Eurypon lacertus Recinos & Pinheiro & Willenz & Hajdu 2020, sp. nov.
Eurypon lacertus sp. nov. (Figure 2, Table 1) Type locality: Peru, Islote El Lagarto, Islas Lobos de Afuera archipelago, Lambayeque Region. Holotype. MNRJ 11334, Islote El Lagarto (approx. 6.93360° S– 80.70551° W), Islas Lobos de Afuera, Peru, 11 m depth, coll. Ph. Willenz & Y. Hooker (04/X/2007...
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topic |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Poecilosclerida Raspailiidae Eurypon Eurypon lacertus |
spellingShingle |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Poecilosclerida Raspailiidae Eurypon Eurypon lacertus Recinos, Radharanne Pinheiro, Ulisses Willenz, Philippe Hajdu, Eduardo Eurypon lacertus Recinos & Pinheiro & Willenz & Hajdu 2020, sp. nov. |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Poecilosclerida Raspailiidae Eurypon Eurypon lacertus |
description |
Eurypon lacertus sp. nov. (Figure 2, Table 1) Type locality: Peru, Islote El Lagarto, Islas Lobos de Afuera archipelago, Lambayeque Region. Holotype. MNRJ 11334, Islote El Lagarto (approx. 6.93360° S– 80.70551° W), Islas Lobos de Afuera, Peru, 11 m depth, coll. Ph. Willenz & Y. Hooker (04/X/2007). Diagnosis. Encrusting sponge, with orange colour, ectosomal anisoxeas (339–607 / 4–9 µm), subectosomal tylostyles (1294–2100 / 13–25 µm) and echinating acanthostyles (54–112 / 6–13 µm). ...Continued on the next page ....Continued on the next page ....Continued on the next page ....Continued on the next page ....Continued on the next page Description (Fig. 2A). Thinly encrusting sponge, size 5 cm in its largest diameter, no thicker than 1 mm. Consistency soft and easily torn. Surface smooth, with barely visible subectosomal canals, converging to the few small, scattered, oscula (<1 mm diam). Colour orange in life, beige after preservation. Skeleton (Figs 2 B–C). Ectosomal skeleton with ectosomal anisoxeas forming plumose bouquets surrounding the subectosomal tylostyles, which markedly pierce the surface. Subectosomal and choanosomal skeletons overlapping, composed of typical hymedesmioid structure, consisting of a basal layer of spongin, with large tylostyles and small acanthostyles, both erect on the substrate. Some spicules appear scattered in the sponge, and many tylostyles lay parallel to, or flat on the substrate. Spicules (Figs 2 D–J). Ectosomal anisoxeas (339–488.4–607 / 4–6.3– 9 µm): smooth, irregularly curved or bent, blunt and acerate tips (Figs 2 G–I). Subectosomal tylostyles (1294–1705.1–2100 / 13–19.1– 25 µm): large, smooth, straight to slightly curved, tapering gradually, mucronate tips and round heads (Figs 2 D–F). Echinating acanthostyles (54–77.6–112 / 6–9.3– 13 µm): slender, straight, spined all over, spines conical or bent as hooks, with rounded tyle and acerate tips (Fig. 2J). Bathymetric distribution and ecology. The sponge was collected from a nearly vertical rocky substrate, near the coarse, biogenic sand bottom, at 11 m depth. Short red algae and thinly encrusting coralinaceous algae surrounded it. Distribution. Known only from its type locality, Islote El Lagarto, located at Islas Lobos de Afuera archipelago (Lambayeque). Etymology. The species name, lacertus (lizard in Latin), refers to the type locality of the species, Islote El Lagarto. Remarks. Table 1 contrasts micrometric data, as well as the geometry of spicules, and distribution of every known species of Eurypon to both of the new species described here, in addition to including taxonomic authorities. There are only seven species of Eurypon reported from Eastern and Central Pacific, all from shallow waters: E . brunum , E . debrumi , E . diversicolor , E . miniaceum , E . nigrum , E . patriciae , and E . tylospinosum . Eurypon lacertus sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners mainly by spicule features. The Central and Eastern Pacific Ocean species E. brunum , E . diversicolor , and E . patriciae have two categories of acanthostyles, and E. debrumi has none, in contrast to a single category in E. lacertus sp. nov. Two species have two categories of subectosomal tylostyles, E . miniaceum and E . nigrum , while E. lacertus sp. nov. has only one. The species closest to E. lacertus sp. nov. , both in morphological, as well as biogeographic aspects, appears to be E. tylospinosum from Mexico, but its ectosomal and subectosomal megascleres are much smaller and thinner (up to 460 / 2.5 μm and 575 / 15 μm vs 607 / 9 μm and 2100 / 25 μm in E. lacertus sp. nov. ). Following, the comparison is extended to species from other