A World Map Of Seabed Sediment Based On 50 Years Of Knowledge
Production of a global sedimentological seabed map has been initiated in 1995 to provide the necessary tool for searches of aircraft and boats lost at sea, to give sedimentary information for nautical charts, and to provide input data for acoustic propagation modelling. This original approach had al...
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Marine sedimentology seabed map sediment classification World Ocean. |
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Marine sedimentology seabed map sediment classification World Ocean. T. Garlan I. Gabelotaud S. Lucas E. Marchès A World Map Of Seabed Sediment Based On 50 Years Of Knowledge |
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Marine sedimentology seabed map sediment classification World Ocean. |
description |
Production of a global sedimentological seabed map has been initiated in 1995 to provide the necessary tool for searches of aircraft and boats lost at sea, to give sedimentary information for nautical charts, and to provide input data for acoustic propagation modelling. This original approach had already been initiated one century ago when the French hydrographic service and the University of Nancy had produced maps of the distribution of marine sediments of the French coasts and then sediment maps of the continental shelves of Europe and North America. The current map of the sediment of oceans presented was initiated with a UNESCO's general map of the deep ocean floor. This map was adapted using a unique sediment classification to present all types of sediments: from beaches to the deep seabed and from glacial deposits to tropical sediments. In order to allow good visualization and to be adapted to the different applications, only the granularity of sediments is represented. The published seabed maps are studied, if they present an interest, the nature of the seabed is extracted from them, the sediment classification is transcribed and the resulted map is integrated in the world map. Data come also from interpretations of Multibeam Echo Sounder (MES) imagery of large hydrographic surveys of deep-ocean. These allow a very high-quality mapping of areas that until then were represented as homogeneous. The third and principal source of data comes from the integration of regional maps produced specifically for this project. These regional maps are carried out using all the bathymetric and sedimentary data of a region. This step makes it possible to produce a regional synthesis map, with the realization of generalizations in the case of over-precise data. 86 regional maps of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean have been produced and integrated into the world sedimentary map. This work is permanent and permits a digital version every two years, with the integration of some new maps. This article describes the choices made in terms of sediment classification, the scale of source data and the zonation of the variability of the quality. This map is the final step in a system comprising the Shom Sedimentary Database, enriched by more than one million punctual and surface items of data, and four series of coastal seabed maps at 1:10,000, 1:50,000, 1:200,000 and 1:1,000,000. This step by step approach makes it possible to take into account the progresses in knowledge made in the field of seabed characterization during the last decades. Thus, the arrival of new classification systems for seafloor has improved the recent seabed maps, and the compilation of these new maps with those previously published allows a gradual enrichment of the world sedimentary map. But there is still a lot of work to enhance some regions, which are still based on data acquired more than half a century ago. : {"references": ["T. Garlan, \"Deux si\u00e8cles de cartographie des s\u00e9diments marins,\" CFC - Cartes et G\u00e9omatique, n\u00b0211, 2012, pp.115-139.", "J. Thoulet, \"Pr\u00e9cis d'analyse des fonds sous-marins actuels et ancien,\" R. Chapelot Ed., 1907, 220 p.", "M. Konert, and J. Vandenberghe, \"Comparison of laser grain size analysis with pipette and sieve analysis: a solution for the underestimation of the clay fraction,\" Sedimentology, 44, 1997, pp. 523-535.", "C.K. Wentworth, \"A Scale of Grade and Class Terms for Clastic Sediments,\" Journal of Geology, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 377-392, Jul.