Punctoribates astrachanicus Shaldybina 1973
Punctoribates astrachanicus Shaldybina, 1973 Punctoribates astrachanicus : Krivolutsky and Lebedeva 2004. Semipunctoribates astrachanicus : Mahunka1987, Andrievskij et al . 2002, Subías 2004, Smelyansky 2006, Bayartogtokh 2010. Punctoribates ( Semipunctoribates ) astrachanicus : Subías 2012. Diagnos...
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Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408930 https://zenodo.org/record/4408930 |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Sarcoptiformes Punctoribatidae Punctoribates Punctoribates astrachanicus |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Sarcoptiformes Punctoribatidae Punctoribates Punctoribates astrachanicus Seniczak, Stanisław Ivan, Otilia Marquardt, Tomasz Seniczak, Anna Punctoribates astrachanicus Shaldybina 1973 |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Sarcoptiformes Punctoribatidae Punctoribates Punctoribates astrachanicus |
description |
Punctoribates astrachanicus Shaldybina, 1973 Punctoribates astrachanicus : Krivolutsky and Lebedeva 2004. Semipunctoribates astrachanicus : Mahunka1987, Andrievskij et al . 2002, Subías 2004, Smelyansky 2006, Bayartogtokh 2010. Punctoribates ( Semipunctoribates ) astrachanicus : Subías 2012. Diagnosis Adult of medium size (415–488), with characters of Punctoribates . Bothridial seta fusiform, anterior tectum of notogaster straight. Most notogastral setae alveolar, except for short p -series. Four pairs of saccules present. Aggenital, adanal and anal setae short. Trochanter IV and femur IV with transverse folds, tarsus I with dorsal projection. Juveniles light brown, prodorsal seta ex short and thin, humeral organ relatively large, especially in nymphs. Gastronotal setae of larva of medium size and pointed, in nymphs short. Morphology of adult Adults (Figs. 1–5a, 5b) similar to those investigated by Shaldybina (1973), but see Remarks. Mean length (and range) of females 458.9±12.8 (440–488, n= 19) and males 432.5±10.4 (415–446, n= 11), mean width (and range) of females 327.8±11.2 (307–343) and males 303.2±7.2 (295–319). Pedotectum I strongly convex dorsally (Fig. 3a). Hypostomal setae h , m and a short and smooth, m slightly longer than other setae (Fig. 2). Cheliceral seta cha longer and thicker than chb , both barbed (Fig. 3b). Most palp setae relatively long, sup , inf and l” on tibia finely barbed, other setae smooth (Fig. 3c), formula of palp setae 0-2-1-3-9(1). Trochanters III and IV and all femora flattened, trochanter IV and femur IV with transverse folds, tibiae II–VI and tarsus I with dorsal projections (Fig. 4). Formulae of leg setae [trochanter to tarsus (+ solenidia)]: I – 1-5-3(1)-4(2)-20(2); II – 1-5-3(1)-4(1)-15(2); III – 2-3-1(1)-3(1)-15; IV – 1-2-2-3(1)-12. Leg tarsi heterotridactylous. Remarks . The adults investigated herein are wider, and slightly longer than those investigated by Shaldybina (1973; length 430–473, width 258–301, sex not investigated). In our individuals, the epimeral setae 1b , 1c and 4a are slightly longer than in those studied by Shaldybina (1973; setae 3c and 4c not drawn). Description of juveniles Larva oval in dorsal view (Fig. 6), light brown. Prodorsum subtriangular, prodorsal seta ro long, in and le of medium size (Table 1), all barbed; seta ex short and smooth. Mutual distance between setal pair le about 2.5 times longer than between pair ro , between setal pair in about three times longer than between pair ro , pair le inserted approximately midway between pairs ro and in . Opening of bothridium rounded, bothridial seta clavate, with barbed head. Gastronotum of larva with 12 pairs of setae, including h 3 inserted lateral to medial part of anal valves (Figs. 6, 7a, 8a), most setae of medium size and barbed, except for short and smooth h 3. Pygidial shield absent, all setae inserted on unsclerotized integument, length of setae of d - and l -series slightly increasing from anterior to posterior (Table 1). Cupule ia posterior to seta c 3, cupule im posterior to seta lm , cupule ip between setae h 1 and h 2, cupule ih lateral to anterior part of anal opening. Opisthonotal gland opening posterolateral to seta lm , with dark sclerotized surrounding. Porose humeral organ relatively large, anterior to seta c 3 (Fig. 8a). Paraproctal valves (segment PS) glabrous. Most leg setae barbed, seta ft” relatively long (Fig. 9). Shape and colour of protonymph, prodorsal setae and bothridium as in larva; gastronotum with 15 pairs of