Zygophylax infundibulum Millard 1958
Zygophylax infundibulum Millard, 1958 Plate 4 A–F Zygophylax infundibulum Millard, 1958: 180–181, fig. 4b–c; Millard, 1968: 266; Millard, 1973: 32; Millard, 1975: 197–198, fig. 65d–e; Millard, 1978: 200; Millard, 1979: 140; Millard, 1980: 131, 143–144, fig. 4d; Rees & Vervoort, 1987: 84; Calder...
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Cnidaria Hydrozoa Leptothecata Lafoeidae Zygophylax Zygophylax infundibulum |
spellingShingle |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Cnidaria Hydrozoa Leptothecata Lafoeidae Zygophylax Zygophylax infundibulum Campos, Felipe Ferreira Pérez, Carlos Daniel Puce, Stefania Marques, Antonio Carlos Zygophylax infundibulum Millard 1958 |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Cnidaria Hydrozoa Leptothecata Lafoeidae Zygophylax Zygophylax infundibulum |
description |
Zygophylax infundibulum Millard, 1958 Plate 4 A–F Zygophylax infundibulum Millard, 1958: 180–181, fig. 4b–c; Millard, 1968: 266; Millard, 1973: 32; Millard, 1975: 197–198, fig. 65d–e; Millard, 1978: 200; Millard, 1979: 140; Millard, 1980: 131, 143–144, fig. 4d; Rees & Vervoort, 1987: 84; Calder & Vervoort, 1998: 28; Vervoort & Watson, 2003: 69; Miranda et al., 2015: 506. Type Series. Holotype—Several stems and two whole mounts, without gonophores (SAM H36) (Millard, 1979). Type Locality. Coll. Pieter Faure, St. 10781, Natal coast, Durban, South Africa, 29°53’S 31°11’E, 155 m, 17 December 1900. Material examined. Coll. T. Mortensen Exp. 1929, St. 24, near Durban coast, South Africa, 29°48’30’’S 31°18’E, 219 m, 22 August 1929, det. N.H.A. Millard, small colonial fragments, without gonophores (ZMUC-HYD 271); Coll. Benthedi, St. S 93, Indian Ocean, off northern Madagascar, 11°32.3’S 47°16’E, 400–556 m, 07 April 1977, without gonophores (RMNH-Coel. slide 253); Coll. Marion Dufresne, St. FA 117, as Z. cf. infundibulum, La Réunion, 20°57’S 54°08’E, 470–540 m, 31 August 1982, without gonophores (RMNH-Coel. slide 261). Description of additional material. (ZMUC-HYD 271) Stem rectilineous, mostly polysiphonic with only distamost part monosiphonic, not divided into nodes; hydrothecae facing one side of the colony. Hydrocladia polysiphonic proximally and monosiphonic distally (Pl. 4A), divided into transversal nodes, each internode with three hydrothecae; hydrocladia with axillary hydrotheca on axial apophyses, with subopposite arrangement, planar; hydrothecal apophyses developed, separated from hydrocladia by septum and constricton of perisarc. Hydrothecae tubular, slightly sigmoid, adcauline wall concave under rim, abcauline wall convex (Pl. 4C–D), pedicel long, rectilineous, slightly wrinkled (Pl. 4B), diaphragm thick, convex. Nematothecae tubular on hydrothecal apophysis (Pl. 4E–F). Measurements. Stem: distance between two subsequent hydrothecae 156–390 µm; diameter 182–442 µm; distance between subsequent hydrocladia at the same side 1.7–1.8 mm. Hydrocladia: lenght 5.1–7.4 mm; diameter at base 130–156 µm. Hydrothecae: length of adcauline wall from rim to diaphragm 350–370 µm; lenght from base budding of the axis to rim 540–610 µm; diameter at rim 130–150 µm; diameter at diaphragm 70 µm; diameter of pedicel on adcauline side 240–270 µm; diameter at apophysis 50 µm. Nematothecae: lenght 40–160 µm; diameter at rim 20–30 µm. Diagnosis of reproductive structures. “Gonothecae not adpressed, narrow at base and widening distally, then divided into two outwardly curved necks bearing the terminal apertures. Protective tubular structures numerous, arising amongst the gonothecae and rising above them, completely obscuring them and forming a bristly coat to the coppinia; each branching irregularly and bearing many nematothecae similar to those to the trophosome. Each gonothecae apparently arising from the base of one of the tubular structures” (Millard, 1980: 143–144). Geographical distribution. southern Brazil (Miranda et al., 2015); off Natal, South Africa, 115–219 m (Millard, 1975); off northern Madagascar, 400–556 m (present study). Remarks. Zygophylax infundibulum Millard, 1958 is