Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) clavata Ridley & Dendy 1886
Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) clavata Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Figures 18 & 19, Tables 10 & 11 Chondrocladia clavata Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 345; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 100, Pl. XX, Figs. 1, 1a, Pl. XXI, Fig. 11; Burton, 1929: 431; Koltun, 1964: 38; Lévi, 1964: 76, Fig. 26, Pl. IV(d); B...
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Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846404 https://zenodo.org/record/3846404 |
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Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Poecilosclerida Cladorhizidae Chondrocladia Chondrocladia clavata |
spellingShingle |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Poecilosclerida Cladorhizidae Chondrocladia Chondrocladia clavata Ekins, Merrick Erpenbeck, Dirk Hooper, John N. A. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) clavata Ridley & Dendy 1886 |
topic_facet |
Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Poecilosclerida Cladorhizidae Chondrocladia Chondrocladia clavata |
description |
Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) clavata Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Figures 18 & 19, Tables 10 & 11 Chondrocladia clavata Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 345; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 100, Pl. XX, Figs. 1, 1a, Pl. XXI, Fig. 11; Burton, 1929: 431; Koltun, 1964: 38; Lévi, 1964: 76, Fig. 26, Pl. IV(d); Bergquist, 1972: 125, Figs. 1–3. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) clavata: Dressler-Allame et al., 2017: 195, Fig. 7 Material examined : Holotype: NHMUK 1887.5.2.169, Kandavu, Fiji, Station 174, 19° 6’ 00” S, 178° 14’ 20” E, 256 m, Coll. H.M.S. Challenger , 2 specimens, 3/viii/1874. Other material: QM G337490 off Jervis Bay, News South Wales, Australia, 35° 19’ 58.8”– 35° 19’ 55.2” S, 151° 15’ 28.9”– 151° 12’ 50.4” E, 2650– 2636 m, Beam Trawl, Coll. Merrick Ekins on RV Investigator , Cruise IN2017_ V03, Sample 56-250, 20 specimens, 29/v/2017. QM G337491 same collection details as QM G337490, Sample 56-252, 4 specimens. QM G337500 off Hunter Valley, News South Wales, Australia, 32° 28’ 44.4”– 32° 30’ 25.1” S, 152° 59’ 38.4”– 152° 59’ 27.6” E, 1006–1036 m, Beam Trawl, Coll. Merrick Ekins on RV Investigator , Cruise IN2017_ V03, Sample 69-247, 2 specimens, 3/vi/2017. QM G337508 Central Eastern Commonwealth Marine Reserve, News South Wales, Australia, 30° 5’ 51.7”– 30° 7’ 9.5” S, 153° 53’ 55.3”– 153° 52’ 28.2” E, 2429–2518 m, Beam Trawl, Coll. Merrick Ekins on RV Investigator , Cruise IN2017_ V03, Sample 86-187, 1 specimen, 5/vi/2017. SAMA S313, Southern Ocean, off Enderby Land, Antarctica, BANZARE Station 41, 65° 48’ S, 53° 16’ E, 193 m, Large Monegasque Trawl, Coll. BANZARE, 24/i/1930. SAMA S3575, same collection details as SAMA S313. NHMUK 1926.10.26.152a, Off Glacier Tongue, about 8 miles north of Hut Point, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, Terra Nova Station 316, 77° 45’ S, 166° 24’ E, 348–457 m, Agassiz Trawl, Coll. RV Terra Nova , 9/ii/1911. NHMUK 1926.10.26.153a, same collection details as NHMUK 1926.10.26.152a. NHMUK 1926.10.26.154a, 5 miles north of Inaccessible Island, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, Terra Nova Station 314, 77° 36’ S, 166° 12’ E, 406–441 m, Agassiz Trawl, Coll. RV Terra Nova , 23/i/1911. Distribution : This species has been recorded from many locations in the Southern hemisphere including: Fiji (Ridley & Dendy 1886, 1887), Antarctica (Burton 1929; Koltun 1964, Dressler-Allame et al. 2017), Madagascar (Lévi 1964), New Zealand (Bergquist 1972, Kelly et al. 2009), and Eastern Australia (present study), bathyal depth. Description: Growth form : An erect pedunculate ‘crinorhiza’ form sponge with a subspherical body bearing long tentacular processes, supported by a long thin stem, terminating in long bifurcated root-like anchor processes. The body often has an apical nipple, or tuft of mycalostyles (Figure 18 B). Specimens range from 40–44 mm long, with subspherical body 6–9 mm diameter, tentacular process 9–26 mm long, 0.2–0.6 mm diameter, the stem is a tapering cone 1.5–7 mm in diameter and 3–9 mm in length, basal root processes 16–27 mm long, 0.2–0.5 mm diameter. Antarctic specimen SAMA S313 is a maximum of 56 mm long, with subspherical body 16 mm diameter, tentacular process 11 mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm diameter, the stem is 1mm in diameter and 35 mm in length, and has no basal root processes. Another Antarctic specimen SAMA S3575 has a total length of 26 mm, with the stem 18 mm in length and 1 mm in diameter, a subspherical body of 18 mm in diameter, also with no basal root processes. The remainder of the tentacular processes are only a maximum of 1.5 mm in length. This species has been well described by previous authors and matches with previous