setae because p -series added (Fig. 7b), and retained in subsequent nymphs (Figs. 10a, 10b). In protonymph, setae of p -series longer than other posterior setae. In all nymphs, gastronotal shield present, with 10 pairs of setae ( d -, l -, h -series, p 1), setae p 2 and p 3 inserted on unsclerotized integument; all short and smooth. Setae of c -series of medium size and barbed, c 3 longest, c 2 shortest (Table 1). In protonymph, one pair of genital setae appearing on genital valves, two pairs added in deutonymph and tritonymph each (Figs. 7b, 10a, 10b), all short and smooth. In deutonymph, one pair of aggenital setae and three pairs of adanal setae appear, and remained in tritonymph; all short and smooth. In protonymph and deutonymph, anal valves glabrous, in tritonymph two pairs of short and smooth anal setae present. In tritonymph, cupules ia and im as in larva, cupule ip between setae p 1 and p 2, cupule iad lateral to anterior part of anal valves, cupules ips and ih displaced posterolateral and anterolateral to iad , respectively (Figs. 8b, 10b, 11). Humeral organ large, rounded, porose, located posterolateral to seta c 3 (Figs. 5f, 8b), opisthonotal gland opening lateral to seta lp , with dark sclerotized surrounding. Legs of tritonymph stocky (Figs. 5d, 5e, 12), without dorsal projections and setae pv on tarsi with shorter barbs than in adult (Fig. 4). Summary of ontogenetic transformations In the larva, the prodorsal seta ro is longer than setae le and in , whereas in the other instars seta in is longer than ro and le . Seta ex is short in all instars. The bothridium is rounded in all instars, but in the adult it is covered by anterior tectum of notogaster. In all juveniles, the bothridial seta is clavate, with barbed head, whereas in the adult it is fusiform and smooth. The larva has 12 pairs of gastronotal setae, including h 3, the nymphs have 15 pairs ( p -series appears in the protonymph), whereas the notogaster of adult loses five pairs of setae ( c 1, c 3 and d -series), so the 10 pairs of notogastral setae remain. The formula of gastronotal setae in P . astrachanicus is 12-15-15-15-10 (from larva to adult), the formulae of epimeral setae are 3-1-2 (larva, including scaliform 1c ), 3-1-2-1 (protonymph), 3-1-2-2 (deutonymph) and 3-1-3-3 (tritonymph and adult). The formula of genital setae is 1-3-5-6 (protonymph to adult), and formula of aggenital setae is 1-1-1 (deutonymph to adult), and setal formula of segments PS-AN is 03333-0333-022. The ontogeny of leg setae and solenidia of P . astrachanicus is shown in Table 2. Distribution, ecology and biology According to Subías (2020), Punctoribates astrachanicus is known only in South European Russia, but it was also collected in Romania (Ivan 2005). This species prefers steppe habitats (Shaldybina 1973, Andrievskij et al . 2002, Smelyansky 2006), and the upper soil horizon (Smelyansky 2010). Smelyansky (2006) investigated some population characters of this species in steppe habitat in South-East of the European part of Russia, and this species was not abundant, females were more abundant than males (mean sex ratio 1:0.48), and gravid females carried usually three large eggs (Smelyansky 2010). This species was also found in feathers of chaffinch (Krivolutsky & Lebedeva 2004). 1 On one leg can be absent. Note: structures are indicated where they are first added and are present through the rest of ontogeny; pairs of setae in parentheses, dash indicates no additions. In this study, P . astrachanicus was found in two habitats in Mânzăteşti (Romania), with salty soils. In facies with Camphorosma annua , this species was distinctly more abundant (148.6 indiv./ 500cm 3) than in ruderal stand with Lolium perenne and Cynodon dactylon (3.2 indiv./ 500cm 3). In both habitats, the adults dominated the juveniles. In the former habitat, the juveniles comprised 31% of all individuals, whereas in the later habitat they comprised 13% of all individuals. In facies with Camphorosma annua , the stage structure of P . astrachanicus was the following: nine larvae, 27 protonymphs, 136 deutonymphs, 59 tritonymphs and 512 adults (total number from five replicates). In this habitat, the sex ratio (females to males) was 1:0.6, 48% females were gravid, carying 3–7 large eggs (185 x 90), which comprised 40% of the length of females. Comparison of morphology of Punctoribates astrachanicus with congeners and remarks Among Punctoribates adults, the largest species is P . tschernovi Shtanchaeva & Subías, 2014, and