-Aug. 1922.", "J. Bourcart, \"Essai d'une classification raisonn\u00e9e des mat\u00e9riaux meubles,\" Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9ologique de France, vol. S5-XI, pp. 117-153, Jan. 1941.", "J.F.A. Sleath, \"Sea Bed Mechanics\". John Wiley Ed., USA, 1984, 335 pp.", "J. Renaud, M.M. Ganthier and D. Cot, \"Natures des fonds de l'Iroise et Entr\u00e9e de Brest,\" Service Hydrographique de la Marine Ed., Seabed map, 1:75,000, 1899.", "Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine, \"Atlas der Bodenbeschaffenheit des Meeres. S\u00fcdliche Nordsee, Deutsche Bucht, Britische und Franz\u00f6sische kanalk\u00fcsten\". n\u00b0 2310. Seabed maps, 4 at 1:1,000,000, 12 at 1:250,000 and 60 maps at 1:150,000. 1934.", "Maritime Safety Agency, \"Bottom sediment chart in the adjacent seas of Kamaisi\". Seabed map n\u00b0 7005, Tokyo, Japan, 1:200,000. 1953.\n[10]\tK. B. Lewis, R. D. Garlick, and S. M. Dawson, \"Kaiboura Canyon: depth, shelf texture and whale dives,\" Chart Miscellaneous Series n\u00b078, NIWA Ed., New-Zealand, 1998.\n[11]\tG. Thouzeau, D. Hamon, D. Coic, and A. Grotte, \"Carte des peuplements benthiques des substrats meubles de la Baie de Saint-Brieuc\". Seabed map 1:50,000, Ifremer Ed., 1992. \n[12]\tV. Diaz del Rio and L. Somoza, \"Mapa fisiografico del Mar Menor\". Seabed map, Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia Ed., n\u00b0 14, 1:25,000, 1993.\n[13]\tJ. Rey Salgado, \"Mapa de la distribution sedimentaria superficial; relacion morfosedimentaria entre la plataforma continental de galicia y las rias Bajas y su evolucion durante el Cuaternario\". Publication especialles Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, N\u00b017, Madrid. 1993.\n[14]\tNOAA, \"Beaufort Bathymetric Fishing Maps,\" 1:100,000, US Dept. of Commerce NOAA Ed., Washington DC, 1990.\n[15]\tE. Emylianov, G. Neumann, J. Harff, R. Kramarska, S. Uscinowicz, and P. P. Shircshov, \"Quaternary deposits of the western Baltic and Bottom sediments of the western Baltic\". 2 seabed map 1:500,000, Head Department of Navigation and Oceanography, Russian Ministry of Defense, Sankt Petersburg, 1994.\n[16]\tR. L. Folk, \"The Distinction between Grain Size and Mineral Composition in Sedimentary-Rock Nomenclature,\" Journal of Geology, vol. 62, n\u00b04, pp 344\u2013359, Jul. 1954.\n[17]\tC. Larsonneur, \"Manche centrale et Baie de Seine, g\u00e9ologie du substratum et des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts meubles\". HDR Memoir, University of Caen/Geology dpt. Ed., 1971, 394 p. \n[18]\tD. Vaslet, C. Larsonneur, and J. P. Auffret, \"Carte des s\u00e9diments superficiels de la Manche\". Seabed map, 1:500,000, BRGM Ed., 1978. \n[19]\tDireccion General Maritima Portuaria, \"Mapa de repartition de las facies sedimentarias, Bahia de Cartagena\". Seabed map, Centro de Investigationes Oceanograficas e Hidrograficas y Mision Tecnica Francesa Ed., 1:25,000, 1983.\n[20]\tInstituto Hidrografico, \"Carta dos sedimentos superficiais de Cabo de S. Vicente ao Rio Guadiana\". Seabed map, 1:150,000, Instituto Hidrografico Ed., 1985.\n[21]\tRijks Geologische Dienst, \"Geologische kaart Rabsbank\". Seabed map, 1:250,000, Rijks Geologische Dienst Ed., 1992.\n[22]\tG. B Udintsef, R. L. Fisher, V. F. Kanaev, A. S. Laughton, E.S.W Simpson, and D.I. Zhiv, \"Geological-Geophysical Atlas of the Indian Ocean- International Indian Ocean Expedition\". UNESCO/IOC n\u00b0 76-436, Pergamon Press Ed., 1975.