The Coldest and Densest Overflow Branch Into the North Atlantic is Stable in Transport, But Warming ...

• Main Authors: Larsen, Karin Margretha Húsgarð, Hansen, Bogi, Hátún, Hjálmar, Johansen, Guðrið Eriksdóttir, Østerhus, Svein, Olsen, Steffen Malskær
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2024
• Subjects: Greenland; Greenland-Scotland Ridge; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13343494; https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.13343494

This is the accepted version. The published version is available on this DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110097 Abstract The overflow of cold water through the Faroe Bank Channel (FBC) is the densest water crossing the Greenland-Scotland Ridge and the densest source for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Here, we show that the overflow volume transport remained stable from 1996 to 2022, but that the bottom water warmed at an average rate of 0.1 °C per decade, mainly caused by warming of deep waters upstream. The salinity of the overflow water has increased as a lagged and reduced response to the salinity increase seen in the upper-layer source waters. Therefore, the potential density of the bottom water over the FBC sill shows no statistically significant trend. After entrainment of warmer ambient waters downstream of the FBC, the nonlinear density dependence upon temperature implies, however, that the overflow contributed water of reduced density to the local overturning and the deep ...