descriptions. Colour : Light brown with white stalk, light yellow to tan with ectosome removed. Ectosomal skeleton : The ectosome consists of a crust of isochelae and sigmas (Figures 19 A–D). In the body of the sponge this is penetrated by the smaller mycalostyles from the ectosome producing the hispid surface (Figure 19 B). Endosomal skeleton : The endosome in the body consists of the radially orientated bundles of large mycalostyles that form the filaments. Subectosomally there is a confused predominantly radial assortment of the smaller mycalostyles penetrating through the ectosome to the surface. The endosome also contains the isochelae and the sigmas (Figure 19 A). The endosome of the filaments consists of the parallel mycalostyles in an extremely well organised bundle (Figure 19 C–D). The endoosome of the stem and root processes also consist of a tightly bound longitudinally orientated mycalostyles. Megascleres: Styles in two categories, large mycalostyles (916– 2820 x 20 –50 µm), and thinner supporting styles (387– 1190 x 5–19 µm), (see Table 11). The large mycalostyles occur in the stem, the body and the filaments. The smaller styles occur mainly in the body radially orientated and penetrating the ectosome producing the hispid surface of the body, but also occur in the filaments and the stem and roots. These styles could also be described as a continuous range of the one type, as was probably done in the original description. Microscleres : Tridentate unguiferate anchorate isochelae (20–65 x 2–7 µm) in two sizes, but with intermediate sizes, and sigmas (39–75 x 1.5–3 µm) (see Table 11). 80–120 x 2–5Axis with tightly bound bundles of styles forming the stem, roots and filaments.Styles 1, 1030–2970 x 19.2–53.4 Styles 2, 372–1490 x 7.0–20.0undifferentiatedundifferentiated Tridentate unguiferate isochelae 49.8–65.8 x 2.4–6.535.9–63.1 x 1.2–3.0absentOff Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, abyssal .....Continued on the next page absentsigmas 38–57Off N Brazil, N Atlantic, abyssal .....Continued on the next pageabsentsigmas 96–160 (sigmas 96–160) [sigmas 1, 89-(110)-143 sigmas 2, 44-60-75] {sigmas 1, 80–105 x 3 sigmas 2, 25–55 x 2–3}Antarctica, bathyal-abyssal .....Continued on the next page10Axis with longitudinal multispicular bundles of larger mycalostyles and smaller mycalostylesMycalostyles 1, 2000–2100 x 40–45 Mycalostyles 2, 600–750 x 15–18undifferentiatedunknownMultidentate (up to 7) unguiferate isochelae 1, 65–70 x 6–9 Tridentate unguiferate isochelae 2, 28–32 x 3–4absentabsentKermadec Trench, bathyal .....Continued on the next pageundifferentiatedundifferentiated Tridentate unguiferate isochelae 57 (43–70 x 4–9) {30–55} [20–65 x 2–7] ((27–60 x–6))absentsigmas 44 (32–58) {1, 40 2, 75 x 3} [50–75 x 1.5–3] ((35–40))E Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, RossSea, Madagascar, Antarctica, mesophotic- abyssal .....Continued on the next page100–150Main skeleton of stem and filaments with a core of longitudinal tightly packed mycalostyles, outer surface of stem and top part with subtylostylesmycalostyles 1430– 2104 x 27–52 subtylostyles 488–948 x 10–28undifferentiatedundifferentiated Anchorate isochelae 1, 41–60 Anchorate isochelae 2, 21–32 Anchorate isochelae 3, 15–2034–49absentNorthwest Guam Seamount, Marianas, NE Pacific, bathyal .....Continued on the next page7–22 x 1–1.5Axial skeleton cored by dense longitudinal bundles of mycalostyles echinated by smaller subtylostylesmycalostyles 1700 x 32 subtylostyles 800–850 x 25–29undifferentiatedunknownQuadrodentate uniguiferate isochelae 45–50 x 2absentabsentSeychelles, bathyal-abyssal .....Continued on the next page 20–26 x 0.5Not describedMycalostyles 650–850 x 15–20 Subtylostyles 550 x 13–14undifferentiated unknownTridentate unguiferate isochelae 40 x 3absentsigmas present, size unknownSeychelles, abyssal .....Continued on the next page absent(sigmas 52–66 x 2–4)NW of Cap Finisterre (Galice), & Angola Basin, SE Atlantic, abyssal .....Continued on the next page 500Axis of stem with parallel bundles of large mycalostyles (1), with a thick cover of rugose tylostyles (2) arranged in a dense irregular feltwork, body and secondary branches with a rugose coating of styles smaller (3), swellings with confused smaller fusiform stylesMycalostyles 1, 700–4750 × 15–75 Rugose tylostyles 2, 300–535 × 5–6Mycalostyles (3) 510–580 × 17–30unknownMultidentate (6) unguiferate isochelae 1, 123–140 x 6–7 Multidentate isochelae 2, 20–32 x 2absentsigmas 45–120 × 2–3East Pacific Rise, bathyal .....Continued on the next page Styles 900–2000 x 20–35undifferentiatedundifferentiated Multidentate (4–5 alae) unguiferate isochelae (size unknown)absentabsentOff Kushiro & Miyako, Japan, mesophotic .....Continued on the next pageundifferentiated Tridentate unguiferate isochelae 1, 38–51 Isochelae 2, 19–26absentabsentKerguelen- Heard Plateau, subantarctic, esophotic .....Continued on the next pageStyles 1, 1400–1550 x 28–30 Styles 2, 700–900 x 20–22undifferentiatedunknownTridentate isochelae 88–90120–140absentOff