\n[23]\tJ. V. Barrie, J. L. Luternauer, K. W. Conway, B. Sawyer, L. J. Bedard, and G. F. L'Esp\u00e9rance, \"Surficial geology of the Queen Charlotte basin, Moresby Island-Queen Charlotte sound\". 8 Seabed maps, 1:250,000, Commission G\u00e9ologique du Canada Ed., 1990.\n[24]\tK. Ikehara, \"Exploratory notes of Sedimentological map of the vicinity of Tanegashiman,\" Geological Survey of Japan-AIST Ed., Marine Geology Map Series n\u00b084 (CD), 2014.\n[25]\tF. Tauber, \"Seabed sediments in the German Baltic Sea: Bay of Kiel \u2013 Flensburg Fjord\", map no. 2931, 1:100,000, Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency Ed.. www.bsh.de/de/Produkte/Karten/Geologische_Karten/index.jsp. 2012.\n[26]\tF. Tauber, and W. Lemke, \"Meeresbodensedimente in der westlichen Ostsee \u2013 Blatt Darss\". Seabed map, 1:100,000, Institut f\u00fcr Ostseeforschung, Warnem\u00fcnde Ed., 1995.\n[27]\tC. Propp, A. Bartholom\u00e4, C. Hass, P. Holler, M. Lambers-Huesmann, S. Papenmeier, P. Richter, K. Schwarzer, F. Tauber, and M. Zeiler, \"Guideline for Seafloor Mapping in German Marine Waters Using High-Resolution Sonars, version 1.0\". BSH Ed., no. 720, 2016, 147 p.\n[28]\tJ. J. Griffin, H. Windom, and E. D. Goldberg, \"The distribution of clay minerals in the World Ocean,\" Deep Sea Research, vol.15, 1968, pp. 433-459.\n[29]\tC. Duboul-Razavet, and J. P. Barusseau, \"Facteurs dynamiques de la s\u00e9dimentation marine,\" ENSTA Ed., Paris, 1975, 283p. \n[30]\tM. Rudelle, \"M\u00e9canique des sols en mer profonde,\" vol. 3, CNEXO Ed., Paris, 1977, pp.15-16.\n[31]\tP. A. Rona, \"The Central North Atlantic Ocean Basin and Continental Margins: Geology, Geophysic, Geochemistry and Ressources including the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG),\" atlas n\u00b03, US Dpt. of Commerce NOAA Ed., 1980.\n[32]\tJ. Boulaine, and J Trichet, \"Achille DELESSE (1817-1881) et ses cartes th\u00e9matiques,\" Travaux du Comit\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais d'Histoire de la G\u00e9ologie, vol.3, n\u00b011, 1997, pp.59-67.\n[33]\tR. Petschick, G. Kuhn, and F. Gingele, \"Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments of the South Atlantic: sources, transport, and relation to oceanography,\" Marine Geology, vol. 130, 3\u20134, pp. 203-229, March 1996.\n[34]\tE. M. Emelyanov, A. V. Ilyin, A. P. Lisitzin, I. I. Shurko, and, V. V. Froll, \"International Geophysical Atlas of the Atlantic Ocean\". Min. Geol. USSR, UNESCO/IOC, Udsintev G.B. Ed. 1990.\n[35]\tA. P. Lisitzin, \"Sedimentation in the world Ocean,\" SEPM Spec. Pub., n\u00b017, Tulsa Oklahoma, 1972, pp. 1-196. \n[36]\tA. P. Lisitzin, \"Principles of geological mapping of marine sediments \u2013 with special reference to the African continental margin,\" UNESCO Reports in Marine Science, n\u00b037, 1986, 101 p.\n[37]\tA. Dutkiewicz, R. D. M\u00fcller, S. O'Callaghan, and H. J\u00f3nasson, \"Census of seafloor sediments in the world's ocean,\" Geology, published online as doi:10.1130/G36883.12015, Aug. 2015."]} |
format |
Text |
author |
T. Garlan I. Gabelotaud S. Lucas E. Marchès |
author_facet |
T. Garlan I. Gabelotaud S. Lucas E. Marchès |
author_sort |
T. Garlan |
title |
A World Map Of Seabed Sediment Based On 50 Years Of Knowledge |
title_short |
A World Map Of Seabed Sediment Based On 50 Years Of Knowledge |
title_full |
A World Map Of Seabed Sediment Based On 50 Years Of Knowledge |
title_fullStr |
A World Map Of Seabed Sediment Based On 50 Years Of Knowledge |
title_full_unstemmed |
A World Map Of Seabed Sediment Based On 50 Years Of Knowledge |
title_sort |
world map of seabed sediment based on 50 years of knowledge |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1317074 https://zenodo.org/record/1317074 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-61.422,-61.422,-62.841,-62.841) ENVELOPE(-60.667,-60.667,-63.783,-63.783) ENVELOPE(-132.088,-132.088,53.255,53.255) ENVELOPE(-67.950,-67.950,-65.700,-65.700) ENVELOPE(13.943,13.943,66.985,66.985) |
