Eidophelus Eichhoff 1876

• Main Authors: Johnson, Andrew J., Hulcr, Jiri, Knížek, Miloš, Atkinson, Thomas H., Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I., Park, Sangwook, Li, You, Jordal, Bjarte H.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2020
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Eidophelus; Austral; Pacific; Indian; New Zealand; Brigham; Atkinson; Percy; Ostrova; Sladen; Stett; Gardiner; Antarc*; Antarctica; Sakhalin
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3847214; https://zenodo.org/record/3847214

Eidophelus Eichhoff, 1876: 200 (Figs. 23–26) Synonymy = Idophelus Rye, 1877: 362 (unavailable name). = Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878a: 388 syn. nov. = Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878a: 387 syn. nov. = Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878b: 501 syn. nov. = Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878b: 497 syn. nov. = Lepidocerus Rye, 1880: 103 syn. nov. = Cryphalomorphus Schaufuss, 1891: 12 syn. nov. = Letznerella Reitter, 1913: 68 syn. nov. = Ernoporides Hopkins, 1915: 34 syn. nov. = Hypothenoides Hopkins, 1915: 11 syn. nov. = Ptilopodius Hopkins, 1915: 11 syn. nov. = Ernoporicus Berger, 1917: 242 syn. nov. = Neocryphalus Eggers, 1922: 169 syn. nov. = Negritus Eggers, 1923a: 141 syn. nov. = Lepicerinus Hinton, 1936: 473 syn. nov. = Cylindrotomicus Eggers, 1936c: 633 syn. nov. (unavailable name). = Eocryphalus Kurentsov, 1941: 161 syn. nov. = Ernopocerus Balachowsky, 1949: 211 syn. nov. (unavailable name). = Ernoporoides Balachowsky, 1949: 201 syn. nov. (unavailable name). = Ernopocerus Wood, 1954: 986 syn. nov. = Phellodendrophagus Krivolutskaya, 1958: 107. = Cryphalophilus Schedl, 1970c: 358 syn. nov. = Xylocryptus Schedl, 1975a: 352 syn. nov. = Cryphalogenes Wood, 1980: 91 syn. nov. = Ernpocerus Wood, 1982: 858 syn. nov. (unavailable name). = Nigritus Wood and Bright, 1992: 858 syn. nov. (unavailable name). Type of genus Eidophelus imitans Eichhoff, 1876 Diagnosis Eidophelus can be diagnosed from superficially similar genera by the entire eye, by the lateral and basal margins of the pronotum marked by a carina, and by the antennal club which has a partial or absent septum, and by the proventriculus characters. Female Frons simple, convex. Eye oval shaped, rarely broadly emarginated. Antennae typically with four funicle segments. Antennal club large and flat, with a septum and sutures sometimes present. Pronotum sometimes with asperities on anterior margin. Pronotal summit rarely pronounced (i.e., protruding higher than most of the disc). Elytra with variable setae, from almost glabrous to dense scale-like or hair-like ground vestiture. Apex of elytra nearly or distinctly vertical. Mesocoxae separated, often much more than metacoxae. Metatibiae with denticles distributed over at least apical quarter. Proventriculus with apical plate shorter than rest of proventriculus (except Eidophelus darwini ), with rows of granules, occasionally less sclerotized around the median suture (i.e., appearing open). Crop with thick spines or granules, in sclerotized clusters. Male Typically indistinguishable externally from the female. Some members of this genus have a sexually dimorphic frons (Johnson, unpublished), highly enlarged mandibles, or males have featherlike setae on the protarsi. Penis apodemes are much shorter than penis body, fused at apex. Tegmen open dorsally, of a similar thickness to penis apodemes. Median tegminal apodeme present, typically hooked at apex. Spiculum gastrale of a similar thickness or thicker than penis apodemes, with a fork. Basal sclerites visible. Distribution Worldwide except Antarctica, but most diversity is in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and Europe. Remarks In total, 152 species known. An extraordinarily diverse genus. The morphological variation in this genus has led to the description of many genera based on a limited number of characters, particularly in the antennae. However, there are no distinct groupings based on morphological characters, and many of the current genera are polyphyletic or represent smaller clades nested within the genus. The genera Cryphalogenes , Ernoporicus , Ptilopodius , and Scolytogenes are, therefore, all considered synonyms of Eidophelus . Type material examined Holotype of Ernoporicus alniphagus Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype of Ernoporicus ater Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype and paratype of Ptilopodius bambusae