smallest species is P . conjunctus (Subías et al ., 1990), and the body length of several species overlaps (Table 3). In most species, the bothridial seta is clavate, whereas in other species it is fusiform. Most species have alveolar notogastral setae, whereas in other species they are short or minute (unknown in some species). In most species, the medial part of anterior tectum of notogaster is straight, whereas in other species is convex or has incision. In most species, adanal and anal setae are short, whereas in few species they are alveolar or in some species are unknown. All these species also differ from one another by the form of octotaxic system and the shape of porose areas (Table 3). 1 between setal pair in 2 also with data of Behan-Pelletier and Eamer (2008). Seniczak and Seniczak (2008) compared the morphological ontogeny of P . punctum , P. hexagonus and P. sellnicki , and the juveniles of P . astrachanicus are most similar to those of P . hexagonus , in having a humeral organ and thin prodorsal seta ex . In the larva of P . hexagonus , most gastronotal setae are of medium size and pointed, and in the nymphs these setae are short, as in P . astrachanicus . However, the larva of P . astrachanicus is stockier than that of P . hexagonus and has the gastronotal seta h 2 barbed, whereas in P. hexagonus it is smooth. The nymphs of P . astrachanicus have relatively shorter seta c 1 and longer seta c 2 than in P. hexagonus , and seta c 2 is barbed, whereas in P. hexagonus it is smooth. By contrast, the larva of P . punctum has the prodorsal seta ex barbed and gastronotal setae blunt, and the nymphs have setae c 1 and c 2 short and smooth, which in P . astrachanicus are barbed. Moreover, a humeral organ of nymphs of P . astrachanicus is larger than in P. hexagonus and P . punctum . The juveniles of P. sellnicki differ from those of P . astrachanicus , P. hexagonus and P . punctum mainly by the absence of humeral organ and longer and thicker gastronotal setae. Generally, the juveniles of species compared differ from one another by specific characters, and no generic character was observed in them, which argue against dividing these species in subgenera, proposed by Subías (2004). The juveniles of P . astrachanicus are also similar to those of other species of Punctoribatidae. For example, the larva of P . astrachanicus is similar to those of Minunthozetes pseudofusiger (Schweizer, 1922) and M . semirufus (C.L. Koch, 1841), except for absence of the pygidial shield, which in other species is present (Seniczak & Seniczak 2018, Seniczak et al . 2018). The nymphs of all species have a large gastronotal shield, with 10 pairs of short setae ( d -, l -, h -series and p 1), but P . astrachanicus has larger humeral organ than other species, located posterolateral to seta c 3, as in P . punctum (Seniczak & Seniczak 2008), whereas in other species it is placed anterior to seta c 3. The juveniles of P . astrachanicus are also similar to those of Zachvatkinibates latilamellatus Bayartogtokh & Aoki, 1998, except for presence of small, sclerotized depressions on the gastronotum, which in the former species are absent. The juveniles of Mycobates sarekensis (Trägårdh, 1910) are more stocky than those of P . astrachanicus , have longer gastronotal setae, and the nymphs have the gastronotal shield divided in two parts by transverse furrow (Seniczak et al . 2015), which in P . astrachanicus is absent. The ontogeny of leg setae and solenidia of P . astrachanicus is similar to that of Z . latilamellatus , except for seta v’ on genua I and II, which in the latter species appears in the tritonymph (Seniczak et al . 2018), and in the former species is delayed to the adult. The ontogeny of leg setae and solenidia of P . astrachanicus differs more from that of M. pseudofusiger and M . semirufus mainly by the appearance of pair l on femora I and II in the deutonymph (versus in the two latter species this pair is delayed to tritonymph), and setae l’ and v’’ on tibia IV in the tritonymph (versus in two latter species they are delayed to adult, Seniczak & Seniczak 2018, Seniczak et al . 2018). The ontogeny of leg setae and solenidia of Mycobates Hull, 1916 differs more from that of P . astrachanicus , and differentiates particular species (Behan-Pelletier et al . 2001, Seniczak et al . 2015). : Published as part of Seniczak, Stanisław, Ivan, Otilia, Marquardt, Tomasz & Seniczak, Anna, 2020, Morphological ontogeny of Punctoribates astrachanicus (Acari: Oribatida Punctoribatidae), and comments on Punctoribates Berlese, pp. 43-61 in Zootaxa 4900 (1) on pages 48-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4900.