Transesterification Of Jojoba Oil-Wax Using Microwave Technique

Jojoba oil-wax is extracted from the seeds of the jojoba ( Simmondsia chinensis Link Schneider), a perennial shrub that grows in semi desert areas in Egypt and in some parts of the world. The main uses of jojoba oil-wax are in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry, but new uses could arise relat...

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Main Authors: Labiba I. Hussein, Elsabee, Maher Z., Eid A. Ismail, Naguib, Hala F., Aziz, Hilda A., Moataz A. Elsawy
Format: Text
Language:English
Published: Zenodo 2014
Subjects:
Online Access:https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1092430
https://zenodo.org/record/1092430
id ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.1092430
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology)
op_collection_id ftdatacite
language English
topic Jojoba oil
transesterification
microwave
gas chromatography jojoba esters
Jojoba alcohol.
spellingShingle Jojoba oil
transesterification
microwave
gas chromatography jojoba esters
Jojoba alcohol.
Labiba I. Hussein
Elsabee, Maher Z.
Eid A. Ismail
Naguib, Hala F.
Aziz, Hilda A.
Moataz A. Elsawy
Transesterification Of Jojoba Oil-Wax Using Microwave Technique
topic_facet Jojoba oil
transesterification
microwave
gas chromatography jojoba esters
Jojoba alcohol.
description Jojoba oil-wax is extracted from the seeds of the jojoba ( Simmondsia chinensis Link Schneider), a perennial shrub that grows in semi desert areas in Egypt and in some parts of the world. The main uses of jojoba oil-wax are in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry, but new uses could arise related to the search of new energetic crops. This paper summarizes a process to convert the jojoba oil-wax to biodiesel by transesterification with ethanol and a series of aliphatic alcohols using a more economic and energy saving method in a domestic microwave. The effect of time and power of the microwave on the extent of the transesterification using ethanol and other aliphatic alcohols has been studied. The separation of the alkyl esters from the fatty alcohols rich fraction has been done in a single crystallization step at low temperature (−18°C) from low boiling point petroleum ether. Gas chromatography has been used to follow up the transesterification process. All products have been characterized by spectral analysis. : {"references": ["Singh SP, Singh D. Biodiesel production through the use of different\nsources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of\ndiesel: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2010; 14:\n200\u2013216", "Ma F, Clement LD, Hanna MA. The effect of mixing on\ntransesterification of beef tallow. BioresourTechnol 1999;69: 289\u201393.", "Ratledge, Boulton CA. Fats and oils. In: Moo Young M., Blanch HN,\nDream S, Wang DIC, editors, Comparative Biotechnology in industry,\nagriculture and medicine, vol. 3. New York: Pergamon Press; 1985, p.\n983\u20131003.", "Lee I, Johnson LA, Hammond EG. Use of branched-chain esters to\nreduce the crystallization temperature of Biodiesel. J Am Oil ChemSoc\n1995; 72: 1155\u201360.", "European Committee for Standarisation (DIN). Automotive fuels. Fatty\nacid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines. Requirements and test\nmethods. European Standard EN 14214; 2003.", "Alcantara R, Amores J, Canoira L, Fidalgo E, Franco MJ, Navarro A.\nCatalytic production of biodiesel from soy-bean oil, used frying oil and\ntallow. Biomass and Bioenergy 2000; 18: 515\u201327.", "Freedman B, Butterfield RO, Pryde EH. Transesterification kinetics of\nsoybean oil. J Am Oil ChemSoc 1986; 63(10):1375\u201380.", "Noureddini H, Zhu D. Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil. J\nAm Oil ChemSoc 1997; 74: 1457\u201363.", "Antol\u0131n G, Tinaut FV, Briceno Y, Castano V, Perez C, Ram\u0131rez AI.\nOptimization of Biodiesel production by sunflower oil\ntransesterification. BioresourTechnol 2002; 83(2): 111\u20134.\n[10] Mohamed M, Soumanoua B, Uwe T, Bornscheuer A. Improvement in\nlipasecatalyzed synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from sunflower oil.\nEnzyme MicrobTechnol 2003; 33: 97\u2013103.\n[11] Darnoko D, Cheryan M. Kinetics of palm oil transesterification in a\nbatch reactor. J Am Oil ChemSoc 2000; 77(12): 1263\u20137.\n[12] Kusdiana D, Saka S. Kinetics of transestrification in rapseed oil to\nbiodiesel fuel as tested in supercritical methanol. Fuel 2001; 80: 693\u20135.\n[13] Zou L, Atkinson S. Characterizing vehicle emissions from the burning\nof biodiesel made from vegetable oil. Environ Technol 2003; 24: 1253.\n[14] Kose O, Tuter M, Aksoy HA. Immobilized candida antarctica lipasecatalyzed\nalcoholysis of cotton seed oil in a solvent-free medium.\nBioresourTechnol 2002; 83:125\u20139.\n[15] Foidl N, Foidl G, Sanchez M, Mittelbach M, Hackel S. Jatropha curcas\nL. as a source for the production of biofuel in Nicaragua.\nBioresourTechnol 1996; 58: 77\u201382.\n[16] LaureanoCanoira_, Ramo\u00b4 n Alca\u00b4 ntara, M% a Jesu\u00b4 s Garc\u0131\u00b4a-\nMart\u0131\u00b4nez, Jesu\u00b4 s Carrasco. Biodiesel from Jojoba oil-wax:\nTransesterification with methanol and properties as a fuel. Biomass and\nBioenergy 2006; 30: 76\u201381.\n[17] He Y, Bao YD. Study on cottonseed oil as a partial substitute for diesel\noil in fuel for single-cylinder diesel engine. Renew Energ 2005;30:805\u2013\n13.\n[18] Mustafa C, Ahmet E, Erol A. Performance and exhaust emissions of a\nbiodiesel engine. ApplEnerg 2006;83:594\u2013605.\n[19] Radwan MS, Ismail MA, Elfeky SMS, Abu-Elyazeed OSM. Jojoba\nmethyl ester as a diesel fuel substitute: preparation and characterization.\nApplThermEng 2007;27:314\u201322.\n[20] Selim MYE, Radwan MS, Saleh HE. Performance of dual fuel engine\nrunning on jojoba oil as pilot fuel and CNG or LPG. In: Summer heat\ntransfer conference. Canada: ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering; 2007.\n[21] Ejim CE, Fleck BA, Amirfazli A. Analytical study for atomization of\nbiodiesels and their blends in a typical injector: surface tension and\nviscosity effects. Fuel 2007;86:1534\u201344\n[22] Busson-Breysse J, Farines M, Soulier J. Jojoba wax: its esters and some\nof its minor components. J Am Oil ChemSoc 1994; 71(9): 999\u20131001.\n[23] Canoira L, Alca\u2032ntara R, Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez MJ, Carrasco J. Biodiesel\nfrom jojoba oil-wax: transesterification with methanol and properties as\na fuel. Biomass and Bioenergy 2006; 30: 76\u201381.\n[24] Hamilton R J, Raie M Y. Structure of the Alcohols Derived From Wax\nEsters in Jojoba Oil. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 1975; 14: 92-96\n[25] Shani A, Lurie P. Synthesis of jojobamide and homojojobamide. J Am\nOil ChemSoc 1980; 112\u20134.\n[26] Al-Widyan, A. Mu'taz, Al-Muhtaseb, Energy Conversion and\nManagement 51, 1702 (2010).\n[27] Silverstein R. M. Clayton Bassler G. Morrill T. C.Spectrometric\nIdentification of Organic Compounds, John Wiley, Fifth Ed. (1991).\n[28] D. Groffe, P. Groffe, S. Takhar, Petroleum Science And Technology\n19(2001) 205\n[29] Al-Sabagh A. M. NoorEl-Din M. R. Morsi R. E. Elsabee M Z. Oil\nSoluble Styrene- Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Derivatives and Their\nFlow Improver Properties of Waxy Crude Oil. J Petroleum Science and\nEngineering 65 (200)."]}
format Text
author Labiba I. Hussein
Elsabee, Maher Z.
Eid A. Ismail
Naguib, Hala F.
Aziz, Hilda A.
Moataz A. Elsawy
author_facet Labiba I. Hussein
Elsabee, Maher Z.
Eid A. Ismail
Naguib, Hala F.
Aziz, Hilda A.