Browne, 1983 (BMNH); 2 paratypes of Cryphalomorphus bangensis Eggers, 1927 (NHMW); holotype of Cryphalomorphus brimblecombei Schedl, 1972 (QM); holotype of Euptilius papuanus Browne, 1983 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalomorphus buruensis Eggers, 1926 (NHMW); holotype of Cryphalomorphus camelliae Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype of Cryphalomorphus candidus Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype (?) of Lepicerinus coccotrypanoides Schedl, 1939 (NHMW); syntype (?) of Lepicerinus coccotrypanoides Schedl, 1939 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalophilus concentralis Schedl, 1975 (NHMW); holotype of Margadillius concentralis Schedl, 1975 (NHMW); holotype of Cryphalomorphus confragosus Sampson, 1914 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalomorphus scolytomimoides Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); paratype of Ptilopodius dubiosus Wood, 1960 (USNM); holotype and paratype of Cryphalogenes euphorbiae Wood, 1980 (USNM); holotype and paratype of Cryphalogenes exiguus Wood, 1980 (USNM); holotype [potentially mislabeled or misplaced] of Hypothenemus expers Blandford, 1894 (BMNH); holotype of Lepicerinus fijianus Schedl, 1950 (NHMW); holotype of Ptilopodius formosanus Browne, 1981 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalomorphus fujisanus Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype of Cryphalomorphus fulgidus Schedl, 1975 (NHMW); holotype of Cryphalomorphus fulvipennis Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype of Cryphalophilus ater Schedl, 1971 (QM); paratype of Cryphalomorphus granulatus Wood, 1960 (USNM); holotype of Cryphalomorphus grossepunctatus Browne, 1974 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalomorphus hirtus Wood, 1974 (USNM); holotype of Cryphalomorphus hylesinopsis Schedl, 1975 (NHMW); holotype of Scolytogenes indicus Wood, 1989 (USNM); holotype of Hypothenemus inermis Browne, 1984 (BMNH); holotype of Hypothenemus insignis Browne, 1984 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalomorphus insularis Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype of Ericryphalus elongatus Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); lectotype of Ptilopodius javanus Schedl, 1942 (NHMW); paratype of Hemicryphalus kinabaluensis Bright, 1992 (MK collection); holotype of Cryphalomorphus leprosulus Browne, 1974 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalomorphus longipennis Eggers, 1936 (BMNH); paratype of Hemicryphalus minutus Bright, 1992 (MK collection); paratype of Cryphalomorphus nanulus Wood, 1960 (USNM); Two paratypes of Cryphalomorphus nubilus Wood, 1960 (USNM); Likely unlabeled holotype of Ptilopodius pacificus Schedl, 1941 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus parvus Browne, 1984 (BMNH); paratype of Hemicryphalus podocarpi Bright, 1992 (MK collection); holotype of Ptilopodius praeda Browne, 1978 (BMNH); holotype of Scolytogenes punctatulus Nobuchi, 1976 (ITLJ); holotype and paratype of Hypothenemus quadridens Browne, 1983 (BMNH); holotype and paratype of Cryphalomorphus rusticus Wood, 1974 (USNM); holotype and paratype of Cryphalomorphus setifer Wood, 1974 (USNM); holotype of Ptilopodius spirostachius Schedl, 1958 (BMNH); holotype of Lepicerinus squamosus Schedl, 1942 (NHMW); paratype of Hemicryphalus squamosus Bright, 1992 (MK collection); holotype of Cylindrotomicus squamulosus Eggers, 1936 (BMNH); holotype of Ptilopodius stephegynis Hopkins, 1915 (USNM); holotype of Ernoporicus takahashii Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype and paratype of Cryphalomorphus trucis Wood, 1974 (USNM). Included species Eidophelus absonus (Schedl, 1975a: 344) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus afer (Schedl, 1970c: 359) ( Cryphalophilus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus africanus (Schedl, 1977a: 396) ( Stephanorhopalus ) comb. nov. [ Ernoporicus ]. Eidophelus aitutakii (Beaver and Maddison, 1990: 1367) ( Ptilopodius ) comb. nov. [ Ptilopodius ]. Eidophelus alniphagus (Nobuchi, 1975: 43) ( Ernoporicus ) comb. nov. [ Ernoporicus ]. Eidophelus alstoniae Johnson nom. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. = Chiloxylon sumatranus Schedl, 1970c: 358 syn. nov. (secondary homonym). Remarks: A replacement name is proposed for Chiloxylon sumatranus Schedl, 1970c because the name is already occupied by Eidophelus sumatranus Schedl, 1961a. The replacement name is a noun in the genitive case, named after the host plant, described as ‘Pulai logs’ = Alstonia sp. Eidophelus alternans (Schedl, 1975a: 345) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus amanicus (Eggers, 1919: 239) ( Cryphalus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus ankius (Schedl, 1979c: 96) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus apicalis (Schedl, 1971c: 11) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus approximatus (Schedl, 1975a: 346) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus aspericollis (Eichhoff, 1878a: 388) ( Lepicerus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. = Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878b: 501 syn. nov. = Cryphalus stierlini Eggers, 1911: 121 syn. nov. (syn: Eggers, 1929c). Eidophelus ater (Eggers, 1923a: 142) ( Negritus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus australis (Schedl, 1942c: 175) ( Lepicerinus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus badius (Nobuchi, 1975: 44) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus bambusae (Browne, 1983b: 69) ( Ptilopodius ) comb. nov. [ Ptilopodius ]. Eidophelus bangensis (Eggers, 1927c: 75) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus basilaris (Wood, 1960: 30) ( Scolytogenes ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus birosimensis (Murayama, 1958: 935) ( Ernocryphalus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus borneensis Browne, 1984a: 153. Eidophelus braderi (Browne, 1965: 191) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. = Cryphalomorphus orientalis Schedl, 1971c: 11 (syn: Wood, 1992b). Eidophelus brighti Johnson nom. nov. [ Hemicryphalus ]. = Hemicryphalus minutus Bright, 1992: 187 syn. nov. Remarks: Hemicryphalus minutus Bright, 1992 is transferred to Eidophelus based on the eye shape, and shape of the pronotum. A replacement name for Hemicryphalus minutus Bright, 1992 is proposed because the name is already occupied by Eidophelus minutus Blandford, 1894b. The replacement name is a noun in the genitive case, honoring the original author. Eidophelus brimblecombei (Schedl, 1972a: 146) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus brownei Johnson nom. nov. [ Ernoporus ]. = Euptilius papuanus Browne, 1983b: 70 syn. nov. (secondary homonym). Remarks: Euptilius papuanus Browne, 1983b was previously recognized as a junior synonym of Ernoporus antennarius Schedl, 1974. This was likely a mistake since the two species differ greatly. Wood (1989) probably intended to synonymize Ernoporus antennarius Schedl, 1974 and Margadillius papuanus Schedl, 1973b. Subsequently, the release from synonymy and the transfer of Euptilius papuanus Browne, 1983b to Eidophelus requires a replacement name because the name is already occupied by Cryphalomorphus papuanus Schedl, 1974. The replacement name is a noun in the genitive case, honoring the original author. Eidophelus buruensis (Eggers, 1926a: 300) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus camelliae (Nobuchi, 1975: 45) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus candidus (Nobuchi, 1975: 47) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus capucinus (Schedl, 1971a: 283) ( Cryphalops ) comb. nov. [ Ernoporicus ]. Eidophelus caucasicus (Lindemann, 1877: 373) ( Ernoporus ) comb. nov. [ Ernoporicus ]. = Cryphalus schreineri Eichhoff, 1881: 185. Eidophelus ceylonicus (Schedl, 1959a: 475) ( Ptilopodius ) comb. nov. [ Ptilopodius ]. Eidophelus cicatricosus (Schedl, 1942c: 176) ( Lepicerinus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus coccotrypanoides (Schedl, 1939b: 343) ( Lepicerinus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus communis (Schaufuss, 1891: 12) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus concentralis (Schedl, 1975a: 342) ( Cryphalophilus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. = Margadillius concentralis Schedl, 1975a: 344 syn. nov. Eidophelus confragosus (Sampson, 1914: 386) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus corni (Kurentsov, 1941: 162) ( Hypothenemus ) comb. nov. [ Ernoporicus ]. Eidophelus corpulentus (Schedl, 1965a: 54) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus corrugatus (Schedl, 1950a: 19) ( Stephanorhopalus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus creber (Schedl, 1975a: 346) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus crenatus (Sampson, 1914: 385) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus cylindricus (Schedl, 1959a: 476) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus darwini (Eichhoff, 