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4408928 : {"references": ["Shaldybina, E. S. (1973) New species of oribatid mites of the subfamily Minunthozetinae (Oribatei, Mycobatidae) from the ter- ritory of the Soviet Union. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 52 (5), 689 - 699. [in Russian]", "Krivolutsky, D. A. & Lebedeva, N. V. (2004) Oribatid mites (Oribatei, Acariformes) in bird feathers: non-passerines. Acta Zoologica Lithuanica, 14 (1), 26 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13921657.2004.10512570", "Mahunka, S. (1987) A survey of the oribatids of Kiskunsag National Park (Acari: Oribatida). In: Mahunka, S. (Ed.), Fauna of Kiskunsag National Park. Vol. 2. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 346 - 397.", "Andrievskij, V. S., Bayartogtokh, V., Grishina, L. G. & Smelyansky, I. E. (2002) Armored mites of steppe ecosystems in Centra 1 Asia and adjacent territories. In: Khmelev, V. A. (Ed.), Steppes of Inner Asia. Siberian Vranch of Russian Academy of Sci- ences, Novosibirsk, pp. 201 - 296. [in Russian]", "Subias, L. S. (2004, updated in 2012, 2020) Listado sistematico, sinonimico y biogeografico de los Acaros Oribatidos (Acari- formes, Oribatida) del mundo (1758 \u203e 2002). Graellsia, 60 (numero extraordinario), 3 \u203e 305. [15 \u00aa actualizacion, 527 pp., accessed August 2020] https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / graellsia. 2004. v 60. iextra. 218", "Smelyansky, I. E. (2006) Some population characteristics of oribatid mites in steppe habitats. Acarina, 14 (1), 123 - 130.", "Bayartogtokh, B. (2010) Oribatid mites of Mongolia (Acari: Oribatida). Russian Academy of Sciences, KMK Scientific Press Ltd. Moscow, 400 pp.", "Ivan, O. (2005) Taxonomic and coenotic diversity of the oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) from some lawn ecosystems of the Prut riverside in the bio-edaphic conditions modified by the embankment and draining measures. Proceedings of the X-th Symposium of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Corson, Iasi, 2005, pp. 475 - 482. [in Romanian]", "Smelyansky, I. E. (2010) Structure of oribatid mite (Acariformes, Oribatida) assemblages along a vertical soil gradient in the steppe habitats of the Trans-Volga Region (Samara Province, Russia). Euroasian Entomological Journal, 9 (2), 206 - 222.", "Shtanchaeva, U. Ya. & Subias, L. S. (2014) A new species of oribatid mite, Punctoribates tschernov i sp. n. (Acariformes, Oribatida, Punctoribatidae), in Azerbaijan. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 93 (1), 145 - 146. [in Russian]", "Subias, L. S., Kahwash, M. A. M. & Ruiz, E. (1990) Un nuevo genero y tres nuevas especies de Ceratozetoideos del Sur de Es- pana (Acari, Oribatida, Ceratozetoidea). Boletin de la Asociacion Espanola de Entomologia, 14, 105 \u203e 113.", "Bayartogtokh, B., Grobler, L. & Cobanoglu, S. (2000) A new species of Punctoribates (Acari: Oribatida: Mycobatidae) col- lected from mushrooms in Turkey, with remarks on the taxonomy of the genus. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein, 16 (2), 17 - 32.", "Weigmann, G. (2009) Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from the coastal region of Portugal. II. The genera Zachvatkinibates and Punctoribates (Mycobatidae). Soil Organisms, 81 (1), 85 \u203e 105.", "Bayartogtokh, B. & Aoki, J. (1998) Two new species of oribatid mites of the family Mycobatidae (Acari: Oribatei) from Mongolia. Edaphologia, 60, 37 - 44.", "Fujikawa, T. (1982) Oribatid fauna from nature farm in Nayoro (5). Edaphologia, 27, 1 - 4.", "Shaldybina, E. S. (1969) New species of beetle mites of the genus Punctoribates Berlese, 1908 of the Gorky Region. Notes of the Gorky Pedagogical Institute, Biological series, 99, 53 - 68. [in Russian]", "Shaldybina, E. S. (1977) Punctoribates grishinae- eine neue Hornmilbenart aus dem Krasnojarsker kraj (Oribatei, Mycobati- dae). In: Fauna, systematics, biology and ecology of Helminths and their intermediate hosts, Gorky, 1977, pp. 90 - 92. [in Russian]", "Berlese, A. (1908) Elenco di generi e specie nuovi di Acari. 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The Canadian Entomologist, 140, 73 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / n 07 - 027", "Seniczak, S. & Seniczak, A. (2008) Morphology of three European species of the genus Punctoribates Berlese, 1908 (Acari: Oribatida: Mycobatidae). Annales Zoologici, 58 (3), 473 \u203e 485. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345408 x 364328", "Schweizer, J. (1922) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der terrestrischen Milbenfauna der Schweiz. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 23, 23 \u203e 112. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 3644", "Koch, C. L. (1841) Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden. Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg, Bd. 31, 1 - 24.", "Tragardh, I. (1910) Acariden aus dem Sarekgebirge. Naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen des Sarekgebirges in Schwedisch- Lappland, Zoologie, 4, 375 - 586.", "Seniczak, S., Seniczak, A. & Coulson, S. J. (2015) Morphology, distribution and biology of Mycobates sarekensis (Acari: Oribatida: Punctoribatidae). International Journal of Acarology, 41 (8), 663 - 675. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647954.2015.1102968", "Hull, J. E. (1916) Terrestrial Acari of the Tyne Province, I. Oribatidae. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northum- berland, 4, 381 - 410.", "Behan-Pelletier, V. M., Eamer, B. & Clayton, M. (2001) Mycobatidae (Acari: Oribatida) of Pacific Northwest canopy habitats. The Canadian Entomologist, 133, 755 - 775. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 133755 - 6"]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Seniczak, Stanisław Ivan, Otilia Marquardt, Tomasz Seniczak, Anna |
author_facet |
Seniczak, Stanisław Ivan, Otilia Marquardt, Tomasz Seniczak, Anna |
author_sort |
Seniczak, Stanisław |
title |
Punctoribates astrachanicus Shaldybina 1973 |
title_short |
Punctoribates astrachanicus Shaldybina 1973 |
title_full |
Punctoribates astrachanicus Shaldybina 1973 |
title_fullStr |
Punctoribates astrachanicus Shaldybina 1973 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Punctoribates astrachanicus Shaldybina 1973 |
title_sort |
punctoribates astrachanicus shaldybina 1973 |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408930 https://zenodo.org/record/4408930 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(18.067,18.067,65.900,65.900) ENVELOPE(9.895,9.895,63.645,63.645) ENVELOPE(-64.183,-64.183,-65.167,-65.167) ENVELOPE(-69.117,-69.117,-68.517,-68.517) ENVELOPE(157.629,157.629,51.533,51.533) ENVELOPE(-58.667,-58.667,-62.250,-62.250) ENVELOPE(35.928,35.928,66.887,66.887) ENVELOPE(62.083,62.083,-73.383,-73.383) |
geographic |
Pacific Lappland Seta Clayton Perez Vestnik Eme Pana Lebedeva |
geographic_facet |
Pacific Lappland Seta Clayton Perez Vestnik Eme Pana Lebedeva |
genre |
Lappland Mite |
genre_facet |
Lappland Mite |
op_relation |
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op_rights |
Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408930 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4900.1.6 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408932 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408934 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408936 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408938 https: |
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.4408930 2023-05-15T17:07:01+02:00 Punctoribates astrachanicus Shaldybina 1973 Seniczak, Stanisław Ivan, Otilia Marquardt, Tomasz Seniczak, Anna 2020 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408930 https://zenodo.org/record/4408930 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/4408928 http://publication.plazi.org/id/41628310430BFFC24A3BF34E1D679C04 http://zoobank.org/02BFC055-06C9-4D74-9947-CF8F504495C6 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4900.1.6 http://zenodo.org/record/4408928 http://publication.plazi.org/id/41628310430BFFC24A3BF34E1D679C04 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408932 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408934 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408936 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408938 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408940 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408942 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408944 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408946 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408948 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408950 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408952 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408954 