known from the Indian coast of South Africa (Millard, 1958, 1975, 1979, 1980), recently also recorded for Brazil by (Miranda et al. , 2015) and now for Madagascar (this study). The gonosome of the species was subsequently described (Millard, 1980). We did not have access to any of the materials deposited in the South African Museum (SAM). The species may be diagnosed by the triangular shape of gonothecae with two short projections with apertures, the coppinia with numerous protective tubes, the hydrothecae curved at the distamost third and facing one side of the colony, and the long pedicels on well-demarcated apophyses. Zygophylax infundibulum has similarities with Z. unilateralis , such as the sigmoid hydrothecae, hydrothecae oriented towards one side of the colony, distinct apophyses, non-adnate elongated gonothecae widening basally, and the many protective tubes in the coppinia. However, Z. unilateralis differs by the larger and thicker hydrothecae, globular to bi or trilobate nematothecae on hydrothecal apophyses, hydrocladia and secondary axial tubes, pedicel varying from totally smooth to slightly wrinkled or even segmented throughout its extension ( e.g. , in the holotype BMNH 29.10.28.77), and the 2–3 processes in the gonothecae of Z. unilateralis . Millard (1980) also reported trophosomal and gonosomal similarities between Z. infundibulum and Zygophylax sibogae Billard, 1918, like the curved hydrothecae resembles of Z. infundibulum similar to those of young colonies of Z. sibogae ( e.g. , RMNH-Coel. slide 258), the shape of the gonothecae, and of the high density of protective tubes in the coppinia, although Z. sibogae has more elongated projections facing to opposite directions. Other characters listed above also help to differentiate between the species. Colonies of Z. infundibulum undertake regeneration processes leading to the segmentation of the apophyses, the pedicels or even the hydrothecae, by the duplication of the diaphragms (Millard, 1958). We observed pedicels slightly segmented or wrinkled in some specimens (ZMUC-HYD 271, South Africa; RMNH-Coel. slide 253, Madagascar). This regeneration process and the resulted pedicelar annulations differ from those of Z. naomiae sp. nov. (see above). In the same specimen, regeneration processes also alter the number of renovations on rim (up to 11), increasing significantly the length, as well as the nematothecae of the secondary axial tubes of the stem vary from tubular to extremely thin and elongated, with a widened apex with one aperture. : Published as part of Campos, Felipe Ferreira, Pérez, Carlos Daniel, Puce, Stefania & Marques, Antonio Carlos, 2020, A new species of Zygophylax (Quelch, 1885) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from South Africa, with taxonomic notes on the southern African species of the genus, pp. 535-552 in Zootaxa 4779 (4) on pages 545-547, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3839510 : {"references": ["Millard, N. A. H. (1958) Hydrozoa from the coasts of Natal and Portuguese East Africa. Part I. Calyptoblastea. Annals of the South African Museum, 44 (5), 165 - 226.", "Millard, N. A. H. (1968) South African hydroids from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Java-South Africa expedition, 1929 - 1930. Videnskalbelige. Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk. Forening i Kjobenhavn, 131, 251 - 288.", "Millard, N. A. H. (1973) Auto-epizoism in South African hydroids. In: Recent trends in research in coelenterate biology. Proceedings of The Second International Symposium on Cnidaria, Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 20, 23 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 175792", "Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513.", "Millard, N. A. H. (1978) The geographical distribution of southern African hydroids. Annals of the South African Museum, 74, 159 - 200.", "Millard, N. A. H. (1979) Type specimens of Hydroida (Coelenterata) in the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum, 77 (8), 133 - 150.", "Millard, N. A. H. (1980) Hydroida. The South