New Caledonia, bathyal .....Continued on the next page Styles 1098–1424 x 25–43undifferentiatedunknownMultidentate (4–5 alae) unguiferate isochelae 74–85absentSigmas 1, 45-(47)-49 Sigmas 2, 66-(73)-89Sars Seamount, Drake Passage, S America, mesophotic .....Continued on the next page 90 x 13“skeleton is typical, with a layer of peripheral styles”Styles 1, 1400–2500 x 20–30 Styles 2, 700–850 x 12–20undifferentiated undifferentiated Tridentate unguiferate isochelae 50–58 x 10absentabsentOff New Caledonia, bathyal .....Continued on the next page(Mycalostyles 728-(1606)-2815 x 13-(27)-38 Mycalostyles 2, 420-(589)-1240 x 9-(15)-27 Acanthostyles 192-(310)-500)(undifferentiated) unknown(Multidentate (6–7 alae) unguiferate isochelae 1, 41-(65)-78 Multidentate (5–6) isochelae 2, 13-(18)-34absentsigmas 16-(20)-27Caribbean, meso- photic-bathyal .....Continued on the next page220Axis of stem with twisted spiral longitudinal bundles of styles, axis of filaments with bundles of larger styles perpendicular to the body, basal disk and outer sheath of stem with acanthostylesStyles 750–2800 x 18–50 Acantho(subtylo) styles 285–455 x 4–5undifferentiated undifferentiatedMultidentate (5 alae) unguiferate isochelae 90–100 x 645–55 x 2–3sigmas 22–25 x 1–5Sagami Bay, Japan, mesophotic .....Continued on the next page .....Continued on the next page .....Continued on the next page Mycalostyles 1, 1000–1700 x 15–40 Mycalostyles 2, 340–1400 x 4–15undifferentiatedSubstrongyles/ subtylostrongyles 260–1288 x 12–30Multidentate (5–6 alae) unguiferate isochelae 1, 68–95 x 5 Isochelae 2 (5 alae), 32–51 x 2absenttrochirhabds 30–50 (3 rings) sigmas 30–50Chatham Rise seamounts, New Zealand, mesophotic- bathyal .....Continued on the next page Styles 1, 1410–1880 x 20–31 Styles 2, 1570–1700 x 9–12Subtylostyles undifferentiated Tridentate 650–680 x 14–15 unguiferate isochelae 42–44absentsigmas 1, 67–80 sigmas 2, 44–53Escanaba Ridge and Monterey Canyon, off California, USA and Marianna NW Pacific, bathyal-abyssal Molecular data : The 28S sequence of QM G337490 is provided in the Sponge Barcoding Database under accession number SBD#2307 and the molecular difference to other congenerics displayed in Figure 3. Remarks : These specimens match the previous descriptions of Ch. (Ch.) clavata Ridley & Dendy (1887), and more recently Dressler-Allame et al. (2017) who described some specimens from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Examination of the holotype confirmed the size ranges of the isochelae to be similar to the new specimens from this expedition. Our specimens are more similar to the Fijian type specimen in lacking the small mycalostyles (Styles II) described in the Antarctic specimens by Dressler-Allame et al. (2017), and are closer to the medium-small sized mycalostyles described by Lévi, (1964) from Madagascar. Unusually, published records suggest that the species has a wide bathymetric distribution, extending from the shallow mesophotic (e.g. 250m, Ridley & Dendy 1886), bathyal (1060–2650 m, present study), to abyssal depths (e.g. 4820 m, Lévi 1964). Molecular studies may reveal whether these differences are enough to warrant the separation of Ch. (Ch.) clavata into several distinct species. This species also resembles Ch. (Ch.) crinita Ridley & Dendy (1886) in external morphology, but has much smaller isochelae. It also bears some resemblance to Cladorhiza nematophora Lévi, 1964, but lacks the tridentate unguiferate anisochelae, having instead tridentate unguiferate isochelae. : Published as part of Ekins, Merrick, Erpenbeck, Dirk & Hooper, John N. A., 2020, Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 4774 (1) on pages 89-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4774.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3825140 : {"references": ["Ridley, S. O. & Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger. Part I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 18, 325 - 351 + 470 - 493. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459998", "Ridley, S. O. & Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i-lxviii + 1 - 275, pls. I-LI, 1 map.", "Burton, M. (1929) Porifera. Part II. Antarctic sponges. British Antarctic (' Terra Nova') Expedition, 1910. Natural History Report, British Museum (Natural History), London, Zoology, 6 (4), 393 - 458, pls. I-V.", "Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. 1 Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. & Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958), 1964, pp. 6 - 133 + 443 - 448.", "Levi, C. (1964) Spongiaires des zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report. Scientific Results of The Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World, 1950 - 52, 7, 63 - 112.", "Bergquist, P. R. (1972) Deep water Demospongiae from New Zealand. Micronesica, 8 (1 - 2), 125 - 136.", "Dressler-Allame, M., Gocke, C., Kersken, D., Plotkin, A. & Janussen, D. (2017) Carnivorous sponges (Cladorhizidae) of the deep Weddell Sea, with description of two new species. Deep-Sea Research II, 4121, 190 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2016.08.006", "Kelly, M., Edwards, A. R., Wilkinson, M. R., Alvarez, B., Cook, S. de C., Bergquist, P. R., Buckeridge, St. J., Campbell, H. J., Reiswig, H. M., Valentine, C. & Vacelet, J. (2009) Phylum Porifera: sponges. In: Gordon, D. P. (Ed.), New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata. Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, pp. 23 - 46.", "Tendal, O. S. (1973) Sponges collected by the Swedish Deep Sea Expedition. Zoologica Scripta, 2, 33 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1973. tb 00795. x", "Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Heft II. In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90, pls. V-X.", "Hentschel, E. (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwamme und Hornschwamme der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 15 (1), 35 - 141, pls. IV-VIII.", "Brondsted, H. V. (1929) Neue Schwamme aus Amoy an der Formosa-Strasse. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 81 (7 - 10), 224 - 229.", "Dendy, A. (1887) The Sponge-fauna of Madras. A Report on a Collection of Sponges obtained in the Neighbourhood of Madras by Edgar Thurston, Esq. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 20 (117), 153 - 165, pls. IX-XII. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938709460032", "Topsent, E. (1930) Chondrocladia yatsui n. sp., de la Baie de Sagami. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 12, 421 - 432.", "Koltun, V. M. (1970) Sponge fauna of the northwestern Pacific from the shallows to the hadal depths. In: Bogorov, V. G. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and its environment. Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R., 86. (Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii in P. P. Shishov and Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskwa, pp. 165 - 221.", "Levi, C. (1993) Porifera Demospongiae: Spongiaires bathyaux de Nouvelle-Caledonie, recoltes par le ' Jean Charcot' Campagne BIOCAL, 1985. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum national de l'Histoire naturelle, (A), 158, pp. 9 - 87.", "Lopes, D. A., Bravo, A. & Hajdu, E. (2011) New carnivorous sponges (Cladorhizidae: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae) from off Diego Ramirez Archipelago (south Chile), with comments on taxonomy and biogeography of the family. Invertebrate Systematics, 25, 407 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 11015", "Hestetun, J. T., Rapp, H. T. & Pomponi, S. (2019) Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges From the Mariana Islands. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 371. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fmars. 2019.00371", "Verrill, A. E. (1879) Art. XLI. Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the eastern coast of North America. No. 5. American Journal of Science and Arts, Series 3, 17, 472 - 474. https: // doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 17.102.472", "Topsent, E. (1904) Spongiaires des Acores. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 25, 1 - 280, pls. 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61852", "Cristobo, F. J., Urgorri, V. & Rios, P. (2005) Three new species of carnivorous deep-sea sponges from the DIVA- 1 expedition in the Angola Basin (South Atlantic). Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 5, 203 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ode. 2004.11.004", "Vacelet, J. (2006) New carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) collected from manned submersibles in the deep Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 148, 553 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00234. x", "Tanita, S. (1965) Porifera. In: Okada, Y., Uchida, S. & Uchida, T. (Eds.), New Illustrated Encyclopaedia of the Fauna of Japan I. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, pp. 138 - 166. [in Japanese]", "Cristobo, F. J., Rios, P., Pomponi, S. A. & Xavier, J. R. (2015) A new carnivorous sponge, Chondrocladia robertballardi sp. nov. (Porifera: Cladorhizidae) from two north-east Atlantic seamounts. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95, 1345 - 1352. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315414001325", "Goodwin, C. E., Berman, J., Downey, R. V. & Hendry, K. R. (2017) Carnivorous sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Cladorhizidae) from the Drake Passage (Southern Ocean) with a description of eight new species and a review of the family Cladorhizidae in the Southern Ocean. Invertebrate Systematics, 31 (1), 37 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 16020", "Topsent, E. (1920) Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strasbourg. Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco, 381, 1 - 36.", "Thomson, C. W. (1873) The Depths of the Sea. Macmillan and Co., London, 527 pp.", "Lehnert, H., Stone, R. & Heimler, W. (2006) New species of deep-sea demosponges (Porifera) from the Aleutian Islands (Alaska, USA). Zootaxa, 1250, 1 - 35.", "Hestetun, J. T., Rapp, H. T. & Xavier, J. (2017 a) Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge seamounts. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 137, 166 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2016.03.004", "Lee, W. L., Reiswig, H. M., Austin, W. C. & Lundsten, L. (2012) An extraordinary new carnivorous sponge, Chondrocladia lyra, in the new subgenus Symmetrocladia (Demospongiae, Cladorhizidae), from off of northern California, USA. Invertebrate Biology, 131 (4), 259 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / ivb. 12001"]} |