Moataz A. Elsawy
author_sort Labiba I. Hussein
title Transesterification Of Jojoba Oil-Wax Using Microwave Technique
title_short Transesterification Of Jojoba Oil-Wax Using Microwave Technique
title_full Transesterification Of Jojoba Oil-Wax Using Microwave Technique
title_fullStr Transesterification Of Jojoba Oil-Wax Using Microwave Technique
title_full_unstemmed Transesterification Of Jojoba Oil-Wax Using Microwave Technique
title_sort transesterification of jojoba oil-wax using microwave technique
publisher Zenodo
publishDate 2014
url https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1092430
https://zenodo.org/record/1092430
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geographic Atkinson
Canada
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genre Antarc*
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op_relation https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1092431
op_rights Open Access
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
op_rightsnorm CC-BY
op_doi https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1092430
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1092431
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spelling ftdatacite:10.5281/zenodo.1092430 2023-05-15T13:42:48+02:00 Transesterification Of Jojoba Oil-Wax Using Microwave Technique Labiba I. Hussein Elsabee, Maher Z. Eid A. Ismail Naguib, Hala F. Aziz, Hilda A. Moataz A. Elsawy 2014 https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1092430 https://zenodo.org/record/1092430 en eng Zenodo https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1092431 Open Access Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY Jojoba oil transesterification microwave gas chromatography jojoba esters Jojoba alcohol. Text Journal article article-journal ScholarlyArticle 2014 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1092430 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1092431 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z Jojoba oil-wax is extracted from the seeds of the jojoba ( Simmondsia chinensis Link Schneider), a perennial shrub that grows in semi desert areas in Egypt and in some parts of the world. The main uses of jojoba oil-wax are in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry, but new uses could arise related to the search of new energetic crops. This paper summarizes a process to convert the jojoba oil-wax to biodiesel by transesterification with ethanol and a series of aliphatic alcohols using a more economic and energy saving method in a domestic microwave. The effect of time and power of the microwave on the extent of the transesterification using ethanol and other aliphatic alcohols has been studied. The separation of the alkyl esters from the fatty alcohols rich fraction has been done in a single crystallization step at low temperature (−18°C) from low boiling point petroleum ether. Gas chromatography has been used to follow up the transesterification process. All products have been characterized by spectral analysis. : {"references": ["Singh SP, Singh D. Biodiesel production through the use of different\nsources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of\ndiesel: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2010; 14:\n200\u2013216", "Ma F, Clement LD, Hanna MA. The effect of mixing on\ntransesterification of beef tallow. BioresourTechnol 1999;69: 289\u201393.", "Ratledge, Boulton CA. Fats and oils. In: Moo Young M., Blanch HN,\nDream S, Wang DIC, editors, Comparative Biotechnology in industry,\nagriculture and medicine, vol. 3. New York: Pergamon Press; 1985, p.\n983\u20131003.", "Lee I, Johnson LA, Hammond EG. Use of branched-chain esters to\nreduce the crystallization temperature of Biodiesel. J Am Oil ChemSoc\n1995; 72: 1155\u201360.", "European Committee for Standarisation (DIN). Automotive fuels. Fatty\nacid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines. Requirements and test\nmethods. European Standard EN 14214; 2003.", "Alcantara R, Amores J, Canoira L, Fidalgo E, Franco MJ, Navarro A.