African Museum's Meiring Naude cruises. Part 11. Annals of the South African Museum, 82 (4), 129 - 153.", "Rees, W. J. & Vervoort, W. (1987) Hydroids from the John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 237, 1 - 209.", "Calder, D. R. & Vervoort, W. (1998) Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 319, 1 - 65.", "Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538.", "Miranda, T. P., Genzano, G. N. & Marques, A. C. (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa, 4033 (4), 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2", "Billard, \u0391. (1918) Notes sur quelques especes d'hydroides de l'expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale, 57 (2), 21 - 27."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Campos, Felipe Ferreira Pérez, Carlos Daniel Puce, Stefania Marques, Antonio Carlos |
author_facet |
Campos, Felipe Ferreira Pérez, Carlos Daniel Puce, Stefania Marques, Antonio Carlos |
author_sort |
Campos, Felipe Ferreira |
title |
Zygophylax infundibulum Millard 1958 |
title_short |
Zygophylax infundibulum Millard 1958 |
title_full |
Zygophylax infundibulum Millard 1958 |
title_fullStr |
Zygophylax infundibulum Millard 1958 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Zygophylax infundibulum Millard 1958 |
title_sort |
zygophylax infundibulum millard 1958 |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853149 https://zenodo.org/record/3853149 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-62.050,-62.050,-64.600,-64.600) ENVELOPE(-68.871,-68.871,-68.093,-68.093) |
geographic |
Indian New Zealand Mid-Atlantic Ridge Ferreira Faure |
geographic_facet |
Indian New Zealand Mid-Atlantic Ridge Ferreira Faure |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
http://zenodo.org/record/3839510 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFA1FFC1C9180D28FFB8FF9BFFFFFFDF http://zoobank.org/186C1834-BD6C-4AAE-A8D9-BF64790C6CDF https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4779.4.5 http://zenodo.org/record/3839510 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFA1FFC1C9180D28FFB8FF9BFFFFFFDF https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839518 http://zoobank.org/186C1834-BD6C-4AAE-A8D9-BF64790C6CDF https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853150 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit |
op_rights |
Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853149 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4779.4.5 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839518 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853150 |
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1766137702825066496 |
spelling |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.3853149 2023-05-15T17:37:38+02:00 Zygophylax infundibulum Millard 1958 Campos, Felipe Ferreira Pérez, Carlos Daniel Puce, Stefania Marques, Antonio Carlos 2020 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853149 https://zenodo.org/record/3853149 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/3839510 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFA1FFC1C9180D28FFB8FF9BFFFFFFDF http://zoobank.org/186C1834-BD6C-4AAE-A8D9-BF64790C6CDF https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4779.4.5 http://zenodo.org/record/3839510 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFA1FFC1C9180D28FFB8FF9BFFFFFFDF https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839518 http://zoobank.org/186C1834-BD6C-4AAE-A8D9-BF64790C6CDF https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853150 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Cnidaria Hydrozoa Leptothecata Lafoeidae Zygophylax Zygophylax infundibulum Taxonomic treatment article-journal Text ScholarlyArticle 2020 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853149 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4779.4.5 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839518 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853150 2022-02-09T14:12:53Z Zygophylax infundibulum Millard, 1958 Plate 4 A–F Zygophylax