http://zoobank.org/02BFC055-06C9-4D74-9947-CF8F504495C6 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408929 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Sarcoptiformes Punctoribatidae Punctoribates Punctoribates astrachanicus Taxonomic treatment article-journal Text ScholarlyArticle 2020 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408930 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4900.1.6 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408932 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408934 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408936 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408938 https: 2022-02-08T12:04:14Z Punctoribates astrachanicus Shaldybina, 1973 Punctoribates astrachanicus : Krivolutsky and Lebedeva 2004. Semipunctoribates astrachanicus : Mahunka1987, Andrievskij et al . 2002, Subías 2004, Smelyansky 2006, Bayartogtokh 2010. Punctoribates ( Semipunctoribates ) astrachanicus : Subías 2012. Diagnosis Adult of medium size (415–488), with characters of Punctoribates . Bothridial seta fusiform, anterior tectum of notogaster straight. Most notogastral setae alveolar, except for short p -series. Four pairs of saccules present. Aggenital, adanal and anal setae short. Trochanter IV and femur IV with transverse folds, tarsus I with dorsal projection. Juveniles light brown, prodorsal seta ex short and thin, humeral organ relatively large, especially in nymphs. Gastronotal setae of larva of medium size and pointed, in nymphs short. Morphology of adult Adults (Figs. 1–5a, 5b) similar to those investigated by Shaldybina (1973), but see Remarks. Mean length (and range) of females 458.9±12.8 (440–488, n= 19) and males 432.5±10.4 (415–446, n= 11), mean width (and range) of females 327.8±11.2 (307–343) and males 303.2±7.2 (295–319). Pedotectum I strongly convex dorsally (Fig. 3a). Hypostomal setae h , m and a short and smooth, m slightly longer than other setae (Fig. 2). Cheliceral seta cha longer and thicker than chb , both barbed (Fig. 3b). Most palp setae relatively long, sup , inf and l” on tibia finely barbed, other setae smooth (Fig. 3c), formula of palp setae 0-2-1-3-9(1). Trochanters III and IV and all femora flattened, trochanter IV and femur IV with transverse folds, tibiae II–VI and tarsus I with dorsal projections (Fig. 4). Formulae of leg setae [trochanter to tarsus (+ solenidia)]: I – 1-5-3(1)-4(2)-20(2); II – 1-5-3(1)-4(1)-15(2); III – 2-3-1(1)-3(1)-15; IV – 1-2-2-3(1)-12. Leg tarsi heterotridactylous. Remarks . The adults investigated herein are wider, and slightly longer than those investigated by Shaldybina (1973; length 430–473, width 258–301, sex not investigated). In our individuals, the epimeral setae 1b , 1c and 4a are slightly longer than in those studied by Shaldybina (1973; setae 3c and 4c not drawn). Description of juveniles Larva oval in dorsal view (Fig. 6), light brown. Prodorsum subtriangular, prodorsal seta ro long, in and le of medium size (Table 1), all barbed; seta ex short and smooth. Mutual distance between setal pair le about 2.5 times longer than between pair ro , between setal pair in about three times longer than between pair ro , pair le inserted approximately midway between pairs ro and in . Opening of bothridium rounded, bothridial seta clavate, with barbed head. Gastronotum of larva with 12 pairs of setae, including h 3 inserted lateral to medial part of anal valves (Figs. 6, 7a, 8a), most setae of medium size and barbed, except for short and smooth h 3. Pygidial shield absent, all setae inserted on unsclerotized integument, length of setae of d - and l -series slightly increasing from anterior to posterior (Table 1). Cupule ia posterior to seta c 3, cupule im posterior to seta lm , cupule ip between setae h 1 and h 2, cupule ih lateral to anterior part of anal opening. Opisthonotal gland opening posterolateral to seta lm , with dark sclerotized surrounding. Porose humeral organ relatively large, anterior to seta c 3 (Fig. 8a). Paraproctal valves (segment PS) glabrous. Most leg setae barbed, seta ft” relatively long (Fig. 9). Shape and colour of protonymph, prodorsal setae and bothridium as in larva; gastronotum with 15 pairs of setae because p -series added (Fig. 7b), and retained in subsequent nymphs (Figs. 10a, 10b). In protonymph, setae of p -series longer than other posterior setae. In all nymphs, gastronotal shield present, with 10 pairs of setae ( d -, l -, h -series, p 1), setae p 2 and p 3 inserted on unsclerotized