biogeographically more remote areas (Table 1, including taxonomic authorities). Ten species are differentiated from E. lacertus sp. nov. by the presence of two categories of acanthostyles. These include E . clavilectuarium , E . denisae , E . duoacanthostyla , E . gracile , E . incipiens , E . oxychaetum , E . potiguaris , E . suassunai , E . urizae , and E . verticillatum . Six additional species have subectosomal acanthostyles or strongyles, instead of the smooth tylostyles seen in E. lacertus sp. nov. These are E . hispidulum , E . inuisitatiacanthostyla , E . lamellatum , E . mixtum , E . mucronale , and E . scabiosum . In addition, E . inuisitatiacanthostyla , E . lamellatum , and E . mixtum lack ectosomal spicules of any sort. In the other three species, ectosomal spicules are of different morphology, viz. subtylostyles in E. hispidulum and E. scabiosum , and tornotes in E. mucronale . Acanthostyles are absent in another four species, which contrasts to their occurrence in E. lacertus sp. nov. Species without acanthostyles are E . lictor , E . spitzbergense , E . topsenti , and E . unispiculum . Six species have raphides or trichodragmas as microscleres, which were not found in E. lacertus sp. nov. These comprise E . cactoides , E . distyli , E . encrusta , E . graphidiophora , E . polyplumosum , and E . viride . Four species have much smaller subectosomal spicules than those of E. lacertus sp. nov. (up to 2100 μm), namely E . clavatella , E . fulvum , E . sessile , and E . spinularia (up to 470, 1500, 635 and 529 μm, respectively). Conversely, four species have larger acanthostyles: E . cinctum , E . hispidum , E . major , and E . simplex (acanthostyles up to 316, 352, 220 and 219 μm, respectively) in contrast to up to 112 µm in E. lacertus sp. nov. Eurypon hispidum and E . simplex further lack ectosomal megascleres. Other two species Eurypon lacazei and E . toureti have smaller acanthostyles (up to 80 and 60 μm vs 112 μm in E. lacertus sp. nov. ). Eurypon calypsoi has much thinner subectosomal tylostyles and ectosomal spicules (only up to 10 and 3 μm, respectively in contrast to up to 25 and 9 μm in E. lacertus sp. nov. ). Eurypon pulitzeri has larger subectosomal megascleres and acanthostyles (up to 2500 and 165 μm, respectively vs 2100 and 112 in E . lacertus sp. nov. ). Eurypon lacertus sp. nov. differs from E . clavigerum and E . vescicularis by its possession of ectosomal megascleres; and from E . obtusum , by the latter smaller and thinner ectosomal spicules (up to 430 / 3 μm vs 607 / 9 μm in E . lacertus sp. nov. ). Eurypon lacertus sp. nov. differs from E . coronula by the presence of stouter ectosomal styles (up to 9 μm vs 6 μm in E . coronula ), and from E . clavatum by the much thinner subectosomal tylostyles (only up to 13 μm vs 25 μm in E . lacertus sp. nov. ). Eurypon radiatum is rather distinct by its smaller ectosomal megascleres and larger acanthostyles (up to 350 and 400 μm in contrast to up to 607 and 112 μm in E . lacertus sp. nov. ). Finally, E . longispiculum has subectosomal megascleres with much more markedly pronounced heads according to Carter’s (1876) illustration, ectosomal styles instead of anisoxeas, and the single specimen ever found came from deeper than 600 m in the Boreal NE Atlantic, which compounds for a highly improbable hypothesis of cospecificity with E. lacertus sp. nov. : Published as part of Recinos, Radharanne, Pinheiro, Ulisses, Willenz, Philippe & Hajdu, Eduardo, 2020, Three new Raspailiidae Hentschel, 1923 (Axinellida, Demospongiae) from Peru, pp. 521-545 in Zootaxa 4778 (3) on pages 524-533, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3828771 : {"references": ["Burton, M. & Rao, H. S. (1932) Report on the shallow water marine sponges in the collection of the Indian Museum. Part I. Records of the Indian Museum, 34 (3), 299 - 356.", "Levi, C. (1958) Resultats scientifiques des campagnes de la ' Calypso'. Campagne 1951 - 1952 en Mer Rouge (suite). 11. Spongiaires de Mer Rouge recueillis par la ' Calypso' (1951 - 1952). Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 34 (3), 3 - 46.", "Little, F. J. Jr. (1963) The sponge fauna of the St. George's Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf Coast. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 11 (2), 31 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7050", "Bowerbank, J. S. (1866) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Vol. 2. Ray Society, London, xx + 388 pp.", "Bowerbank, J. S. (1874) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Vol. 3. Ray Society, London, xvii + 367 pp., pls. I-XCII.", "Santos, G. G., Franca, F. & Pinheiro, U. (2014) Three new species of Eurypon Gray, 1867 from Northeastern Brazil (Poecilosclerida; Demospongiae; Porifera). Zootaxa, 3895 (2), 273 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3895.2.8", "Boury-Esnault, N. & Lopes, M. T. (1985) Les Demosponges littorales de l'Archipel des Acores. Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 61 (2), 149 - 225.", "de Laubenfels, M. W. (1954) The sponges of the West-Central Pacific. Oregon state monographs. Studies in Zoology, 7 (I-X), 1 - 306, pls. I-XII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6516", "Vacelet, J. (1969) Eponges de la Roche du Large et de l'etage bathyal de Mediterranee (Recoltes de la soucoupe plongeante Cousteau et dragages). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, A (Zoologie), 59 (2), 145 - 219, pls. I-IV.", "Aguilar-Camacho, J. M. & Carballo, J. L. (2013) Raspailiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Axinellida) from the Mexican Pacific Ocean with the description of seven new species. Journal of Natural History, 47 (25 - 28), 1663 - 1706. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2013.769642", "Hoshino, T. (1981) Shallow-water Demosponges of Western Japan, 1. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University (B), 29 (1), 47 - 205.", "Thomas, P. A. (1981) A second collection of marine Demospongiae from Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean). Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale. Serie in 8 - Sciences Zoologiques, Belgium, 233, 1 - 63.", "Levi, C. (1969) Spongiaires du Vema Seamount (Atlantique Sud). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 41 (4), 952 - 973.", "Bertolino, M., Cerrano, C., Bavestrello, G., Carella, M., Pansini, M. & Calcinai, B. (2013) Diversity of Porifera in the Mediterranean coralligenous accretions, with description of a new species. ZooKeys, 336, 1 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 336.5139", "Hentschel, E. (1911) Tetraxonida. 2. Teil. In: Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (Eds.), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905. 3 (10). Fischer, Jena, pp. 279 - 393.", "Bergquist, P. R. (1970) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, Demospongiae, Part 2 (Axinellida and Halichondrida). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 51, 9 - 85.", "Topsent, E. (1927) Diagnoses d'Eponges nouvelles recueillies par le Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco, 502, 1 - 19.", "Stephens, J. (1921 [1920]) Sponges of the Coasts of Ireland. II. The Tetraxonida (concluded). Scientific Investigations of the Fisheries Branch, Department of Agriculture for Ireland, 1920 (2), 1 - 75, pls. I-VI.", "Levi, C. (1993) Porifera Demospongiae: Spongiaires bathyaux de Nouvelle-Caledonie, recoltes par le ' Jean Charcot' Campagne BIOCAL, 1985. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum national de l'Histoire naturelle, (A), 158, pp. 9 - 87.", "Topsent, E. (1904) Spongiaires des Acores. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I, Monaco, 25, 1 - 280, pls. 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61852", "Carter, H. J. (1876) Descriptions and figures of deep-sea sponges and their spicules, from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H. M. S. ' Porcupine', chiefly in 1869 (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 18 (105 - 108), 226 - 240; 307 - 324; 388 - 410; 458 - 479, pls. XII-XVI. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937608682078", "Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496, pls. 27 - 33.", "Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee provenant des croisieres du Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I, Monaco, 74, 1 - 376, pls. I-XI.", "Bergquist, P. R. (1967) Additions to the sponge fauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Micronesica, 3 (2), 159 - 174.", "de Laubenfels, M. W. (1957) New species and records of Hawaiian sponges. Pacific Science, 11 (2), 236 - 251.", "Cavalcanti, T., Santos, G. G. & Pinheiro, U. (2018) Description of three species of Eurypon Gray, 1867 (Raspailiidae: Demospongiae: Porifera) from the Western Atlantic and a name to replace the secondary homonym Eurypon topsenti. Zootaxa, 4388 (1), 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4388.1.6", "Topsent, E. (1936) Eponges observees dans les parages de Monaco. Deuxieme partie. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco, 686, 1 - 7.", "van Soest, R. W. M., Picton, B. E. & Morrow, C. (2000) Sponges of the North East Atlantic. In: World Biodiversity Database CD-ROM Series, Windows / Mac version 1.0. ETI, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam). Available from: http: // speciesidentification. org / species. php? species _ group = sponges & id = 104 & menuentry = soorten (accessed 24 March 2020)", "Burton, M. (1930) Additions to the sponge fauna at Plymouth. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 16 (2), 489 - 507. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400072891", "Carter, H. J. (1880) Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 6 (31), 35 - 61, pls. IV-VI + 129 - 156 + VII-VIII. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938009458893", "Thomas, P. A. (1985) Demospongiae of the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay. In: James, P. S. B. R. (Ed.), Recent Advances in Marine Biology. Today Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New Delhi, pp. 205 - 365.", "Bowerbank, J. S. (1875) Contributions to a general history of the Spongiadae. Part VII. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1875, 281 - 296.", "Fristedt, K. (1887) Sponges from the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and the Behring Sea. Vega-Expeditionens Vetenskap. Iakttagelser, Nordenskiold, 4, 401 - 471, pls 22 - 31.", "Burton, M. (1954) Sponges. In: The ' Rosaura' Expedition. Part 5. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 2 (6), pp. 215 - 239, pl. 9.", "Topsent, E. (1894) Application de la taxonomie actuelle a une collection de spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Guadeloupe decrite precedemment. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France, 7, 27 - 36.", "Hooper, J. N. A. (1996) Revision of Microcionidae (Porifera: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 40, 1 - 626. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 123914 page / 5 / mode / 1 up (accessed 15 February 2019)", "Uriz, M. J. (1988) Deep-water sponges from the continental shelf and slope off Namibia (Southwest Africa): Classses Hexactinellida and Demospongia. Monografias de Zoologia Marina, 3, 9 - 157.", "Sara, M. & Siribelli, L. (1960) La fauna di Poriferi delle ' secche' del Golfo di Napoli. 1. La ' secca' della Gaiola. Annuario dell'Istituto e Museo de Zoologia dell'Universita di Napoli, 12 (3), 1 - 93.", "Topsent, E. (1889) Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Pointe-a-Pitre. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France, 2, 30 - 52."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Recinos, Radharanne Pinheiro, Ulisses Willenz, Philippe Hajdu, Eduardo |
author_facet |
Recinos, Radharanne Pinheiro, Ulisses Willenz, Philippe Hajdu, Eduardo |
author_sort |
Recinos, Radharanne |
title |
Eurypon lacertus Recinos & Pinheiro & Willenz & Hajdu 2020, sp. nov. |
title_short |
Eurypon lacertus Recinos & Pinheiro & Willenz & Hajdu 2020, sp. nov. |
title_full |
Eurypon lacertus Recinos & Pinheiro & Willenz & Hajdu 2020, sp. nov. |
title_fullStr |
Eurypon lacertus Recinos & Pinheiro & Willenz & Hajdu 2020, sp. nov. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Eurypon lacertus Recinos & Pinheiro & Willenz & Hajdu 2020, sp. nov. |
title_sort |
eurypon lacertus recinos & pinheiro & willenz & hajdu 2020, sp. nov. |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3848056 https://zenodo.org/record/3848056 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(166.733,166.733,-72.550,-72.550) ENVELOPE(139.017,139.017,-69.367,-69.367) ENVELOPE(-81.566,-81.566,50.550,50.550) ENVELOPE(-62.050,-62.050,-63.283,-63.283) ENVELOPE(-60.767,-60.767,-62.450,-62.450) ENVELOPE(-61.833,-61.833,-63.750,-63.750) ENVELOPE(-61.589,-61.589,-64.331,-64.331) |
geographic |
Arctic Pacific Indian New Zealand Queensland Burton Charcot Morrow Hooker Lobos Afuera De Afuera |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Pacific Indian New Zealand Queensland Burton Charcot Morrow Hooker Lobos Afuera De Afuera |
genre |
Arctic North East Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Arctic North East Atlantic |
op_relation |
http://zenodo.org/record/3828771 http://publication.plazi.org/id/F246FFF29D22FF8BFFA1FF805234AA38 http://zoobank.org/4E26C6E8-2895-4D12-BB7B-E59F9E890532 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4778.3.5 http://zenodo.org/record/3828771 http://publication.plazi.org/id/F246FFF29D22FF8BFFA1FF805234AA38 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828775 http://zoobank.org/4E26C6E8-2895-4D12-BB7B-E59F9E890532 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3848055 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit |
op_rights |
Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3848056 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4778.3.5 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828775 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3848055 |
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spelling |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.3848056 2023-05-15T15:21:26+02:00 Eurypon lacertus Recinos & Pinheiro & Willenz & Hajdu 2020, sp. nov. Recinos, Radharanne Pinheiro, Ulisses Willenz, Philippe Hajdu, Eduardo 2020 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3848056 https://zenodo.org/record/3848056 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/3828771 http://publication.plazi.org/id/F246FFF29D22FF8BFFA1FF805234AA38 http://zoobank.org/4E26C6E8-2895-4D12-BB7B-E59F9E890532 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4778.3.5 http://zenodo.org/record/3828771 http://publication.plazi.org/id/F246FFF29D22FF8BFFA1FF805234AA38 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828775 http://zoobank.org/4E26C6E8-2895-4D12-BB7B-E59F9E890532 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3848055 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Poecilosclerida Raspailiidae Eurypon Eurypon lacertus Taxonomic treatment article-journal Text ScholarlyArticle 2020 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3848056 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4778.3.5 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828775 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3848055 2022-02-09T14:15:39Z Eurypon lacertus sp. nov. (Figure 2, Table 1) Type locality: Peru, Islote El Lagarto, Islas Lobos de Afuera archipelago, Lambayeque Region. Holotype. MNRJ 11334, Islote El Lagarto (approx. 6.93360° S– 80.70551° W), Islas Lobos de Afuera, Peru, 11 m depth, coll. Ph. Willenz & Y. Hooker (04/X/2007). Diagnosis. Encrusting sponge, with orange colour, ectosomal anisoxeas (339–607 / 4–9 µm), subectosomal tylostyles (1294–2100 / 13–25 µm) and echinating acanthostyles (54–112 / 6–13 µm). ...Continued on the next page ....Continued on the next page ....Continued on the next page ....Continued on the next page ....Continued on the next page Description (Fig. 2A). Thinly encrusting sponge, size 5 cm in its largest diameter, no thicker than 1 mm. Consistency soft and easily torn. Surface smooth, with barely visible subectosomal canals, converging to the few small, scattered, oscula (<1 mm diam). Colour orange in life, beige after preservation. Skeleton (Figs 2 B–C). Ectosomal skeleton with ectosomal anisoxeas forming plumose bouquets surrounding the subectosomal tylostyles, which markedly pierce the surface. Subectosomal and choanosomal skeletons overlapping, composed of typical hymedesmioid structure, consisting of a basal layer of spongin, with large tylostyles and small acanthostyles, both erect on the substrate. Some spicules appear scattered in the sponge, and many tylostyles lay parallel to, or flat on the substrate. Spicules (Figs 2 D–J). Ectosomal anisoxeas (339–488.4–607 / 4–6.3– 9 µm): smooth, irregularly curved or bent, blunt and acerate tips (Figs 2 G–I). Subectosomal tylostyles (1294–1705.1–2100 / 13–19.1– 25 µm): large, smooth, straight to slightly curved, tapering gradually, mucronate tips and round heads (Figs 2 D–F). Echinating acanthostyles (54–77.6–112 / 6–9.3– 13 µm): slender, straight, spined all over, spines conical or bent as hooks, with rounded tyle and acerate tips (Fig. 2J). Bathymetric distribution and ecology. The sponge was collected from a nearly vertical rocky substrate, near the coarse, biogenic sand bottom, at 11 m depth. Short red algae and thinly encrusting coralinaceous algae surrounded it. Distribution. Known only from its type locality, Islote El Lagarto, located at Islas Lobos de Afuera archipelago (Lambayeque). Etymology. The species name, lacertus (lizard in Latin), refers to the type locality of the species, Islote El Lagarto. Remarks. Table 1 contrasts micrometric data, as well as the geometry of spicules, and distribution of every known species of Eurypon to both of the new species described here, in addition to including taxonomic authorities. There are only seven species of Eurypon reported from Eastern and Central Pacific, all from shallow waters: E . brunum , E . debrumi , E . diversicolor , E . miniaceum , E . nigrum , E . patriciae , and E . tylospinosum . Eurypon lacertus sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners mainly by