infundibulum Millard, 1958: 180–181, fig. 4b–c; Millard, 1968: 266; Millard, 1973: 32; Millard, 1975: 197–198, fig. 65d–e; Millard, 1978: 200; Millard, 1979: 140; Millard, 1980: 131, 143–144, fig. 4d; Rees & Vervoort, 1987: 84; Calder & Vervoort, 1998: 28; Vervoort & Watson, 2003: 69; Miranda et al., 2015: 506. Type Series. Holotype—Several stems and two whole mounts, without gonophores (SAM H36) (Millard, 1979). Type Locality. Coll. Pieter Faure, St. 10781, Natal coast, Durban, South Africa, 29°53’S 31°11’E, 155 m, 17 December 1900. Material examined. Coll. T. Mortensen Exp. 1929, St. 24, near Durban coast, South Africa, 29°48’30’’S 31°18’E, 219 m, 22 August 1929, det. N.H.A. Millard, small colonial fragments, without gonophores (ZMUC-HYD 271); Coll. Benthedi, St. S 93, Indian Ocean, off northern Madagascar, 11°32.3’S 47°16’E, 400–556 m, 07 April 1977, without gonophores (RMNH-Coel. slide 253); Coll. Marion Dufresne, St. FA 117, as Z. cf. infundibulum, La Réunion, 20°57’S 54°08’E, 470–540 m, 31 August 1982, without gonophores (RMNH-Coel. slide 261). Description of additional material. (ZMUC-HYD 271) Stem rectilineous, mostly polysiphonic with only distamost part monosiphonic, not divided into nodes; hydrothecae facing one side of the colony. Hydrocladia polysiphonic proximally and monosiphonic distally (Pl. 4A), divided into transversal nodes, each internode with three hydrothecae; hydrocladia with axillary hydrotheca on axial apophyses, with subopposite arrangement, planar; hydrothecal apophyses developed, separated from hydrocladia by septum and constricton of perisarc. Hydrothecae tubular, slightly sigmoid, adcauline wall concave under rim, abcauline wall convex (Pl. 4C–D), pedicel long, rectilineous, slightly wrinkled (Pl. 4B), diaphragm thick, convex. Nematothecae tubular on hydrothecal apophysis (Pl. 4E–F). Measurements. Stem: distance between two subsequent hydrothecae 156–390 µm; diameter 182–442 µm; distance between subsequent hydrocladia at the same side 1.7–1.8 mm. Hydrocladia: lenght 5.1–7.4 mm; diameter at base 130–156 µm. Hydrothecae: length of adcauline wall from rim to diaphragm 350–370 µm; lenght from base budding of the axis to rim 540–610 µm; diameter at rim 130–150 µm; diameter at diaphragm 70 µm; diameter of pedicel on adcauline side 240–270 µm; diameter at apophysis 50 µm. Nematothecae: lenght 40–160 µm; diameter at rim 20–30 µm. Diagnosis of reproductive structures. “Gonothecae not adpressed, narrow at base and widening distally, then divided into two outwardly curved necks bearing the terminal apertures. Protective tubular structures numerous, arising amongst the gonothecae and rising above them, completely obscuring them and forming a bristly coat to the coppinia; each branching irregularly and bearing many nematothecae similar to those to the trophosome. Each gonothecae apparently arising from the base of one of the tubular structures” (Millard, 1980: 143–144). Geographical distribution. southern Brazil (Miranda et al., 2015); off Natal, South Africa, 115–219 m (Millard, 1975); off northern Madagascar, 400–556 m (present study). Remarks. Zygophylax infundibulum Millard, 1958 is known from the Indian coast of South Africa (Millard, 1958, 1975, 1979, 1980), recently also recorded for Brazil by (Miranda et al. , 2015) and now for Madagascar (this study). The gonosome of the species was subsequently described (Millard, 1980). We did not have access to any of the materials deposited in the South African Museum (SAM). The species may be diagnosed by the triangular shape of gonothecae with two short projections with apertures, the coppinia with numerous protective tubes, the hydrothecae curved at the distamost third and facing one side of the colony, and the long pedicels on well-demarcated apophyses. Zygophylax infundibulum has similarities with Z. unilateralis , such as the sigmoid hydrothecae, hydrothecae oriented towards one side of the colony, distinct apophyses, non-adnate elongated gonothecae widening basally, and the many protective tubes in the coppinia. However, Z. unilateralis differs by the