format |
Text |
author |
Ekins, Merrick Erpenbeck, Dirk Hooper, John N. A. |
author_facet |
Ekins, Merrick Erpenbeck, Dirk Hooper, John N. A. |
author_sort |
Ekins, Merrick |
title |
Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) clavata Ridley & Dendy 1886 |
title_short |
Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) clavata Ridley & Dendy 1886 |
title_full |
Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) clavata Ridley & Dendy 1886 |
title_fullStr |
Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) clavata Ridley & Dendy 1886 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) clavata Ridley & Dendy 1886 |
title_sort |
chondrocladia (chondrocladia) clavata ridley & dendy 1886 |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846404 https://zenodo.org/record/3846404 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(166.733,166.733,-72.550,-72.550) ENVELOPE(-64.483,-64.483,-65.633,-65.633) ENVELOPE(139.017,139.017,-69.367,-69.367) ENVELOPE(-54.550,-54.550,-61.083,-61.083) ENVELOPE(-66.200,-66.200,-66.817,-66.817) ENVELOPE(-97.500,-97.500,-71.833,-71.833) ENVELOPE(164.167,164.167,-82.467,-82.467) ENVELOPE(-62.833,-62.833,-65.100,-65.100) ENVELOPE(49.300,49.300,-67.700,-67.700) ENVELOPE(166.350,166.350,-77.650,-77.650) ENVELOPE(-56.683,-56.683,-63.583,-63.583) ENVELOPE(166.850,166.850,-77.767,-77.767) ENVELOPE(-130.315,-130.315,54.250,54.250) |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Weddell Sea Austin Drake Passage McMurdo Sound Pacific Indian New Zealand Weddell Burton Alvarez Charcot Valentine Wilkinson Thurston Christchurch Goodwin Merrick Inaccessible Island Ramirez Hut Point Ridley |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Weddell Sea Austin Drake Passage McMurdo Sound Pacific Indian New Zealand Weddell Burton Alvarez Charcot Valentine Wilkinson Thurston Christchurch Goodwin Merrick Inaccessible Island Ramirez Hut Point Ridley |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Archipelago Drake Passage Enderby Land glacier Inaccessible Island Kamchatka McMurdo Sound North East Atlantic Southern Ocean Weddell Sea Alaska Aleutian Islands |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Archipelago Drake Passage Enderby Land glacier Inaccessible Island Kamchatka McMurdo Sound North East Atlantic Southern Ocean Weddell Sea Alaska Aleutian Islands |
op_relation |
http://zenodo.org/record/3825140 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFEBFFCE914E3B18FFE9FFBBFFF8FF9D http://zoobank.org/B0C4A2F8-F2AB-4147-BB12-63720EEF2516 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4774.1.1 http://zenodo.org/record/3825140 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFEBFFCE914E3B18FFE9FFBBFFF8FF9D https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825180 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825182 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825142 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825162 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825196 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825144 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825146 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825154 http://zoobank.org/B0C4A2F8-F2AB-4147-BB12-63720EEF2516 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846405 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit |
op_rights |
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ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.3846404 2023-05-15T14:00:05+02:00 Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) clavata Ridley & Dendy 1886 Ekins, Merrick Erpenbeck, Dirk Hooper, John N. A. 2020 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846404 https://zenodo.org/record/3846404 unknown Zenodo http://zenodo.org/record/3825140 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFEBFFCE914E3B18FFE9FFBBFFF8FF9D http://zoobank.org/B0C4A2F8-F2AB-4147-BB12-63720EEF2516 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4774.1.1 http://zenodo.org/record/3825140 http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFEBFFCE914E3B18FFE9FFBBFFF8FF9D https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825180 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825182 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825142 