Interannual Variations In Snowfall And Continuous Snow Cover Duration In Pelso, Central Finland, Linked To Teleconnection Patterns, 1944-2010

• Main Authors: M. Irannezhad, E. H. N. Gashti, S. Mohammadighavam, M. Zarrini, B. Kløve
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: Zenodo 2014
• Subjects: Variations; snowfall; snow cover duration; temperature-index snowmelt model; teleconnection patterns.; Dewey; Kendall; Marttila; Simola; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1097295; https://zenodo.org/record/1097295

Climate warming would increase rainfall by shifting precipitation falling form from snow to rain, and would accelerate snow cover disappearing by increasing snowpack. Using temperature and precipitation data in the temperature-index snowmelt model, we evaluated variability of snowfall and continuous snow cover duration (CSCD) during 1944-2010 over Pelso, central Finland. Mann- Kendall non-parametric test determined that annual precipitation increased by 2.69 (mm/year, p<0.05) during the study period, but no clear trend in annual temperature. Both annual rainfall and snowfall increased by 1.67 and 0.78 (mm/year, p<0.05), respectively. CSCD was generally about 205 days from 14 October to 6 May. No clear trend was found in CSCD over Pelso. Spearman’s rank correlation showed most significant relationships of annual snowfall with the East Atlantic (EA) pattern, and CSCD with the East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR) pattern. Increased precipitation with no warming temperature caused the rainfall and snowfall to increase, while no effects on CSCD. : {"references": ["P.Y. Groisman, T.R. Karl, R.W. Knight, \"Changes of snow cover,\ntemperature, and radiative heat-balance over the Northern Hemisphere\",\nJournal of Climate, 7(11), 1994, 1633-1656.", "A. Frei, D.A. Robinson, \"Northern Hemisphere snow extent: Regional\nvariability 1972-1994\", International Journal of Climatology, 19 (14),\n1999, 535-1560.", "T.P. Barnett, J.C. Adam, D.P. Lettenmaier, \"Potential impacts of a\nwarming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions\",\nNature, 438, 2005, 303-303.", "M.I. Budyko, \"The effect of solar radiation variations on the climate on\nthe Earth\", Tellus, 21(5), 1969, 611-611.", "K.F. Dewey, \"Daily maximum and minimum temperature forecasts and\nthe influence of snow cover\", Monthly Weather Review, Boston,\n105(12), 1977, 1594-1597.", "T.R. Karl, P.Y. Groisman, W.K. Knight, R.R. Heim, \"Recent variations\nof snow cover and snowfall in North America and their relation to\nprecipitation and temperature variations\", Journal of Climate, Boston,\nMA, 6(7), 1993, 1327-1343.", "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),\"Climate Change\n2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the\nThird Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate\nChange\", 2001, Cambridge University Press, Books, 40 West 20th Street\nNew York NY 10011-4211 USA, 2001.", "J. Jaagus, \"Regionalisation of the precipitation pattern in the Baltic Sea\ndrainage basin and its dependence on large-scale atmospheric\ncirculation\", Boreal Environment Research, 14(1), 2009, 31-44.", "P. Pirinen, H. Simola, J. Aalto, J.-P. Kaukoranta, P. Karlsson, R.\nRuuhela, \"Tilastoja Suomen Ilmastosta 1981-2010 (Climatological\nstatistics of Finland 1981-2010)\". Reports 2012:1, Finnish\nMeteorological Institute, Helsinki (in Finnish and English), 2012.\n[10] B. Vehvil\u00e4inen, \"Snow cover models in operational watershed\nforecasting\", Publications of Water and Environment Research Institute\n11, Helsinki, 1992, 112 p.\n[11] D.R. Helsel, R.M. Hirsch, \"Statistical methods in water resources\",\nStudies in Environmental Science (Amsterdam), 1992, pp. 522.\n[12] V. Sridhar, A. Nayak, \"Implications of climate-driven variability and\ntrends for the hydrologic assessment of the Reynolds Creek\nExperimental Watershed, Idaho\", Journal of Hydrology, 385(1-4), 2010,\n183-202.\n[13] M. Irannezhad, H. Marttila, B. Kl\u00f8ve. \"Long-term variations and trends\nin precipitation in Finland\", International Journal of Climatology,\n34(10), 2014, 3139-3153.\n[14] M. Irannezhad, D. Chen, B. Kl\u00f8ve, \"Interannual variations and trends in\nsurface air temperature in Finland in relation to atmospheric circulation\npatterns, 1961-2011\", International Journal of Climatology (Accepted).\n[15] K. Ruosteenoja, K. Jylh\u00e4, \"Temperature and precipitation projections for\nFinland based on climate models employed in the IPCC 4th Assessment\nReport\". In: Third International Conference on Climate and Water,\nHelsinki, Finland, 3\u20136 September 2007, Proceedings, 2007, 404\u2013406.\n[16] K. Jylh\u00e4, S. Fronzek, H. Tuomenvirta, T.R. Carter, K. Ruosteenoja,\n\"Changes in frost, snow and Baltic sea ice by the end of the twenty-first\ncentury based on climate model projections for Europe\", Climatic\nChange, 86(3-4), 2007, 441-462."]}