geographic |
Canada Conway Diaz Indian New Zealand Queen Charlotte Renaud Rona |
geographic_facet |
Canada Conway Diaz Indian New Zealand Queen Charlotte Renaud Rona |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1317073 |
op_rights |
Open Access Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1317074 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1317073 |
_version_ |
1766137800740044800 |
spelling |
ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.1317074 2023-05-15T17:37:42+02:00 A World Map Of Seabed Sediment Based On 50 Years Of Knowledge T. Garlan I. Gabelotaud S. Lucas E. Marchès 2018 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1317074 https://zenodo.org/record/1317074 en eng Zenodo https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1317073 Open Access Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY Marine sedimentology seabed map sediment classification World Ocean. Text Journal article article-journal ScholarlyArticle 2018 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1317074 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1317073 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z Production of a global sedimentological seabed map has been initiated in 1995 to provide the necessary tool for searches of aircraft and boats lost at sea, to give sedimentary information for nautical charts, and to provide input data for acoustic propagation modelling. This original approach had already been initiated one century ago when the French hydrographic service and the University of Nancy had produced maps of the distribution of marine sediments of the French coasts and then sediment maps of the continental shelves of Europe and North America. The current map of the sediment of oceans presented was initiated with a UNESCO's general map of the deep ocean floor. This map was adapted using a unique sediment classification to present all types of sediments: from beaches to the deep seabed and from glacial deposits to tropical sediments. In order to allow good visualization and to be adapted to the different applications, only the granularity of sediments is represented. The published seabed maps are studied, if they present an interest, the nature of the seabed is extracted from them, the sediment classification is transcribed and the resulted map is integrated in the world map. Data come also from interpretations of Multibeam Echo Sounder (MES) imagery of large hydrographic surveys of deep-ocean. These allow a very high-quality mapping of areas that until then were represented as homogeneous. The third and principal source of data comes from the integration of regional maps produced specifically for this project. These regional maps are carried out using all the bathymetric and sedimentary data of a region. This step makes it possible to produce a regional synthesis map, with the realization of generalizations in the case of over-precise data. 86 regional maps of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean have been produced and integrated into the world sedimentary map. This work is permanent and permits a digital version every two years, with the integration of some new maps. This article describes the choices made in terms of sediment classification, the scale of source data and the zonation of the variability of the quality. This map is the final step in a system comprising the Shom Sedimentary Database, enriched by more than one million punctual and surface items of data, and four series of coastal seabed maps at 1:10,000, 1:50,000, 1:200,000 and 1:1,000,000. This step by step approach makes it possible to take into account the progresses in knowledge made in the field of seabed characterization during the last decades. Thus, the