\nCatalytic production of biodiesel from soy-bean oil, used frying oil and\ntallow. Biomass and Bioenergy 2000; 18: 515\u201327.", "Freedman B, Butterfield RO, Pryde EH. Transesterification kinetics of\nsoybean oil. J Am Oil ChemSoc 1986; 63(10):1375\u201380.", "Noureddini H, Zhu D. Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil. J\nAm Oil ChemSoc 1997; 74: 1457\u201363.", "Antol\u0131n G, Tinaut FV, Briceno Y, Castano V, Perez C, Ram\u0131rez AI.\nOptimization of Biodiesel production by sunflower oil\ntransesterification. BioresourTechnol 2002; 83(2): 111\u20134.\n[10] Mohamed M, Soumanoua B, Uwe T, Bornscheuer A. Improvement in\nlipasecatalyzed synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from sunflower oil.\nEnzyme MicrobTechnol 2003; 33: 97\u2013103.\n[11] Darnoko D, Cheryan M. Kinetics of palm oil transesterification in a\nbatch reactor. J Am Oil ChemSoc 2000; 77(12): 1263\u20137.\n[12] Kusdiana D, Saka S. Kinetics of transestrification in rapseed oil to\nbiodiesel fuel as tested in supercritical methanol. Fuel 2001; 80: 693\u20135.\n[13] Zou L, Atkinson S. Characterizing vehicle emissions from the burning\nof biodiesel made from vegetable oil. Environ Technol 2003; 24: 1253.\n[14] Kose O, Tuter M, Aksoy HA. Immobilized candida antarctica lipasecatalyzed\nalcoholysis of cotton seed oil in a solvent-free medium.\nBioresourTechnol 2002; 83:125\u20139.\n[15] Foidl N, Foidl G, Sanchez M, Mittelbach M, Hackel S. Jatropha curcas\nL. as a source for the production of biofuel in Nicaragua.\nBioresourTechnol 1996; 58: 77\u201382.\n[16] LaureanoCanoira_, Ramo\u00b4 n Alca\u00b4 ntara, M% a Jesu\u00b4 s Garc\u0131\u00b4a-\nMart\u0131\u00b4nez, Jesu\u00b4 s Carrasco. Biodiesel from Jojoba oil-wax:\nTransesterification with methanol and properties as a fuel. Biomass and\nBioenergy 2006; 30: 76\u201381.\n[17] He Y, Bao YD. Study on cottonseed oil as a partial substitute for diesel\noil in fuel for single-cylinder diesel engine. Renew Energ 2005;30:805\u2013\n13.\n[18] Mustafa C, Ahmet E, Erol A. Performance and exhaust emissions of a\nbiodiesel engine. ApplEnerg 2006;83:594\u2013605.\n[19] Radwan MS, Ismail MA, Elfeky SMS, Abu-Elyazeed OSM. Jojoba\nmethyl ester as a diesel fuel substitute: preparation and characterization.\nApplThermEng 2007;27:314\u201322.\n[20] Selim MYE, Radwan MS, Saleh HE. Performance of dual fuel engine\nrunning on jojoba oil as pilot fuel and CNG or LPG. In: Summer heat\ntransfer conference. Canada: ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering; 2007.\n[21] Ejim CE, Fleck BA, Amirfazli A. Analytical study for atomization of\nbiodiesels and their blends in a typical injector: surface tension and\nviscosity effects. Fuel 2007;86:1534\u201344\n[22] Busson-Breysse J, Farines M, Soulier J. Jojoba wax: its esters and some\nof its minor components. J Am Oil ChemSoc 1994; 71(9): 999\u20131001.\n[23] Canoira L, Alca\u2032ntara R, Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez MJ, Carrasco J. Biodiesel\nfrom jojoba oil-wax: transesterification with methanol and properties as\na fuel. Biomass and Bioenergy 2006; 30: 76\u201381.\n[24] Hamilton R J, Raie M Y. Structure of the Alcohols Derived From Wax\nEsters in Jojoba Oil. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 1975; 14: 92-96\n[25] Shani A, Lurie P. Synthesis of jojobamide and homojojobamide. J Am\nOil ChemSoc 1980; 112\u20134.\n[26] Al-Widyan, A. Mu'taz, Al-Muhtaseb, Energy Conversion and\nManagement 51, 1702 (2010).\n[27] Silverstein R. M. Clayton Bassler G. Morrill T. C.Spectrometric\nIdentification of Organic Compounds, John Wiley, Fifth Ed. (1991).\n[28] D. Groffe, P. Groffe, S. Takhar, Petroleum Science And Technology\n19(2001) 205\n[29] Al-Sabagh A. M. NoorEl-Din M. R. Morsi R. E. Elsabee M Z. Oil\nSoluble Styrene- Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Derivatives and Their\nFlow Improver Properties of Waxy Crude Oil. J Petroleum Science and\nEngineering 65 (200)."]} Text Antarc* Antarctica DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Atkinson ENVELOPE(-85.483,-85.483,-78.650,-78.650) Canada Carrasco ENVELOPE(-63.367,-63.367,-64.800,-64.800) Clayton ENVELOPE(-64.183,-64.183,-65.167,-65.167) Navarro ENVELOPE(-62.167,-62.167,-64.650,-64.650) Perez ENVELOPE(-69.117,-69.117,-68.517,-68.517)