Ascandra crewsi , Van Soest & De Voogd 2015

• Main Authors: Klautau, Michelle, Lopes, Matheus Vieira, Guarabyra, Bruna, Folcher, Eric, Ekins, Merrick, Debitus, Cécile
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2020
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Porifera; Calcarea; Clathrinida; Leucaltidae; Ascandra; Ascandra crewsi; Antarctic; Bruna; Merrick; Norway; Reimer; Weddell; Weddell Sea; Antarc*; Antarctica; Northeast Atlantic
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3704827; https://zenodo.org/record/3704827

Ascandra cf. crewsi Van Soest & De Voogd, 2015 (Fig 2; Table 2) Synonym. Ascandra crewsi , Van Soest & De Voogd 2015: 36. Material examined: UFRJPOR 6462 = MNHN-IP- 2018-33 — Tairineneva, Raiatea, Society Islands, station SR02 (16° 45.326’ S– 151° 29.827’ W), depth: 15 m, coll. C. Debitus, 12/VIII/2009, P53. UFRJPOR 6463 = MNHN- IP- 2018-34 , UFRJPOR 6464 = MNHN-IP- 2018-35 — Tahiti, Society Islands, station ST22 (17° 32.485’ S– 149° 35.205’ W), depth: 14 m, coll. C. Debitus, 29/ V /2009, P23. UFRJPOR 8916 = MNHN-IP- 2018-57 — Tahiti, Society Islands, station ST27 (17°46.642’ S– 149°24.236’ W), coll. S. Petek, 13/IV/2013, depth: 30 m, P485. UFRJPOR 8917 = MNHN-IP- 2018-58 — Tahiti, Society Islands, station ST29 (17°53.052’ S– 149°11.411’ W), coll. S. Petek, 14/IV/2013, depth: 20 m, P507. UFRJPOR 8920 = MNHN-IP- 2018-61 — Tahiti, Society Islands, station ST59 (17°47.343’S– 149°27.229’W), coll. C. Debitus, 13/IV/2013, depth: 15 m. Colour. White alive and white or light brown in ethanol (Fig 2A). Morphology and anatomy. Cormus delicate, formed by large, irregular, loosely anastomosed and ramified tubes with one or several oscula at the end of larger tubes (water-collecting tubes; Fig 2A). Aquiferous system asconoid. The skeleton is composed of two size categories of tetractines (Fig 2B), of which the larger is rare, and by small rare triactines. Spicules (Table 2) Tetractines I . Large. Regular (equiangular and equiradiate) or sagittal. Actines are conical with sharp tips (Fig 2C). The sagittal spicules sometimes have curved paired actines. The apical actine is cylindrical, very long, sharp, smooth and frequently curved but straight apical actines are also present (Fig 2C). Size: 162.0–218.7/ 16.2–27.0 µm (basal), 75.0–150.0/ 5.0–15.0 µm (apical). Tetractines II . Small. Regular (equiangular and equiradiate) or sagittal. They are very similar to Tetractines I, but a little smaller and with thinner actines (Fig 2 D). Size: 110.7–178.2/ 10.8–16.2 µm (basal), 17.5–234.9/ 1.3–9.5 µm (apical). Triactines . Rare, small. Regular (equiangular and equiradiate) or sagittal. Actines are conical with sharp tips (Fig 2E). The sagittal spicules sometimes have curved paired actines. Size: 77.5–137.5/ 8.8–10.0 µm. Ecology. This sponge was found in holes or below dead corals, in a slightly muddy environment. Geographical distribution. Papua New Guinea (type locality; Van Soest & De Voogd 2015) and Society Islands (Raiatea and Tahiti—present work). Remarks. Eleven species of Ascandra are currently known: Ascandra falcata Haeckel, 1872 from Lesina, Adriatic Sea (the type species of the genus); A. ascandroides (Borojević, 1971) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; A. atlantica (Thacker, 1908) from Cape Verde Islands; A. biscayae (Borojević & Boury-Esnault, 1987) from Bay of Biscay; A. brandtae (Rapp, Göcke, Tendal & Janussen, 2013) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica; A. contorta (Bowerbank, 1866) from the Mediterranean Sea; A. corallicola (Rapp, 2006) Trondheimsfjord, Norway; A. crewsi Van Soest & De Voogd, 2015 from Wahoo, Papua New Guinea; A. densa Haeckel, 1872 from South Australia; A. kakaban Van Soest & De Voogd, 2015 from Kalimantan, Indonesia; and A. minchini Borojević, 1966 from the Mediterranean Sea. Considering cormus and skeleton composition (triactines and two size categories of tetractines), the specimens from the French Polynesia are more similar to A. crewsi and A. kakaban . The latter, however, has the same proportion of triactines and tetractines, while A. crewsi has very few triactines, like our specimens. Therefore, although the spicules of the specimens from French Polynesia are a little larger and have tetractines with actines more conical than those of A. crewsi [ A. crewsi —Triactines: 140.0˗150.0/ 10.0˗12.0 µm; Tetractines I: 159.0˗206.4˗246.0/ 15.0˗18.8˗21.0 µm (basal actines), 181.0˗226.3˗279.0/ 13.0˗15.3˗17.0 µm (apical actine); Triactines II: 54.0˗90.2˗117.0/ 7.0˗7.3˗8.0 µm (basal actines), 62.0˗95.8˗114.0/ 2.5˗3.1˗ 3.5 µm (apical actine)], we think they can be conspecific. : Published as part of Klautau, Michelle, Lopes, Matheus Vieira, Guarabyra, Bruna, Folcher, Eric, Ekins, Merrick & Debitus, Cécile, 2020, Calcareous sponges from the French Polynesia (Porifera: Calcarea), pp. 261-295 in Zootaxa 4748 (2) on pages 267-269, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4748.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3698777 : {"references": ["Van Soest, R. W. N. & De Voogd, N. 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