spicule features. The Central and Eastern Pacific Ocean species E. brunum , E . diversicolor , and E . patriciae have two categories of acanthostyles, and E. debrumi has none, in contrast to a single category in E. lacertus sp. nov. Two species have two categories of subectosomal tylostyles, E . miniaceum and E . nigrum , while E. lacertus sp. nov. has only one. The species closest to E. lacertus sp. nov. , both in morphological, as well as biogeographic aspects, appears to be E. tylospinosum from Mexico, but its ectosomal and subectosomal megascleres are much smaller and thinner (up to 460 / 2.5 μm and 575 / 15 μm vs 607 / 9 μm and 2100 / 25 μm in E. lacertus sp. nov. ). Following, the comparison is extended to species from other biogeographically more remote areas (Table 1, including taxonomic authorities). Ten species are differentiated from E. lacertus sp. nov. by the presence of two categories of acanthostyles. These include E . clavilectuarium , E . denisae , E . duoacanthostyla , E . gracile , E . incipiens , E . oxychaetum , E . potiguaris , E . suassunai , E . urizae , and E . verticillatum . Six additional species have subectosomal acanthostyles or strongyles, instead of the smooth tylostyles seen in E. lacertus sp. nov. These are E . hispidulum , E . inuisitatiacanthostyla , E . lamellatum , E . mixtum , E . mucronale , and E . scabiosum . In addition, E . inuisitatiacanthostyla , E . lamellatum , and E . mixtum lack ectosomal spicules of any sort. In the other three species, ectosomal spicules are of different morphology, viz. subtylostyles in E. hispidulum and E. scabiosum , and tornotes in E. mucronale . Acanthostyles are absent in another four species, which contrasts to their occurrence in E. lacertus sp. nov. Species without acanthostyles are E . lictor , E . spitzbergense , E . topsenti , and E . unispiculum . Six species have raphides or trichodragmas as microscleres, which were not found in E. lacertus sp. nov. These comprise E . cactoides , E . distyli , E . encrusta , E . graphidiophora , E . polyplumosum , and E . viride . Four species have much smaller subectosomal spicules than those of E. lacertus sp. nov. (up to 2100 μm), namely E . clavatella , E . fulvum , E . sessile , and E . spinularia (up to 470, 1500, 635 and 529 μm, respectively). Conversely, four species have larger acanthostyles: E . cinctum , E . hispidum , E . major , and E . simplex (acanthostyles up to 316, 352, 220 and 219 μm, respectively) in contrast to up to 112 µm in E. lacertus sp. nov. Eurypon hispidum and E . simplex further lack ectosomal megascleres. Other two species Eurypon lacazei and E . toureti have smaller acanthostyles (up to 80 and 60 μm vs 112 μm in E. lacertus sp. nov. ). Eurypon calypsoi has much thinner subectosomal tylostyles and ectosomal spicules (only up to 10 and 3 μm, respectively in contrast to up to 25 and 9 μm in E. lacertus sp. nov. ). Eurypon pulitzeri has larger subectosomal megascleres and acanthostyles (up to 2500 and 165 μm, respectively vs 2100 and 112 in E . lacertus sp. nov. ). Eurypon lacertus sp. nov. differs from E . clavigerum and E . vescicularis by its possession of ectosomal megascleres; and from E . obtusum , by the latter smaller and thinner ectosomal spicules (up to 430 / 3 μm vs 607 / 9 μm in E . lacertus sp. nov. ). Eurypon lacertus sp. nov. differs from E . coronula by the presence of stouter ectosomal styles (up to 9 μm vs 6 μm in E . coronula ), and from E . clavatum by the much thinner subectosomal tylostyles (only up to 13 μm vs 25 μm in E . lacertus sp. nov. ). Eurypon radiatum is rather distinct by its smaller ectosomal megascleres and larger acanthostyles (up to 350 and 400 μm in contrast to up to 607 and 112 μm in E . lacertus sp. nov. ). Finally, E . longispiculum has subectosomal megascleres with much more markedly pronounced heads according to Carter’s (1876) illustration, ectosomal styles instead of anisoxeas, and the single specimen ever found came from deeper than 600 m in the Boreal NE Atlantic, which compounds for a highly improbable hypothesis of cospecificity with E. lacertus sp. nov. : Published as part of Recinos, Radharanne, Pinheiro, Ulisses, Willenz, Philippe & Hajdu, Eduardo, 2020, Three new Raspailiidae Hentschel, 1923 (Axinellida, Demospongiae) from Peru, pp. 521-545 in Zootaxa 4778 (3) on pages 524-533, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3828771 : {"references": ["Burton, M. & Rao, H. S. (1932) Report on the shallow water marine sponges in the collection of the Indian Museum. Part I. 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