larger and thicker hydrothecae, globular to bi or trilobate nematothecae on hydrothecal apophyses, hydrocladia and secondary axial tubes, pedicel varying from totally smooth to slightly wrinkled or even segmented throughout its extension ( e.g. , in the holotype BMNH 29.10.28.77), and the 2–3 processes in the gonothecae of Z. unilateralis . Millard (1980) also reported trophosomal and gonosomal similarities between Z. infundibulum and Zygophylax sibogae Billard, 1918, like the curved hydrothecae resembles of Z. infundibulum similar to those of young colonies of Z. sibogae ( e.g. , RMNH-Coel. slide 258), the shape of the gonothecae, and of the high density of protective tubes in the coppinia, although Z. sibogae has more elongated projections facing to opposite directions. Other characters listed above also help to differentiate between the species. Colonies of Z. infundibulum undertake regeneration processes leading to the segmentation of the apophyses, the pedicels or even the hydrothecae, by the duplication of the diaphragms (Millard, 1958). We observed pedicels slightly segmented or wrinkled in some specimens (ZMUC-HYD 271, South Africa; RMNH-Coel. slide 253, Madagascar). This regeneration process and the resulted pedicelar annulations differ from those of Z. naomiae sp. nov. (see above). In the same specimen, regeneration processes also alter the number of renovations on rim (up to 11), increasing significantly the length, as well as the nematothecae of the secondary axial tubes of the stem vary from tubular to extremely thin and elongated, with a widened apex with one aperture. : Published as part of Campos, Felipe Ferreira, Pérez, Carlos Daniel, Puce, Stefania & Marques, Antonio Carlos, 2020, A new species of Zygophylax (Quelch, 1885) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from South Africa, with taxonomic notes on the southern African species of the genus, pp. 535-552 in Zootaxa 4779 (4) on pages 545-547, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3839510 : {"references": ["Millard, N. A. H. (1958) Hydrozoa from the coasts of Natal and Portuguese East Africa. Part I. Calyptoblastea. Annals of the South African Museum, 44 (5), 165 - 226.", "Millard, N. A. H. (1968) South African hydroids from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Java-South Africa expedition, 1929 - 1930. Videnskalbelige. Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk. Forening i Kjobenhavn, 131, 251 - 288.", "Millard, N. A. H. (1973) Auto-epizoism in South African hydroids. In: Recent trends in research in coelenterate biology. Proceedings of The Second International Symposium on Cnidaria, Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 20, 23 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 175792", "Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513.", "Millard, N. A. H. (1978) The geographical distribution of southern African hydroids. Annals of the South African Museum, 74, 159 - 200.", "Millard, N. A. H. (1979) Type specimens of Hydroida (Coelenterata) in the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum, 77 (8), 133 - 150.", "Millard, N. A. H. (1980) Hydroida. The South African Museum's Meiring Naude cruises. Part 11. Annals of the South African Museum, 82 (4), 129 - 153.", "Rees, W. J. & Vervoort, W. (1987) Hydroids from the John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 237, 1 - 209.", "Calder, D. R. & Vervoort, W. (1998) Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 319, 1 - 65.", "Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538.", "Miranda, T. P., Genzano, G. N. & Marques, A. C. (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa, 4033 (4), 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2", "Billard, \u0391. (1918) Notes sur quelques especes d'hydroides de l'expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale, 57 (2), 21 - 27."]} Text North Atlantic DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Indian New Zealand Mid-Atlantic Ridge Ferreira ENVELOPE(-62.050,-62.050,-64.600,-64.600) Faure ENVELOPE(-68.871,-68.871,-68.093,-68.093) |