integument; all short and smooth. Setae of c -series of medium size and barbed, c 3 longest, c 2 shortest (Table 1). In protonymph, one pair of genital setae appearing on genital valves, two pairs added in deutonymph and tritonymph each (Figs. 7b, 10a, 10b), all short and smooth. In deutonymph, one pair of aggenital setae and three pairs of adanal setae appear, and remained in tritonymph; all short and smooth. In protonymph and deutonymph, anal valves glabrous, in tritonymph two pairs of short and smooth anal setae present. In tritonymph, cupules ia and im as in larva, cupule ip between setae p 1 and p 2, cupule iad lateral to anterior part of anal valves, cupules ips and ih displaced posterolateral and anterolateral to iad , respectively (Figs. 8b, 10b, 11). Humeral organ large, rounded, porose, located posterolateral to seta c 3 (Figs. 5f, 8b), opisthonotal gland opening lateral to seta lp , with dark sclerotized surrounding. Legs of tritonymph stocky (Figs. 5d, 5e, 12), without dorsal projections and setae pv on tarsi with shorter barbs than in adult (Fig. 4). Summary of ontogenetic transformations In the larva, the prodorsal seta ro is longer than setae le and in , whereas in the other instars seta in is longer than ro and le . Seta ex is short in all instars. The bothridium is rounded in all instars, but in the adult it is covered by anterior tectum of notogaster. In all juveniles, the bothridial seta is clavate, with barbed head, whereas in the adult it is fusiform and smooth. The larva has 12 pairs of gastronotal setae, including h 3, the nymphs have 15 pairs ( p -series appears in the protonymph), whereas the notogaster of adult loses five pairs of setae ( c 1, c 3 and d -series), so the 10 pairs of notogastral setae remain. The formula of gastronotal setae in P . astrachanicus is 12-15-15-15-10 (from larva to adult), the formulae of epimeral setae are 3-1-2 (larva, including scaliform 1c ), 3-1-2-1 (protonymph), 3-1-2-2 (deutonymph) and 3-1-3-3 (tritonymph and adult). The formula of genital setae is 1-3-5-6 (protonymph to adult), and formula of aggenital setae is 1-1-1 (deutonymph to adult), and setal formula of segments PS-AN is 03333-0333-022. The ontogeny of leg setae and solenidia of P . astrachanicus is shown in Table 2. Distribution, ecology and biology According to Subías (2020), Punctoribates astrachanicus is known only in South European Russia, but it was also collected in Romania (Ivan 2005). This species prefers steppe habitats (Shaldybina 1973, Andrievskij et al . 2002, Smelyansky 2006), and the upper soil horizon (Smelyansky 2010). Smelyansky (2006) investigated some population characters of this species in steppe habitat in South-East of the European part of Russia, and this species was not abundant, females were more abundant than males (mean sex ratio 1:0.48), and gravid females carried usually three large eggs (Smelyansky 2010). This species was also found in feathers of chaffinch (Krivolutsky & Lebedeva 2004). 1 On one leg can be absent. Note: structures are indicated where they are first added and are present through the rest of ontogeny; pairs of setae in parentheses, dash indicates no additions. In this study, P . astrachanicus was found in two habitats in Mânzăteşti (Romania), with salty soils. In facies with Camphorosma annua , this species was distinctly more abundant (148.6 indiv./ 500cm 3) than in ruderal stand with Lolium perenne and Cynodon dactylon (3.2 indiv./ 500cm 3). In both habitats, the adults dominated the juveniles. In the former habitat, the juveniles comprised 31% of all individuals, whereas in the later habitat they comprised 13% of all individuals. In facies with Camphorosma annua , the stage structure of P . astrachanicus was the following: nine larvae, 27 protonymphs, 136 deutonymphs, 59 tritonymphs and 512 adults (total number from five replicates). In this habitat, the sex ratio (females to males) was 1:0.6, 48% females were gravid, carying 3–7 large eggs (185 x 90), which comprised 40% of the length of females. Comparison of morphology of Punctoribates astrachanicus with congeners and remarks Among Punctoribates adults, the largest species is P . tschernovi Shtanchaeva & Subías, 2014, and smallest species is P . conjunctus (Subías et al ., 1990), and the body length of several species overlaps (Table 3). In most species, the bothridial seta is clavate, whereas in other species it is fusiform. Most species have alveolar notogastral setae, whereas in other species they are short or minute (unknown in some species). In most species, the medial part of anterior tectum of notogaster is straight, whereas in other species is convex or has incision. In most species, adanal and anal setae are short, whereas in few species they are alveolar or in some species are unknown. All these species also differ from one another by the form of octotaxic system and the shape of porose areas (Table 3). 