (MCZ 40964); : Published as part of Magalhaes, Ivan L. F. & Ramírez, Martín J., 2019, The Crevice Weaver Spider Genus Kukulcania (Araneae: Filistatidae), pp. 1-153 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 426 on pages 44-52, DOI: 10.1206/00030090-426.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3259018 : {"references": ["Hentz, N. M. 1842. Descriptions and figures of the Araneides of the United States. 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