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825162 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825196 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825144 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825146 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825154 http://zoobank.org/B0C4A2F8-F2AB-4147-BB12-63720EEF2516 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846405 https://zenodo.org/communities/biosyslit Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Poecilosclerida Cladorhizidae Chondrocladia Chondrocladia clavata Text Taxonomic treatment article-journal ScholarlyArticle 2020 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846404 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4774.1.1 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825180 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825182 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825142 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825162 https: 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) clavata Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Figures 18 & 19, Tables 10 & 11 Chondrocladia clavata Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 345; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 100, Pl. XX, Figs. 1, 1a, Pl. XXI, Fig. 11; Burton, 1929: 431; Koltun, 1964: 38; Lévi, 1964: 76, Fig. 26, Pl. IV(d); Bergquist, 1972: 125, Figs. 1–3. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) clavata: Dressler-Allame et al., 2017: 195, Fig. 7 Material examined : Holotype: NHMUK 1887.5.2.169, Kandavu, Fiji, Station 174, 19° 6’ 00” S, 178° 14’ 20” E, 256 m, Coll. H.M.S. Challenger , 2 specimens, 3/viii/1874. Other material: QM G337490 off Jervis Bay, News South Wales, Australia, 35° 19’ 58.8”– 35° 19’ 55.2” S, 151° 15’ 28.9”– 151° 12’ 50.4” E, 2650– 2636 m, Beam Trawl, Coll. Merrick Ekins on RV Investigator , Cruise IN2017_ V03, Sample 56-250, 20 specimens, 29/v/2017. QM G337491 same collection details as QM G337490, Sample 56-252, 4 specimens. QM G337500 off Hunter Valley, News South Wales, Australia, 32° 28’ 44.4”– 32° 30’ 25.1” S, 152° 59’ 38.4”– 152° 59’ 27.6” E, 1006–1036 m, Beam Trawl, Coll. Merrick Ekins on RV Investigator , Cruise IN2017_ V03, Sample 69-247, 2 specimens, 3/vi/2017. QM G337508 Central Eastern Commonwealth Marine Reserve, News South Wales, Australia, 30° 5’ 51.7”– 30° 7’ 9.5” S, 153° 53’ 55.3”– 153° 52’ 28.2” E, 2429–2518 m, Beam Trawl, Coll. Merrick Ekins on RV Investigator , Cruise IN2017_ V03, Sample 86-187, 1 specimen, 5/vi/2017. SAMA S313, Southern Ocean, off Enderby Land, Antarctica, BANZARE Station 41, 65° 48’ S, 53° 16’ E, 193 m, Large Monegasque Trawl, Coll. BANZARE, 24/i/1930. SAMA S3575, same collection details as SAMA S313. NHMUK 1926.10.26.152a, Off Glacier Tongue, about 8 miles north of Hut Point, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, Terra Nova Station 316, 77° 45’ S, 166° 24’ E, 348–457 m, Agassiz Trawl, Coll. RV Terra Nova , 9/ii/1911. NHMUK 1926.10.26.153a, same collection details as NHMUK 1926.10.26.152a. NHMUK 1926.10.26.154a, 5 miles north of Inaccessible Island, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, Terra Nova Station 314, 77° 36’ S, 166° 12’ E, 406–441 m, Agassiz Trawl, Coll. RV Terra Nova , 23/i/1911. Distribution : This species has been recorded from many locations in the Southern hemisphere including: Fiji (Ridley & Dendy 1886, 1887), Antarctica (Burton 1929; Koltun 1964, Dressler-Allame et al. 2017), Madagascar (Lévi 1964), New Zealand (Bergquist 1972, Kelly et al. 2009), and Eastern Australia (present study), bathyal depth. Description: Growth form : An erect pedunculate ‘crinorhiza’ form sponge with a subspherical body bearing long tentacular processes, supported by a long thin stem, terminating in long bifurcated root-like anchor processes. The body often has an apical nipple, or tuft of mycalostyles (Figure 18 B). Specimens range from 40–44 mm long, with subspherical body 6–9 mm diameter, tentacular process 9–26 mm long, 0.2–0.6 mm diameter, the stem is a tapering cone 1.5–7 mm in diameter and 3–9 mm in length, basal root processes 16–27 mm long, 0.2–0.5 mm diameter. Antarctic specimen SAMA S313 is a maximum of 56 mm long, with subspherical body 16 mm diameter, tentacular process 11 mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm diameter, the stem is 1mm in diameter and 35 mm in length, and has no basal root processes. Another Antarctic specimen SAMA S3575 has a total length of 26 mm, with the stem 18 mm in length and 1 mm in diameter, a subspherical body of 18 mm in diameter, also with no basal root processes. The remainder of the tentacular processes are only a maximum of 1.5 mm in length. This species has been well described by previous authors and matches with previous descriptions. Colour : Light brown with white stalk, light yellow to tan with ectosome removed. Ectosomal skeleton : The ectosome consists of a crust of isochelae and sigmas (Figures 19 A–D). In the body of the sponge this is penetrated by the