1878a: 387) ( Scolytogenes ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. = Scolytogenes darwinii Eichhoff, 1878b: 497 (syn: Alonso- Zarazaga and Lyal, 2009). = Negritus similis Eggers, 1923a: 142 (syn: Wood, 1985). = Negritus major Eggers, 1927c: 69 (syn: Wood, 1985). = Scolytogenes cryptolepis Schedl, 1951b: 55 (syn: Wood, 1985). = Cryphalomorphus scolytomimoides Nobuchi, 1975: 50. Eidophelus devius (Schedl, 1975c: 280) ( Cryphalophilus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus dubiosus (Wood, 1960: 19) ( Ptilopodius ) comb. nov. [ Ptilopodius ]. Eidophelus eggersi (Schedl, 1962e: 490) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. = Cryphalomorphus minor Eggers, 1927c: 76 (syn: Schedl, 1962e). Eidophelus euphorbiae (Wood, 1980: 91) ( Cryphalogenes ) comb. nov. [ Cryphalogenes ]. Eidophelus excellens (Schedl, 1979c: 97) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus exiguus (Wood, 1980: 92) ( Cryphalogenes ) comb. nov. [ Cryphalogenes ]. Eidophelus exilis (Yin, 2001: 327) ( Scolytogenes ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus eximius (Schedl, 1942d: 9) ( Erischidias ) comb. nov. [ Ernoporicus ]. Eidophelus expers (Blandford, 1894b: 85) ( Hypothenemus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus fagi (Fabricius, 1798: 157) ( Apate ) comb. nov. [ Ernoporicus ]. = Bostrichus serratus Panzer, 1795: 288. = Cryphalus (Ernoporus) thomsoni Ferrari, 1867: 14 (syn: Ferrari, 1869). Eidophelus fijianus (Schedl, 1950b: 42) ( Lepicerinus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus formosanus (Browne, 1981: 129) ( Ptilopodius ) comb. nov. [ Ptilopodius ]. Eidophelus fugax (Schedl, 1975a: 347) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus fujisanus (Nobuchi, 1975: 46) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus fulgens (Schedl, 1975a: 348) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus fulgidus (Schedl, 1975a: 348) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus fulvipennis (Nobuchi, 1975: 47) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus furvus Johnson nom. nov. [ Ptilopodius ]. = Cryphalophilus ater Schedl, 1972a: 146 syn. nov. (secondary homonym). Remarks: A replacement name is proposed for Cryphalophilus ater Schedl, 1972a because the name is already occupied by Negritus ater Eggers, 1923a. The replacement name is an ajective, maintaining the meaning of the original name, meaning black, dark or obscure. Eidophelus ghanaensis (Schedl, 1977b: 281) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus glabratus (Yin, 2001: 330) ( Scolytogenes ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus gracilis (Schedl, 1950b: 44) ( Lepicerinus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus granulatus (Wood, 1960: 31) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus grobleri (Schedl, 1962b: 68) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus hirtus (Wood, 1974a: 18) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus hobohmi (Schedl, 1955c: 215) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus hylesinopsis (Schedl, 1975a: 349) ( Cryphalomorphus ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus imitans Eichhoff, 1876: 150. = Phellodendrophagus elegans Krivolutskaya, 1958: 150 (syn: Wood, 1989). = Ptilopodius nitidus Schedl, 1959a: 475 (syn: Wood, 1989). Eidophelus incultus (Yin, 2001: 325) ( Scolytogenes ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus indicus (Wood, 1989: 184) ( Scolytogenes ) comb. nov. [ Scolytogenes ]. Eidophelus inermis (Browne, 1984d: 94) ( Hypothenemus ) comb. nov. [ Hypothenemus ]. : Published as part of Johnson, Andrew J., Hulcr, Jiri, Knížek, Miloš, Atkinson, Thomas H., Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I., Park, Sangwook, Li, You & Jordal, Bjarte H., 2020, Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-81 in Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (3) on pages 47-55, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixaa002, http://zenodo.org/record/3826789 : {"references": ["Eichhoff, W. J. 1876. Felicien Chapuis et W Eichhoff, Scolytides recueillis au Japan par M C Lewis. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Bel. 18: 195 - 203.", "Rye, E. C. 1877. Insecta. Coleoptera, pp. 271 - 382. In Rye, E. C. (eds.), The Zoological Record for 1875; being the volume twelfth of the Record of Zoological Literature. John van Voorst, London, UK.", "Eichhoff, W. J. 1878 a. Neue oder noch unbeschriebene Tomicinen. Stett. Ent. Zeit. 39: 383 - 392.", "Eichhoff, W. J. 1878 b. Ratio, descriptio, emendatio eorum Tomicinorum qui sunt in Dr medic. Chapuisii et autoris ipsius collectionibus et quos praeterea recognovit scriptor. Mem. Soc. Entomol. Liege, Serie 2 e. 8: 1 - 531, pl. I-V.", "Rye, E. C. 1880. Coleoptera, pp. 1 - 121. In Rye, E. C. (eds.), The Zoological Record for 1878; being the volume fifteen of the Record of Zoological Literature John van Voorst, London, UK.", "Schaufuss, C. F. C. 1891. Beitrag zur Kaferfauna Madagascars II. Tijdschr. Entomol. 34: 1 - 36, 1 pls.", "Reitter, E. 1913. Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Borkenkafer (Scolytidae) aus Europa und den angrenzenden Landern. Wiener Entomol. Ztg. 32, Beiheft: 1 - 116.", "Hopkins, A. D. 1915. Classification of the Cryphalinae, with descriptions of new genera and species. United States Department of Agriculture, Report No. 99. Government Printing Office, Washington, New Zealand. 75 pp, 4 pls.", "Berger, V. M. 1917. Koroedy Yuzhno-Ussuriiskago Kraya [Les Scolytiens de la province d'Oussourie du Sud]. Rev. Russe Entomol. 16: 226 - 248.", "Eggers, H. 1922. Neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus Afrika. (Nachtrag I). Entomol. Blat. 18: 163 - 174.", "Eggers, H. 1923 a. Neue indomalayische Borkenkafer (Ipidae). Zool. Meded. 7: 129 - 220.", "Hinton, H. E. 1936. Lepiceridae-a new name for the Cyathoceridae. Lepicerinus - a new name for the Scolytid genus Lepicerus Eichh. (Coleoptera). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 10). 17: 472 - 473.", "Eggers, H. 1936 c. Neue Borkenkafer (Scolytidae, Col) aus Indien. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 10). 17: 626 - 636.", "Kurentsov, A. I. 1941. Koroedy Dalnego Vostoka SSSR [Bark-beetles of the Far East, USSR]. Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva, Leningrad [Saint Petersburg], Russia. 234 pp.", "Balachowsky, A. S. 1949. Faune de France 50 Coleopteres: Scolytides. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France. 320 pp.", "Wood, S. L. 1954. A revision of North American Cryphalini (Scolytidae, Coleoptera). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 36: 959 - 1089.", "Krivolutskaya, G. O. 1958. Koroedy ostrova Sakhalina [Bark beetles of Sakhalin Island]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moskva, Leningrad [Saint Petersburg], Russia. 195 pp.", "Schedl, K. E. 1970 c. Bark-beetles and pin-hole borers (Scolytidae and Platypodidae) intercepted from imported logs in Japanese ports, IV. 274. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Kontyu. 38: 353 - 370.", "Schedl, K. E. 1975 a. New Scolytidae and Platypodidae from Papua and New Guinea, IV. 317. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien. 79: 337 - 399.", "Wood, S. L. 1980. New genera and new generic synonymy in Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Nat. 40: 89 - 97.", "Wood, S. L. 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Nat. Mem. 6: 1 - 1359.", "Wood, S. L., and D. E. Bright. 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: taxonomic Index. Vols. A and B. Brigham Young University. Great Basin Nat. Mem. 13: 1 - 1553.", "Nobuchi, A. 1975. Studies on Scolytidae XIII. Twenty-one new species of Cryphalini from Japan (Coleoptera). Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Station. 277: 41 - 60, 2 pls.", "Sampson, F. W. 1914. The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr J. Stanley Gardiner, M. A. XVIII. Coleoptera; Platypodidae and Ipidae from the Seychelles Islands. Trans. Linn. Soc. London. 16: 379 - 391.", "Wood, S. L. 1960. Insects of micronesia. Coleoptera: platypodidae and scolytidae. Insect. Micronesia. 18: 1 - 73.", "Browne, F. G. 1981. Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae and Platypodidae) intercepted at Japanese ports, with descriptions of new species, V. Kontyu. 49: 125 - 136.", "Browne, F. G. 1974. A summary of the scolytid fauna (Coleoptera) of Fiji, with some new species. Commonw. For. Rev. 53: 63 - 71.", "Wood, S. L. 1989. Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera), part IV. Great Basin Nat. 49: 167 - 185.", "Bright, D. E. 1992. Synopsis of the genus Hemicryphalus Schedl with descriptions of four new species from Borneo (Scolytidae). Koleopterol. Rundsch. 62: 183 - 190.", "Browne, F. G. 1978. [New taxa]. In Beaver, R. A. and F. G. Browne. 1978. The Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Penang, Malaysia. Orient. Insects. 12: 575 - 624.", "Nobuchi, A. 1976. New name for a Japanese bark beetle (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Kontyu. 