Seawater temperature profiles from Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT) probe deployments during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE)

• Main Authors: Haumann, F. Alexander, Thomas, Jenny, Tsukernik, Maria, Leonard, Katherine
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: Zenodo 2020
• Subjects: physical oceanography; temperature; XBT; expendable bathythermograph; Southern Ocean; Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition; ACE; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Austral; Pacific; Meredith; Arrowsmith; Cowley; Pina; Gorodetskaya; Rual; Boyer; Antarc*; Swiss Polar Institute
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3836648; https://zenodo.org/record/3836648

Dataset abstract This data set contains vertical seawater temperature profiles measured by Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT) probes that were deployed in the Southern Ocean during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) on board the R/V Akademik Tryoshnikov. 40 XBT probes were deployed during legs 2 and 3 of the expedition in the period 25th January, 2017 to 17th March, 2017. The XBT probes are manufactured and distributed by T.S.K./Sippican Tsurumi-Seiki Co. Ltd., Yokohama, Japan (http://www.tsk-jp.com) and are of the type T-07, which is rated at a ship speed of up to 15 knots. These probes have a measuring time of 123 seconds and maximum measurement depth of about 789 m. Probes were launched from a handheld device from the stern of the ship either on the port or starboard side while the ship was moving. The deck unit recorded the temperature and the time since the probe was launched. This time was then converted to depth using the known fall rate of the probe in seawater and the coefficients provided by the manufacturer (WMO standards; Hanawa et al., 1995). The profiles were corrected for known surface biases (Kizu and Hanawa, 2002; Uehara et al., 2008). We provide the raw data, the data produced by using the coefficients provided by the manufacturer, and a corrected version in which we apply an empirical correction based on a comparison with CTD data (Henry et al., 2019), where XBT profiles were launched alongside the CTD deployment. The data has been quality controlled by comparing it to a number of CTD profiles. Data is provided at full vertical resolution and a 1-m averaged resolution. In addition, we provide derived variables such as surface mixed layer depth (temperature threshold) estimates. We are grateful to the crew of the R/V Akademik Tryoshnikov and AARI for donating these probes to our project. Their use-by date had expired, however this was not seen as an issue. This data set provides insights into the hydrography of the Southern Ocean during one austral summer season and complements the CTD temperature profiles measured during ACE by filling in the gaps between CTD stations. Dataset contents Data: ace_xbt_raw/ace_xbt_YYYYMMDD_xxxx_uuuuuuuuuuuu.RAW, data file, comma-separated values ace_xbt_wmo_hanawa95_fullres/ace_xbt_YYYYMMDD_xxxx_uuuuuuuuuuuu.XBT, data file, comma-separated values ace_xbt_wmo_hanawa95_1m/ace_xbt_YYYYMMDD_xxxx_uuuuuuuuuuuu_1m.XBT, data file, comma-separated values ace_xbt_corrected_fullres/ace_xbt_YYYYMMDD_xxxx_uuuuuuuuuuuu.XBT, data file, comma-separated values ace_xbt_corrected_1m/ace_xbt_YYYYMMDD_xxxx_uuuuuuuuuuuu_1m.XBT, data file, comma-separated values Auxiliary data: ace_xbt_mld_tavg.csv, data file, comma-separated values ace_merged_ctd_xbt_mld_tsavg.csv, data file, comma-separated values Figures: figure1.pdf, metadata, portable document format ace_xbt_figures/ace_xbt_YYYYMMDD_xxxx_1m.pdf, metadata, portable document format Metadata: ace_xbt_deployment_summary.csv, metadata, comma-separated values data_file_header.txt, metadata, text README.txt, metadata, text Dataset license This seawater temperature profile dataset from ACE is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ : This research was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) grant numbers PZ00P2_142684, P2EZP2_175162, P400P2_186681. The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition was made possible by funding from the Swiss Polar Institute and Ferring Pharmaceuticals. We thank the crew of the R/V Akademik Tryoshnikov for the donation of the XBT probes. : {"references": ["Cheng, L., Zhu, J., Cowley, R., Boyer, T., Wijffels, S., Cheng, L., Zhu, J., Cowley, R., Boyer, T., and Wijffels, S. (2014): Time, Probe Type, and Temperature Variable Bias Corrections to Historical Expendable Bathythermograph Observations. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 31(8), 1793\u20131825. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00197.1", "de Boyer Mont\u00e9gut, C., Madec, G., Fischer, A. S., Lazar, A., and Iudicone, D. (2004), Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of profile data and a profile\u2010based climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C12003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002378.", "Hamon, M., Reverdin, G., Le Traon, P.-Y., Hamon, M., Reverdin, G., and Traon, P.-Y. Le. (2012): Empirical Correction of XBT Data. 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