smaller mycalostyles from the ectosome producing the hispid surface (Figure 19 B). Endosomal skeleton : The endosome in the body consists of the radially orientated bundles of large mycalostyles that form the filaments. Subectosomally there is a confused predominantly radial assortment of the smaller mycalostyles penetrating through the ectosome to the surface. The endosome also contains the isochelae and the sigmas (Figure 19 A). The endosome of the filaments consists of the parallel mycalostyles in an extremely well organised bundle (Figure 19 C–D). The endoosome of the stem and root processes also consist of a tightly bound longitudinally orientated mycalostyles. Megascleres: Styles in two categories, large mycalostyles (916– 2820 x 20 –50 µm), and thinner supporting styles (387– 1190 x 5–19 µm), (see Table 11). The large mycalostyles occur in the stem, the body and the filaments. The smaller styles occur mainly in the body radially orientated and penetrating the ectosome producing the hispid surface of the body, but also occur in the filaments and the stem and roots. These styles could also be described as a continuous range of the one type, as was probably done in the original description. Microscleres : Tridentate unguiferate anchorate isochelae (20–65 x 2–7 µm) in two sizes, but with intermediate sizes, and sigmas (39–75 x 1.5–3 µm) (see Table 11). 80–120 x 2–5Axis with tightly bound bundles of styles forming the stem, roots and filaments.Styles 1, 1030–2970 x 19.2–53.4 Styles 2, 372–1490 x 7.0–20.0undifferentiatedundifferentiated Tridentate unguiferate isochelae 49.8–65.8 x 2.4–6.535.9–63.1 x 1.2–3.0absentOff Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, abyssal .....Continued on the next page absentsigmas 38–57Off N Brazil, N Atlantic, abyssal .....Continued on the next pageabsentsigmas 96–160 (sigmas 96–160) [sigmas 1, 89-(110)-143 sigmas 2, 44-60-75] {sigmas 1, 80–105 x 3 sigmas 2, 25–55 x 2–3}Antarctica, bathyal-abyssal .....Continued on the next page10Axis with longitudinal multispicular bundles of larger mycalostyles and smaller mycalostylesMycalostyles 1, 2000–2100 x 40–45 Mycalostyles 2, 600–750 x 15–18undifferentiatedunknownMultidentate (up to 7) unguiferate isochelae 1, 65–70 x 6–9 Tridentate unguiferate isochelae 2, 28–32 x 3–4absentabsentKermadec Trench, bathyal .....Continued on the next pageundifferentiatedundifferentiated Tridentate unguiferate isochelae 57 (43–70 x 4–9) {30–55} [20–65 x 2–7] ((27–60 x–6))absentsigmas 44 (32–58) {1, 40 2, 75 x 3} [50–75 x 1.5–3] ((35–40))E Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, RossSea, Madagascar, Antarctica, mesophotic- abyssal .....Continued on the next page100–150Main skeleton of stem and filaments with a core of longitudinal tightly packed mycalostyles, outer surface of stem and top part with subtylostylesmycalostyles 1430– 2104 x 27–52 subtylostyles 488–948 x 10–28undifferentiatedundifferentiated Anchorate isochelae 1, 41–60 Anchorate isochelae 2, 21–32 Anchorate isochelae 3, 15–2034–49absentNorthwest Guam Seamount, Marianas, NE Pacific, bathyal .....Continued on the next page7–22 x 1–1.5Axial skeleton cored by dense longitudinal bundles of mycalostyles echinated by smaller subtylostylesmycalostyles 1700 x 32 subtylostyles 800–850 x 25–29undifferentiatedunknownQuadrodentate uniguiferate isochelae 45–50 x 2absentabsentSeychelles, bathyal-abyssal .....Continued on the next page 20–26 x 0.5Not describedMycalostyles 650–850 x 15–20 Subtylostyles 550 x 13–14undifferentiated unknownTridentate unguiferate isochelae 40 x 3absentsigmas present, size unknownSeychelles, abyssal .....Continued on the next page absent(sigmas 52–66 x 2–4)NW of Cap Finisterre (Galice), & Angola Basin, SE Atlantic, abyssal .....Continued on the next page 500Axis of stem with parallel bundles of large mycalostyles (1), with a thick cover of rugose tylostyles (2) arranged in a dense irregular feltwork, body and secondary branches with a rugose coating of styles smaller (3), swellings with confused smaller fusiform stylesMycalostyles 1, 700–4750 × 15–75 Rugose tylostyles 2, 300–535 × 5–6Mycalostyles (3) 510–580 × 17–30unknownMultidentate (6) unguiferate isochelae 1, 123–140 x 6–7 Multidentate isochelae 2, 20–32 x 2absentsigmas 45–120 × 2–3East Pacific Rise, bathyal .....Continued on the next page Styles 900–2000 x 20–35undifferentiatedundifferentiated Multidentate (4–5 alae) unguiferate isochelae (size unknown)absentabsentOff Kushiro & Miyako, Japan, mesophotic .....Continued on the next pageundifferentiated Tridentate unguiferate isochelae 1, 38–51 Isochelae 2, 19–26absentabsentKerguelen- Heard Plateau, subantarctic, esophotic .....Continued on the next pageStyles 1, 1400–1550 x 28–30 Styles 2, 700–900 x 20–22undifferentiatedunknownTridentate isochelae 88–90120–140absentOff New Caledonia, bathyal .....Continued on the next page Styles 1098–1424 x 25–43undifferentiatedunknownMultidentate (4–5 alae) unguiferate isochelae 74–85absentSigmas 1, 45-(47)-49 Sigmas 2, 66-(73)-89Sars Seamount, Drake Passage, S