44: 72.", "Schedl, K. E. 1977 a. Scolytidae aus Sud- und Sudwestafrika. Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 28: 394 - 398.", "Beaver, R. A., and P. A. Maddison. 1990. The bark and ambrosia beetles of the Cook Islands and Niue (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae). J. Nat. Hist. 24: 1365 - 1375.", "Schedl, K. E. 1961 a. Borken- und Ambrosiakafer Indonesiens. 191. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Entomol. Berichten. 21: 69 - 75.", "Eggers, H. 1919. 60 neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, nebst zehn neuen Gattungen, zwei Abarten. Entomol. Blat. 15: 229 - 243.", "Schedl, K. E. 1979 c. New Scolytidae and Platypodidae from Papua New Guinea, V (Coleoptera). 311. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Faun. Abh. 7: 95 - 120.", "Schedl, K. E. 1971 c. Neue Scolytidae und Platypodidae aus Afrika. 278. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Opusc. Entomol. 11: 91 - 18.", "Eggers, H. 1911. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Borkenkafer (Schluss). Entomol. Blat. 7: 73 - 76, 119 - 123.", "Eggers, H. 1929 c. Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer (Ipidae, Col), I. Wiener Entomol. Ztg. 46: 41 - 55.", "Schedl, K. E. 1942 c. Interessante und neue Scolytiden und Platypodiden aus der australischen Region. 79. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Mitt. Munch. Entomol. Ges. 32: 162 - 201.", "Browne, F. G. 1983 b. Some new species of Platypodidae and Scolytidae from Papua New Guinea. South Pacific J. Nat. Sci. 4: 55 - 75.", "Eggers, H. 1927 c. Neue Indo-Malayische Borkenkafer (Ipidae), II. Nachtrag. Philipp. J. Sci. 33: 67 - 108.", "Murayama, J. 1958. Studies in the scolytid-fauna of the northern half of the Far East, IV: new genera and new species. Bull. Fac. Agric. Yamaguti Univ. 9: 927 - 936.", "Browne, F. G. 1984 a. Bark beetles and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae and Platypodidae) intercepted at Japanese ports, with descriptions of new species, VIII. Kontyu. 52: 150 - 158.", "Browne, F. G. 1965. On some Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), mainly from Africa and the Oriental region. Zool. Meded. 40: 187 - 209.", "Wood, S. L. 1992 b. Nomenclatural changes and new species of Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera), part II. Great Basin Nat. 52: 78 - 88.", "Blandford, W. F. H. 1894 b. The rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. Part III. Scolytidae. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1894: 53 - 141.", "Schedl, K. E. 1972 a. Bark and timber beetles from Australia (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae). J. Austral. Entomol. Soc. 11: 143 - 149.", "Schedl, K. E. 1974. New Scolytidae and Platypodidae from the Papuan subregion and New Caledonia, III. 302. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien. 78: 457 - 472.", "Schedl, K. E. 1973 b. New Scolytidae and Platypodidae from the Papuan subregion. 299. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Papua New Guinea Agric. J. 24: 87 - 97.", "Eggers, H. 1926 a. Fauna Buruana Coleoptera, Fam. Ipidae. Treubia. 72: 99 - 301.", "Schedl, K. E. 1971 a. Coleoptera: scolytidae and Platypodidae from Ceylon. 266 th Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Report No 18 from the Lund University Ceylon Expedition in 1962 (Per Brinck, Hugo Andersson, Lennart Cederholm). Entomol. Scand. Suppl. 1. 1: 274 - 285.", "Lindemann, K. 1877. Monographie der Borkenkaefer Russlands. Die Cryphaloiden Tomiciden. [Cont.]. Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscou. 51: 148 - 169.", "Eichhoff, W. J. 1881. Die Europaischen Borkenkafer fur Forstleute, Baumzuchter und Entomologen. Julius Springer, Berlin, Germany. viii + 315 p., 110 figs.", "Schedl, K. E. 1959 a. A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 111: 469 - 534.", "Schedl, K. E. 1939 b. Malaysian Scolytidae and Platypodidae, IV. 57 th Contribution. J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 18: 327 - 364.", "Schedl, K. E. 1965 a. Fauna Madagascariensis, VI. 232. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Reichenbach. Dresden. 5: 51 - 85.", "Schedl, K. E. 1950 a. Fauna Aethiopica, III. (103. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg. 26: 1 - 36.", "Wood, S. L. 1985. New synonymy and new species of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Great Basin Nat. 45: 266 - 275.", "Schedl, K. E. 1951 b. Fauna Indo-malayaensis I. 91. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Tijdschr. Entomol. 93: 41 - 98.", "Schedl, K. E. 1975 c. South African bark and timber beetles, 3. 297. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Ann. Transvaal Mus. 29: 275 - 281.", "Schedl, K. E. 1962 e. Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer, VIII. 205. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Beitr. Entomol .. 12: 485 - 494.", "Yin, H. 2001. The Chinese Scolytogenes Eichhoff with descriptions of seven new species (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Orient. Insects. 35: 321 - 334.", "Schedl, K. E. 1942 d. Neue Scolytidae aus Java. 76. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Tijdschr. Entomol. 85: 1 - 49.", "Fabricius, J. C. 1798. Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Apud Proft et Storch, Hafniae [Copenhagen], Denmark. [2] + 572 pp.", "Panzer, G. W. F. 1795. Deutschlands Insectenfaune oder entomologisches Taschenbuch fur das Iahr 1795. Entomologica Germanica exhibens insecta per Germaniam indigena secundum classes, ordines, genre, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus. I. Eleuterata. Cum Tabulis Aeneis. Apud Felseckeri haeredes, Norimbergae [Nuremberg], Germany. 8 unn. pp, [Vorbericht] + 12 pl. + [24 unn. pp.] + 372 pp.", "Ferrari, J. A. 1867. Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschadlichen Borkenkafer (Tomicides Lac.) aus der Familie der Holzverderber (Scolytides Lac.), mit besonderer Berucksichtigung vorzuglich der Europaischen Formen, und der Sammlung des k. k. zoologischen Kabinetes in Wien. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien, Austria. 2 + 96 pp.", "Ferrari, J. A. 1869. Nachtrage, Berichtigungen und Aufklarungen uber zweifelhaft gebliebene Arten in: \" Die forst- und baumzuchtschadlichen Borkenkafer (Tomicides Lac.) \" etc. Berl. Entomol. Z. 12: 251 - 258.", "Schedl, K. E. 1950 b. Fauna Fijiana (Scolytoidea). 94. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 20: 35 - 54.", "Schedl, K. E. 1977 b. Scolytidae und Platypodidae des Ungarischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Museums, II (Coleoptera). 330. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Faun. Abh. 6: 277 - 285.", "Schedl, K. E. 1962 b. On some African bark and timber beetles. 195. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Rep. West African Timber Borer Res. Unit. 5: 57 - 74.", "Wood, S. L. 1974 a. New species of American bark beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera). Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull. Biol. Ser. 19: 1 - 73.", "Schedl, K. E. 1955 c. New records and new species of Scolytoidea from Africa. 147. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 12). 8: 211 - 220.", "Browne, F. G. 1984 d. More new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Papua New Guinea. South Pacific J. Nat. Sci. 6: 86 - 102.", "Krivolutskaya, G. O. 1968. Novye vidy koroedov (Coleoptera, Ipidae) s Kyrilskikh ostrovov [New species of bark beetles (Coleoptera, Ipidae) from Kurile Islands], pp. 50 - 61. In A. I. Kurentsov, and Z. A. Konoralova. 1968. Fauna i Ekologiya Nasekomykh Dalnevo Vostoka [The insect fauna of the Soviet Far East and its ecology]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Vladivostok, Russia. 173 pp.", "Mandelshtam, M. Y. 2006. New synonymies and new combinations in Scolytidae from the Kuril Archipelago and continental territories of the Russian Far East (Coleoptera). Zoosyst. Ross. 15: 323 - 325.", "Letzner, K. W. 1849. Bostrichus Jalappae [p. 99.]. In Bericht uber die Arbeiten der Entomologischen Sektion im Jahre 1848. Uebers. Arb. Verand. Schles. Gesellsch. Vaterl. Kultur (Breslau). 1849: 89 - 111.", "Wood, S. L. 1966. New synonymy in the Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Nat. 26: 17 - 33.", "Wood, S. L. 2007. Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Brigham Young University, M. L. Bean Life Science Museum, Provo, UT, USA. 900 pp.", "Sampson, F. W. 1918. A new scolytid injurious to dried sweet potatoes in Jamaica. Bull. Entomol. Res. 8: 295.", "Schedl, K. E. 1951 e. Neotropische Scolytoidea IV. 112. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoiden. Dusenia. 2: 71 - 130.", "Wood, S. L. 1977 b. New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part V. Great Basin Nat. 37: 383 - 394.", "Schedl, K. E. 1952 c. Neotropische Scolytoidea, III. 110. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoiden. Dusenia. 3: 343 - 366.", "Schedl, K. E. 1976. Neotropische Scolytoidea, XIII. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierk. Dresden. 41: 49 - 92.", "Schedl, K. E. 1961 b. Fauna Madagascariensis, IV. 188. Contribution a la morphologie et a la systematique des Coleopteres Scolytoidea. Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Ser. E. 12: 127 - 170.", "Eggers, H. 1936 a. Entomological expedition to Abyssinia, 1926 - 1927; Coleoptera, Scolytidae, with a supplement on Platypodidae by H. Scott. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 10). 18: 28 - 33.", "Schedl, K. E. 1941 b. 77 th Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Proc. Hawaii. Entomol. Soc. 11: 109 - 116.", "Beeson, C. F. C. 1935 a. Scolytidae of the Marquesas. Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 142: 101 - 114.", "Schedl, K. E. 1951 d. Fauna Samoana (Scolytoidea), I. 109. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus .. 20: 131 - 156.", "Beaver, R. A. 1991. New synonymy and taxonomic changes in Pacific Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Ann. Nat. Hist. Mus. Wien Ser. B Bot. Zool. 92 (B): 87 - 97.", "Eggers, H. 1927 b. Neue Indomalayische Borkenkafer (Ipidae), I. Nachtrag. Treubia. 9: 390 - 408.", "Schedl, K. E. 1962 a. Borken- und Ambrosiakafer aus Hinterindien. 207. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Verh. Nat. Gesell. Basel. 73: 184 - 193.", "Schedl, K. E. 1943. Fauna Philippinensis, VII. 78. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Entomol. Blat. 39: 34 - 41.", "Schedl, K. E. 1965 b. Forstentomologische Beitrag aus Madagascar. Z. Angew. Entomol. 55: 276 - 287.", "Schedl, K. E. 1965 c. Interessante und neue Scolytoidea aus Afrika. 244. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Rev. Entomol. Mocamb. 8: 349 - 379.", "Schedl, K. E. 1941 a. Neue afrikanische Gattungen und Arten. 72. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea). Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 34: 379 - 424.", "Schedl, K. E. 1965 d. New bark and timber beetles forwarded by the Commonwealth Institute of Entomology. 200. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Novos Taxa Entomol. (Suplemento a Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique). 38: 1 - 15.", "Browne, F. G. 1973. Some Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from tropical Africa. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr .. 87: 279 - 297.", "Schedl, K. E. 1967 a. Bark-beetles and pin-hole borers (Scolytidae) intercepted from imported logs and seeds in Japanese ports, II. 245. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Kontyu. 35: 119 - 129.", "Schedl, K. E. 1957 b. Scolytoidea nouveaux du Congo Belge. II. Mission R. Mayne - K. E. Schedl 1952. Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, Serie 8 \u00b0, Sci. Zool. 56: 1 - 162.", "Choo, H. Y. and K. S. Woo. 1989. Four new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Korea. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 28: 57 - 60.", "Schedl, K. E. 1977 c. Some new bark beetles from the Indomalayan region. 332. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Orient. Insects. 11: 490 - 504.", "Schedl, K. E. 1980. Zur synonymie der Borkenkafer, XXVIII. 339. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Z. Arb. Osterr. Entomol. 31: 117 - 124.", "Beeson, C. F. C. 1935 b. Platypodidae and Scolytidae of the Society Islands. Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 142: 115 - 121.", "Schedl, K. E. 1955 b. Borken- und Ambrosiakafer aus Italienisch-Ostafrika. 151. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Atti Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Trieste. 20: 30 - 34.", "Schedl, K. E. 1972 b. Bark and timber beetles of the Pacific Islands. 282. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. N. Z. J. Sci. 15: 265 - 272.", "Schedl, K. E. 1958 a. A few new African Scolytidae in the British Museum. 168. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 13). 1: 557 - 560.", "Schedl, K. E. 1969. Indian bark and timber beetles, V. 217. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Orient. Insects. 3: 47 - 70.", "Lea, A. M. 1910. On Australian and Tasmanian Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species Part I. Proc. R. Soc. Vic. New Series. 22: 113 - 152, pl. 30.", "Schedl, K. E. 1971 b. Indomalayan bark and timber beetles. 273. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Orient. Insects. 5: 361 - 399.", "Schedl, K. E. 1953 c. Fauna Madagascariensis - III. 125. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Serie E. 3: 67 - 106."]}