arrival of new classification systems for seafloor has improved the recent seabed maps, and the compilation of these new maps with those previously published allows a gradual enrichment of the world sedimentary map. But there is still a lot of work to enhance some regions, which are still based on data acquired more than half a century ago. : {"references": ["T. Garlan, \"Deux si\u00e8cles de cartographie des s\u00e9diments marins,\" CFC - Cartes et G\u00e9omatique, n\u00b0211, 2012, pp.115-139.", "J. Thoulet, \"Pr\u00e9cis d'analyse des fonds sous-marins actuels et ancien,\" R. Chapelot Ed., 1907, 220 p.", "M. Konert, and J. Vandenberghe, \"Comparison of laser grain size analysis with pipette and sieve analysis: a solution for the underestimation of the clay fraction,\" Sedimentology, 44, 1997, pp. 523-535.", "C.K. Wentworth, \"A Scale of Grade and Class Terms for Clastic Sediments,\" Journal of Geology, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 377-392, Jul.-Aug. 1922.", "J. Bourcart, \"Essai d'une classification raisonn\u00e9e des mat\u00e9riaux meubles,\" Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9ologique de France, vol. S5-XI, pp. 117-153, Jan. 1941.", "J.F.A. Sleath, \"Sea Bed Mechanics\". John Wiley Ed., USA, 1984, 335 pp.", "J. Renaud, M.M. Ganthier and D. Cot, \"Natures des fonds de l'Iroise et Entr\u00e9e de Brest,\" Service Hydrographique de la Marine Ed., Seabed map, 1:75,000, 1899.", "Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine, \"Atlas der Bodenbeschaffenheit des Meeres. S\u00fcdliche Nordsee, Deutsche Bucht, Britische und Franz\u00f6sische kanalk\u00fcsten\". n\u00b0 2310. Seabed maps, 4 at 1:1,000,000, 12 at 1:250,000 and 60 maps at 1:150,000. 1934.", "Maritime Safety Agency, \"Bottom sediment chart in the adjacent seas of Kamaisi\". Seabed map n\u00b0 7005, Tokyo, Japan, 1:200,000. 1953.\n[10]\tK. B. Lewis, R. D. Garlick, and S. M. Dawson, \"Kaiboura Canyon: depth, shelf texture and whale dives,\" Chart Miscellaneous Series n\u00b078, NIWA Ed., New-Zealand, 1998.\n[11]\tG. Thouzeau, D. Hamon, D. Coic, and A. Grotte, \"Carte des peuplements benthiques des substrats meubles de la Baie de Saint-Brieuc\". Seabed map 1:50,000, Ifremer Ed., 1992. \n[12]\tV. Diaz del Rio and L. Somoza, \"Mapa fisiografico del Mar Menor\". Seabed map, Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia Ed., n\u00b0 14, 1:25,000, 1993.\n[13]\tJ. Rey Salgado, \"Mapa de la distribution sedimentaria superficial; relacion morfosedimentaria entre la plataforma continental de galicia y las rias Bajas y su evolucion durante el Cuaternario\". Publication especialles Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, N\u00b017, Madrid. 1993.\n[14]\tNOAA, \"Beaufort Bathymetric Fishing Maps,\" 1:100,000, US Dept. of Commerce NOAA Ed., Washington DC, 1990.\n[15]\tE. Emylianov, G. Neumann, J. Harff, R. Kramarska, S. Uscinowicz, and P. P. Shircshov, \"Quaternary deposits of the western Baltic and Bottom sediments of the western Baltic\". 2 seabed map 1:500,000, Head Department of Navigation and Oceanography, Russian Ministry of Defense, Sankt Petersburg, 1994.\n[16]\tR. L. Folk, \"The Distinction between Grain Size and Mineral Composition in Sedimentary-Rock Nomenclature,\" Journal of Geology, vol. 62, n\u00b04, pp 344\u2013359, Jul. 1954.\n[17]\tC. Larsonneur, \"Manche centrale et Baie de Seine, g\u00e9ologie du substratum et des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts meubles\". HDR Memoir, University of Caen/Geology dpt. Ed., 1971, 394 p. \n[18]\tD. Vaslet, C. Larsonneur, and J. P. Auffret, \"Carte des s\u00e9diments superficiels de la Manche\". Seabed map, 1:500,000, BRGM Ed., 1978. \n[19]\tDireccion General Maritima Portuaria, \"Mapa de repartition de las facies sedimentarias, Bahia de Cartagena\". Seabed map, Centro de Investigationes Oceanograficas e Hidrograficas y Mision Tecnica Francesa Ed., 1:25,000, 1983.