Mycale (Carmia) helios

• Main Authors: Morozov, Grigori, Sabirov, Rushan, Zimina, Olga
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2019
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Porifera; Demospongiae; Poecilosclerida; Mycalidae; Mycale; Mycale helios; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Okhotsk; Chukchi Sea; Greenland; Pacific; East Siberian Sea; New Siberian Islands; Helios; Antarc*; Arctic Basin; Arktis*; Beaufort Sea; Chukchi; Greenland Sea; North Atlantic; Spitzbergen
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664855; https://zenodo.org/record/3664855

Mycale ( Carmia ) helios (Fristedt, 1887) (Figure 2 (a – e)) Esperia helios Fristedt 1887, p. 450 – 451; pl. 25, figs 25 – 29; Lambe 1895, p. 117; pl. II, fig. 4a – c Mycale helios : Hentschel 1929, p. 931; Koltun 1959, p. 58 – 59 Description (Figure 2 (a)) Sponge of more or less roundish form, up to 5.5 cm in diameter. The consistency is soft and compressible, but not strong in tension. The surface is slightly shaggy, sometimes with numerous elongated (up to 2 cm in height) and flattened projections. Colour ash grey. Two specimens examined. Skeleton (Figure 2 (b)) The main skeleton consists of longitudinal and branching multispicular fibres, connected by single spicules crossed at right angles. All spaces in between filled by densely packed sigmas and chelae. These form a structure of rosette shapes. Surface skeleton with protuberances of spicules arranged in plumose manner. Spicules (Figure 2 (c – e)) Styles straight or slightly curved at basal end, rather short-pointed, dimensions: 221.7 – 372 – 448.1 ( n = 30) × 11 – 13.8 – 15.8 ( n = 20) µm; palmate anisochelaes, dimensions: 50.2 – 55.3 – 60 ( n = 15) µm; sigmas, both c- and s-shaped, dimensions: 26.3 – 31 – 36.2 ( n = 15) µm. Distribution North of New Siberian islands (st. A-20, A-33), East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea (Pitlekai), Beaufort Sea, Behring Strait and Behring Sea, Sea of Okhotsk (northern part), Sea of Japan (the Olga gulf). Depth range 22 – 62 m. Remarks Mycale helios , together with some other North Pacific species mentioned in this study (e.g. Polymastia rara ), is a shallow-water form whose westernmost distribution limit within the Eurasian Arctic is apparently defined by the area of the New Siberian Islands. In contrast, the eastern border of the distribution range of some North Atlantic (e.g. Mycale ( Mycale ) lingua (Bowerbank 1866), stylocordyla borealis (Lovén 1868)) and Arctic (e.g. Polymastia thielei Koltun 1964, Thenea valdiviae Lendenfeld 1907, Lycopodina cupressiformis (Carter, 1874), Geodia hentscheli Cárdenas, Rapp, Schander, Tendal 2010) species is confined to the same area. The question of the existence of a New Siberian barrier that prevents the spread of western and eastern Arctic faunas has been intensively discussed since the middle of the twentieth century. It has been suggested that these range disjunctions are related to the environmental differences between the eastern and western Arctic during the Pleistocene glacial period (for details, see Mironov and Dilman 2008). : Published as part of Morozov, Grigori, Sabirov, Rushan & Zimina, Olga, 2019, Sponge fauna of the New Siberian Shoal: biodiversity and some features of formation, pp. 2961-2992 in Journal of Natural History 52 (47) on pages 2961-2992, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1554166, http://zenodo.org/record/3654165 : {"references": ["Fristedt K. 1887. Sponges from the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and the Behring Sea. Vega- Expeditionens Vetenskap Iakttagelser (Nordenskiold). 4: 401 - 471.", "Hentschel E. 1929. Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme des Nordlichen Eismeers. In: Romer F, Schaudinn F, Brauer A, Arndt W, editors. Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898. Vol. 5 (4) pls XII - XIV. German. Jena: G. Fischer; p. 857 - 1042", "Koltun VM. 1959. K\u0440i\u043c\u043di\u0440ogov\u044bi gubki (ivi\u0440\u043d\u044bk i da\u043b\u044c\u043divo (toc\u043d\u044bk \u043co\u0440i\u0439 CCC\u0420 [Siliceous horny sponges of the northern and fareastern seas of the U. S. S. R.]. In: Pavlovsky EN, editor. Identifiers of the USSR fauna issued by the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Vol. 67 Russian. Moscow - Leningrad: Nauka, Academy of Sciences of the USSR; p. 1 - 263", "Koltun VM. 1964. About the study of the bottom fauna of the Greenland Sea and the central part of the Arctic basin. Proc Arct Antarct Res Inst. 259: 13 - 78. Russian.", "Carter HJ. 1874. Descriptions and figures of deep-sea Sponges and their spicules from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H. M. S. ' Porcupine ', chiefly in 1869; with figures and descriptions of some remarkable spicules from the Agulhas Shoal and Colon, Panama. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 4 (14): 207 - 221,245 - 257. pls. XIII-XV.", "Mironov AN, Dilman AB. 2008. Effect of the East Siberian barrier on the echinoderm dispersal in the Arctic Ocean. Oceanology. 50 (3): 342 - 355."]}