1 between setal pair in 2 also with data of Behan-Pelletier and Eamer (2008). Seniczak and Seniczak (2008) compared the morphological ontogeny of P . punctum , P. hexagonus and P. sellnicki , and the juveniles of P . astrachanicus are most similar to those of P . hexagonus , in having a humeral organ and thin prodorsal seta ex . In the larva of P . hexagonus , most gastronotal setae are of medium size and pointed, and in the nymphs these setae are short, as in P . astrachanicus . However, the larva of P . astrachanicus is stockier than that of P . hexagonus and has the gastronotal seta h 2 barbed, whereas in P. hexagonus it is smooth. The nymphs of P . astrachanicus have relatively shorter seta c 1 and longer seta c 2 than in P. hexagonus , and seta c 2 is barbed, whereas in P. hexagonus it is smooth. By contrast, the larva of P . punctum has the prodorsal seta ex barbed and gastronotal setae blunt, and the nymphs have setae c 1 and c 2 short and smooth, which in P . astrachanicus are barbed. Moreover, a humeral organ of nymphs of P . astrachanicus is larger than in P. hexagonus and P . punctum . The juveniles of P. sellnicki differ from those of P . astrachanicus , P. hexagonus and P . punctum mainly by the absence of humeral organ and longer and thicker gastronotal setae. Generally, the juveniles of species compared differ from one another by specific characters, and no generic character was observed in them, which argue against dividing these species in subgenera, proposed by Subías (2004). The juveniles of P . astrachanicus are also similar to those of other species of Punctoribatidae. For example, the larva of P . astrachanicus is similar to those of Minunthozetes pseudofusiger (Schweizer, 1922) and M . semirufus (C.L. Koch, 1841), except for absence of the pygidial shield, which in other species is present (Seniczak & Seniczak 2018, Seniczak et al . 2018). The nymphs of all species have a large gastronotal shield, with 10 pairs of short setae ( d -, l -, h -series and p 1), but P . astrachanicus has larger humeral organ than other species, located posterolateral to seta c 3, as in P . punctum (Seniczak & Seniczak 2008), whereas in other species it is placed anterior to seta c 3. The juveniles of P . astrachanicus are also similar to those of Zachvatkinibates latilamellatus Bayartogtokh & Aoki, 1998, except for presence of small, sclerotized depressions on the gastronotum, which in the former species are absent. The juveniles of Mycobates sarekensis (Trägårdh, 1910) are more stocky than those of P . astrachanicus , have longer gastronotal setae, and the nymphs have the gastronotal shield divided in two parts by transverse furrow (Seniczak et al . 2015), which in P . astrachanicus is absent. The ontogeny of leg setae and solenidia of P . astrachanicus is similar to that of Z . latilamellatus , except for seta v’ on genua I and II, which in the latter species appears in the tritonymph (Seniczak et al . 2018), and in the former species is delayed to the adult. The ontogeny of leg setae and solenidia of P . astrachanicus differs more from that of M. pseudofusiger and M . semirufus mainly by the appearance of pair l on femora I and II in the deutonymph (versus in the two latter species this pair is delayed to tritonymph), and setae l’ and v’’ on tibia IV in the tritonymph (versus in two latter species they are delayed to adult, Seniczak & Seniczak 2018, Seniczak et al . 2018). The ontogeny of leg setae and solenidia of Mycobates Hull, 1916 differs more from that of P . astrachanicus , and differentiates particular species (Behan-Pelletier et al . 2001, Seniczak et al . 2015). : Published as part of Seniczak, Stanisław, Ivan, Otilia, Marquardt, Tomasz & Seniczak, Anna, 2020, Morphological ontogeny of Punctoribates astrachanicus (Acari: Oribatida Punctoribatidae), and comments on Punctoribates Berlese, pp. 43-61 in Zootaxa 4900 (1) on pages 48-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4900.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4408928 : {"references": ["Shaldybina, E. 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