\n[20]\tInstituto Hidrografico, \"Carta dos sedimentos superficiais de Cabo de S. Vicente ao Rio Guadiana\". Seabed map, 1:150,000, Instituto Hidrografico Ed., 1985.\n[21]\tRijks Geologische Dienst, \"Geologische kaart Rabsbank\". Seabed map, 1:250,000, Rijks Geologische Dienst Ed., 1992.\n[22]\tG. B Udintsef, R. L. Fisher, V. F. Kanaev, A. S. Laughton, E.S.W Simpson, and D.I. Zhiv, \"Geological-Geophysical Atlas of the Indian Ocean- International Indian Ocean Expedition\". UNESCO/IOC n\u00b0 76-436, Pergamon Press Ed., 1975.\n[23]\tJ. V. Barrie, J. L. Luternauer, K. W. Conway, B. Sawyer, L. J. Bedard, and G. F. L'Esp\u00e9rance, \"Surficial geology of the Queen Charlotte basin, Moresby Island-Queen Charlotte sound\". 8 Seabed maps, 1:250,000, Commission G\u00e9ologique du Canada Ed., 1990.\n[24]\tK. Ikehara, \"Exploratory notes of Sedimentological map of the vicinity of Tanegashiman,\" Geological Survey of Japan-AIST Ed., Marine Geology Map Series n\u00b084 (CD), 2014.\n[25]\tF. Tauber, \"Seabed sediments in the German Baltic Sea: Bay of Kiel \u2013 Flensburg Fjord\", map no. 2931, 1:100,000, Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency Ed.. www.bsh.de/de/Produkte/Karten/Geologische_Karten/index.jsp. 2012.\n[26]\tF. Tauber, and W. Lemke, \"Meeresbodensedimente in der westlichen Ostsee \u2013 Blatt Darss\". Seabed map, 1:100,000, Institut f\u00fcr Ostseeforschung, Warnem\u00fcnde Ed., 1995.\n[27]\tC. Propp, A. Bartholom\u00e4, C. Hass, P. Holler, M. Lambers-Huesmann, S. Papenmeier, P. Richter, K. Schwarzer, F. Tauber, and M. Zeiler, \"Guideline for Seafloor Mapping in German Marine Waters Using High-Resolution Sonars, version 1.0\". BSH Ed., no. 720, 2016, 147 p.\n[28]\tJ. J. Griffin, H. Windom, and E. D. Goldberg, \"The distribution of clay minerals in the World Ocean,\" Deep Sea Research, vol.15, 1968, pp. 433-459.\n[29]\tC. Duboul-Razavet, and J. P. Barusseau, \"Facteurs dynamiques de la s\u00e9dimentation marine,\" ENSTA Ed., Paris, 1975, 283p. \n[30]\tM. Rudelle, \"M\u00e9canique des sols en mer profonde,\" vol. 3, CNEXO Ed., Paris, 1977, pp.15-16.\n[31]\tP. A. Rona, \"The Central North Atlantic Ocean Basin and Continental Margins: Geology, Geophysic, Geochemistry and Ressources including the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG),\" atlas n\u00b03, US Dpt. of Commerce NOAA Ed., 1980.\n[32]\tJ. Boulaine, and J Trichet, \"Achille DELESSE (1817-1881) et ses cartes th\u00e9matiques,\" Travaux du Comit\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais d'Histoire de la G\u00e9ologie, vol.3, n\u00b011, 1997, pp.59-67.\n[33]\tR. Petschick, G. Kuhn, and F. Gingele, \"Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments of the South Atlantic: sources, transport, and relation to oceanography,\" Marine Geology, vol. 130, 3\u20134, pp. 203-229, March 1996.\n[34]\tE. M. Emelyanov, A. V. Ilyin, A. P. Lisitzin, I. I. Shurko, and, V. V. Froll, \"International Geophysical Atlas of the Atlantic Ocean\". Min. Geol. USSR, UNESCO/IOC, Udsintev G.B. Ed. 1990.\n[35]\tA. P. Lisitzin, \"Sedimentation in the world Ocean,\" SEPM Spec. Pub., n\u00b017, Tulsa Oklahoma, 1972, pp. 1-196. \n[36]\tA. P. Lisitzin, \"Principles of geological mapping of marine sediments \u2013 with special reference to the African continental margin,\" UNESCO Reports in Marine Science, n\u00b037, 1986, 101 p.\n[37]\tA. Dutkiewicz, R. D. M\u00fcller, S. O'Callaghan, and H. J\u00f3nasson, \"Census of seafloor sediments in the world's ocean,\" Geology, published online as doi:10.1130/G36883.12015, Aug. 2015."]} Text North Atlantic DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Canada Conway ENVELOPE(-61.422,-61.422,-62.841,-62.841) Diaz ENVELOPE(-60.667,-60.667,-63.783,-63.783) Indian New Zealand Queen Charlotte ENVELOPE(-132.088,-132.088,53.255,53.255) Renaud ENVELOPE(-67.950,-67.950,-65.700,-65.700) Rona ENVELOPE(13.943,13.943,66.985,66.985) |