America, mesophotic .....Continued on the next page 90 x 13“skeleton is typical, with a layer of peripheral styles”Styles 1, 1400–2500 x 20–30 Styles 2, 700–850 x 12–20undifferentiated undifferentiated Tridentate unguiferate isochelae 50–58 x 10absentabsentOff New Caledonia, bathyal .....Continued on the next page(Mycalostyles 728-(1606)-2815 x 13-(27)-38 Mycalostyles 2, 420-(589)-1240 x 9-(15)-27 Acanthostyles 192-(310)-500)(undifferentiated) unknown(Multidentate (6–7 alae) unguiferate isochelae 1, 41-(65)-78 Multidentate (5–6) isochelae 2, 13-(18)-34absentsigmas 16-(20)-27Caribbean, meso- photic-bathyal .....Continued on the next page220Axis of stem with twisted spiral longitudinal bundles of styles, axis of filaments with bundles of larger styles perpendicular to the body, basal disk and outer sheath of stem with acanthostylesStyles 750–2800 x 18–50 Acantho(subtylo) styles 285–455 x 4–5undifferentiated undifferentiatedMultidentate (5 alae) unguiferate isochelae 90–100 x 645–55 x 2–3sigmas 22–25 x 1–5Sagami Bay, Japan, mesophotic .....Continued on the next page .....Continued on the next page .....Continued on the next page Mycalostyles 1, 1000–1700 x 15–40 Mycalostyles 2, 340–1400 x 4–15undifferentiatedSubstrongyles/ subtylostrongyles 260–1288 x 12–30Multidentate (5–6 alae) unguiferate isochelae 1, 68–95 x 5 Isochelae 2 (5 alae), 32–51 x 2absenttrochirhabds 30–50 (3 rings) sigmas 30–50Chatham Rise seamounts, New Zealand, mesophotic- bathyal .....Continued on the next page Styles 1, 1410–1880 x 20–31 Styles 2, 1570–1700 x 9–12Subtylostyles undifferentiated Tridentate 650–680 x 14–15 unguiferate isochelae 42–44absentsigmas 1, 67–80 sigmas 2, 44–53Escanaba Ridge and Monterey Canyon, off California, USA and Marianna NW Pacific, bathyal-abyssal Molecular data : The 28S sequence of QM G337490 is provided in the Sponge Barcoding Database under accession number SBD#2307 and the molecular difference to other congenerics displayed in Figure 3. Remarks : These specimens match the previous descriptions of Ch. (Ch.) clavata Ridley & Dendy (1887), and more recently Dressler-Allame et al. (2017) who described some specimens from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Examination of the holotype confirmed the size ranges of the isochelae to be similar to the new specimens from this expedition. Our specimens are more similar to the Fijian type specimen in lacking the small mycalostyles (Styles II) described in the Antarctic specimens by Dressler-Allame et al. (2017), and are closer to the medium-small sized mycalostyles described by Lévi, (1964) from Madagascar. Unusually, published records suggest that the species has a wide bathymetric distribution, extending from the shallow mesophotic (e.g. 250m, Ridley & Dendy 1886), bathyal (1060–2650 m, present study), to abyssal depths (e.g. 4820 m, Lévi 1964). Molecular studies may reveal whether these differences are enough to warrant the separation of Ch. (Ch.) clavata into several distinct species. This species also resembles Ch. (Ch.) crinita Ridley & Dendy (1886) in external morphology, but has much smaller isochelae. It also bears some resemblance to Cladorhiza nematophora Lévi, 1964, but lacks the tridentate unguiferate anisochelae, having instead tridentate unguiferate isochelae. : Published as part of Ekins, Merrick, Erpenbeck, Dirk & Hooper, John N. A., 2020, Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 4774 (1) on pages 89-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4774.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3825140 : {"references": ["Ridley, S. O. & Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger. Part I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 18, 325 - 351 + 470 - 493. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459998", "Ridley, S. O. & Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. 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Invertebrate Biology, 131 (4), 259 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / ivb. 12001"]} Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Archipelago Drake Passage Enderby Land glacier Inaccessible Island Kamchatka McMurdo Sound North East Atlantic Southern Ocean Weddell Sea Alaska Aleutian Islands DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Weddell Sea Austin Drake Passage McMurdo Sound Pacific Indian New Zealand Weddell Burton ENVELOPE(166.733,166.733,-72.550,-72.550) Alvarez ENVELOPE(-64.483,-64.483,-65.633,-65.633) Charcot ENVELOPE(139.017,139.017,-69.367,-69.367) Valentine ENVELOPE(-54.550,-54.550,-61.083,-61.083) Wilkinson ENVELOPE(-66.200,-66.200,-66.817,-66.817) Thurston ENVELOPE(-97.500,-97.500,-71.833,-71.833) Christchurch ENVELOPE(164.167,164.167,-82.467,-82.467) Goodwin ENVELOPE(-62.833,-62.833,-65.100,-65.100) Merrick ENVELOPE(49.300,49.300,-67.700,-67.700) Inaccessible Island ENVELOPE(166.350,166.350,-77.650,-77.650) Ramirez ENVELOPE(-56.683,-56.683,-63.583,-63.583) Hut Point ENVELOPE(166.850,166.850,-77.767,-77.767) Ridley ENVELOPE(-130.315,-130.315,54.250,54.250) |